WeleUnitDiscoveringUsefulStructures课件高中英语人教版

新人教版高中英语必修一WelcomeUnit

DiscoveringUsefulStructuresLearningobjectives1.Haveagoodunderstandingofthebasicsentencestructuresandbasiccomponentsofasentence.2.Identifythebasicsentencestructures—SV;SVO;SP;SVIODO;SVOC;SVA;SVOA;Therebe...3.Masterandusethebasicsentencestructuresflexibly.Knowaboutthe4typesofsentencestructures1234简单句并列句复合句并列复合句1234Knowaboutthebasiccompositionofasentence！

Part1PDOOAC(subject)SV(verb)(object)(predicative)(adverbial)(directobject)I0(objectcomplement)(indirectobject)（同位语）appositive（定语）attribute主语状语宾语补足语直接宾语表语宾语间接宾语谓语KnowaboutthebasiccompositionofasentenceKnowaboutthetermsSVOPAC(subject)主语:句子说明的人或事物；

(verb)谓语动词:说明主语的动作、状态和特征；

(object)宾语:动作的对象或承受者；DO(directobject)IO(indirectobject)

(objectcomplement)宾语补足语：说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。(adverbial)状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、

结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等；(predicative)表语：连系动词后面的成分；

1.Jane

isgoodatplayingthepiano.2.Shewentoutinahurry.3.EightisaluckynumberinChina.4.Toseeistobelieve.5.Smokingisbadforhealth.6.Whathehassaidistrue.

Thecompositionofasentence(subject)主语:句子说明的人或事物

名词代词数词不定式句子动名词(verb)谓语动词:说明主语的动作、状态和特征Thecompositionofasentence简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.Hecanspeak

Englishwell.Shedoesn’tseem

tolikedancing.

Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.see是及物动词look是不及物动词lookafter是动词短语谓语是canspeak谓语是doesn’tseem谓语是haveseenThecompositionofasentence1.Showyourpassport,please.2.Shedidn'tsayanything

3.—Howmanydoyouwant?—Iwanttwo.4.Theysenttheinjured

tohospital.5.Theyasked

tosee

mypassport.6.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.7.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?名词代词数词不定式动名词名词化的形容词句子(object)宾语:动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语在动词后方所跟的双宾语中，表示物的叫做直接宾语directobject（简称“直宾”），表示人的叫做间接宾语(indirectobject)。Hereadusthetext.Mysisterwrote

mealetter.HenryteachesusEnglish.

Mymotherboughtmeawatch.Hermothermadeheracake.

直接宾语directobject间接宾语indirectobject双宾语人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语→Hereadthetexttous.→Mysisterwrotealettertome.→HenryteachesEnglishtous.→Mymotherboughtawatchforme.→Hermothermadeacakeforher.linking-verbIamhappy.Thedayturnslong.Hegetsangry.Heseemsill.Itremainsamystery.--后跟表语，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态、身份、特征等常见的系动词：1.be动词：am,is,are2.状态类系动词：stay,keep,remain,get等3.感官系动词：feel,smell,taste,sound等4.变化类系动词：get,become,grow,go,turn等5.“看起来，似乎”系动词：seem,look,appearThecompositionofasentence1.Iam

fine.2.Heisa

boy.3.Fiveplustwois

seven.4.Weare

here.5.Heisnot

at

home.6.Myhobbyis

reading.7.Ourdutyis

tomake

ourenvironmentbetter.形容词名词数词介词短语动名词副词不定式(predicative)表语:说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态表语是句子中的不完整的谓语，须和系动词一起构成句子中的完整的复合谓语。表语是谓语的部件，而不是与谓语平级的句子成分。主系表结构实际上是主谓结构，没有所谓的主谓表结构。

HisfathernamedhimTerry.Shethinksheragoodteacher.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Wesawhimenteringtheroom.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Iwillhavemyhaircuttomorrowmorning.Thecompositionofasentence形容词现在分词过去分词介词短语(objectcomplement)宾语补足语：说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。代词名词不定式宾语补足语afrightened

girl

ten

students

thechancetowinasleepingguyalostdogabird

inthecageanappletree

theboywhoisdeliveringaspeech(attribute)定语是对名词或代词起修饰，限定作用的句子成分。Thecompositionofasentence数词

形容词不定式

现在分词

过去分词介词短语

名词

定语从句Thecompositionofasentence1.Iwillbebackinawhile.2.Theyareplayingontheplayground.3.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.4.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.5.Iwaitedtoseeyou.时间状语地点状语原因状语目的状语结果状语(adverbial)状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。Thecompositionofasentence6.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.7.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.8.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.9.Iamtallerthanheis.10.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.方式状语结果状语条件状语让步状语比较状语(adverbial)状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。句子成分意义充当成分例句定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.SummaryStudythesentencestructures！

Part2句式分类英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。而句子的基本形式是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。基本句型基本句型简单句并列句复合句八大句式简单句+and,but,or+简单句主句+从句句式分类句子简单句主谓主谓宾主系表主谓宾宾主谓宾宾补主谓状主谓宾状并列句复合句therebe名词(短语)、代词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式形容词，名词、代词、副词、介词短语、非谓语名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语副词，介词短语，非谓语句式分类1.SV:主语+谓语(不及物动词)

这种句型称为主谓结构，其谓语一般是不及物动词。

He

iscrying.他正在哭。主语

谓语

Everysecond

counts.分秒必争。

主语

谓语Part1简单句

Mindmap.SV:主语：谓动词动作的发出者谓语：1.实义动词2.系动词3.情态动词+V原型主谓简单句Part12.SVO:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语这种句型称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般为及物动词或及物动词短语，因此其后要接宾语。

She

likes

English.

她喜欢英语。

主语

谓语

宾语(名词作宾语)简单句Part2

主谓宾宾语：谓语动词的内容或者对象。充当宾语成分的可以是名词(短语)、代词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式等。简单句Part2Mindmap.3.SP:主语+(连系动词+)表语这种句型称为主(系)表结构。

He

became

ateacher.主语

谓语

表语

This

is

anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.

主语

谓语

宾语(名词短语作宾语)简单句Part3(1)判断类：be，prove(证明是)。(2)持续类：keep(保持)，remain(仍然是；保持不变)，stay(保持)，lie(处于；保持)，stand(处于某种状态或情形)。(3)表象类：seem(似乎，好像)，appear(看来，好像)，look(似乎，看来好像)。(4)感官类：feel(摸起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来),sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)。(5)变化类：become(变成)，grow(逐渐变得；逐渐成为)，turn(变成，成为)，fall(变成)，get(变得)，go(变得)等。常见的系动词分类简单句

主系表表语：系动词后的词或短语充当表语成分的为形容词，名词、代词、副词、介词短语、不定式及分词等简单句Mindmap.Part34.SVIODO：主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语。

I

bought

Mary

abirthdaygift.主语

谓语

间接宾语

直接宾语

She

cooked

herhusband

adeliciousmeal.主语

谓语

间接宾语

直接宾语简单句Part4在该句型中，谓语后接两个宾语：一个指人，是间接宾语；一个指物，是直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。主谓宾宾简单句Part4Mindmap.

有时根据强调需要，间接宾语可置于直接宾语后，这时要在间接宾语前加介词to或for。这类动词有buy,give,offer,show,lend等。Mymother

gave

abook

to

me.主语

谓语

直接宾语

介词

间接宾语我妈妈给我一本书。Attention简单句5.SVOC：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语。

I

saw

them

gettingonthebus.

(主语)谓语

宾语

宾补我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车简单句Part2在某些及物动词后面，要用一个“宾语+宾补”结构才能表达完整的意思。作宾语补足语成分的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语等。主谓宾补简单句Part5Mindmap.6.SVA:主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语

Thepenwrites

smoothly.主语

谓语

时间状语这支笔书写流利。简单句Part6主谓状状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。作状语成分的有：副词，介词短语，非谓语。简单句Part6Mindmap.7.SVOA：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+状语He

bought

anewcar

lastApril

inShangHai.主语

谓语

宾语

时间状语

地点状语去年4月他在上海买了一辆新车。简单句Part7Reading8.

Therebe句型There'salwayssomethingexcitingtodoTherebe..句型中的be有时态的变化，还可与助动词和情态动词连用。be有时可以由exist,lie,stand,seemtobe,appeartobe等词(组)代替。简单句Part8Thereisnopointindoingsth.…是没有意义的Thereisnosenseindoingsth....没有理由/没有好处；Thereisnouse/goodindoingsth…没有好处Thereisnoharmindoingsth…没有害处Thereisnopointinarguingwithhimfurther.进一步和他争论是没有意义的。

Therebe...todo有…要去做Therebe...doing有…正在做Therebe...done有·…被做Therebe结构的常用句型：简单句Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.1.She

loves

dancing.2.Thelesson

continued

foranotherhour.3.Myteacher

wants

me

tospendmoretimereading.4.MrLin

gave

us

anencouragingtalking.5.She

laughed.6.Readingmorebooks

arehelpful.7.Thereare

manythingstobeconsidered.SVOSVASVOCSVIODOSVSPTherebe...简单句Exercise

Part3ExerciseActivity1Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.EXAMPLE：We

laughed.SV1The100-year-oldschool

lies

inthecentreofthecity.2We

mustact.3Theteacher

found

theclassroom

empty.SVASVSVOCActivity1Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.EXAMPLE：We

laughed.SV4Mymum

bought

me

anewdictionary.5Tom

islookingforwardto

meetingthenewexchangestudent.6We

had

chemistry

inthenewlybuiltlab.SSVIODOVOSVOAExerciseActivity2Readthepassageandanalysethestructuresoftheunderlinedsentences.Howwouldyouliketogotoschoolandtraveltheworldatthesametime?ForTim，thatdream

hascometrue!Thisterm，Timandhisclassmates

areliving

onaship!Theytakethesamesubjectsasyoudo，likemathsandEnglish.They

alsolearnabout

shipsandthesea.Tim

writes

hisparents

anemaileveryweekandtells

them

whathappenedontheship.Timloveslivingontheship.There’s

alwayssomethingexcitingtodo.And，afteralongdayofstudy，helikestowatchthesungodownandwaitforthe