SAT历年真题：201605官方亚洲真题

PracticeTest#6

Maketimetotakethepracticetest.It’soneofthebestwaystogetreadyfortheSAT.

Afteryou’vetakenthepracticetest,scoreitrightawayat/scoring.

5MSA05

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Eachpassageorpairofpassagesbelowisfollowedbyanumberofquestions.Afterreadingeachpassageorpair,choosethebestanswertoeachquestionbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassageorpassagesandinanyaccompanyinggraphics(suchasatableorgraph).

2VFTUJPOT1-10BSFCBTFEPOUIFGPMMPXJOHQBTTBHF.

ThispassageisadaptedfromDaniyalMueenuddin,“NawabdinElectrician.”©2009byDaniyalMueenuddin.

Anothermanmighthavethrownuphishands—butnotNawabdin.Histwelvedaughtersactedasaspurtohisgenius,andhelookedwith

Linesatisfactioninthemirroreachmorningatthefaceof

5awarriorgoingouttodobattle.Nawabofcourseknewthathemustproliferatehissourcesofrevenue—thesalaryhereceivedfromK.K.Harounifortendingthetubewellswouldnotevenbegintosuffice.Hesetupalittleone-roomflourmill,runoff

10acondemnedelectricmotor—condemnedbyhim.Hetriedhishandatfish-farminginalittlepondattheedgeofhismaster’sfields.Heboughtbrokenradios,fixedthem,andresoldthem.Hedidnotdemurevenwhenaskedtofixwatches,thoughthat

15enterprisedidspectacularlybadly,andinfactearnedhimmorekicksthankudos,fornowatchhetookaparteverkepttimeagain.

K.K.Harounirarelywenttohisfarms,butlivedmostlyinLahore.Whenevertheoldmanvisited,

20Nawabwouldplacehimselfnightanddayatthedoorleadingfromtheservants’sittingareaintothewalledgroveofancientbanyantreeswheretheoldfarmhousestood.Grizzled,hispeculiaraviator

glassesbentandsmudged,Nawabtendedthe

25householdmachinery,theairconditioners,waterheaters,refrigerators,andwaterpumps,likeanengineertendingtheboilersonafounderingsteamerinanAtlanticgale.ByhissuperhumaneffortshealmostmanagedtomaintainK.K.Harouniinthe

30samemechanicalcocoon,cooledandbathedandlightedandfed,thatthelandownerenjoyedinLahore.

Harouniofcoursebecamefamiliarwiththisubiquitousman,whonotonlyaccompaniedhimon

35histoursofinspection,butmorningandnightcouldbefoundstandingonthemasterbedrewiringthelightfixtureorinthebathroompokingatthewaterheater.Finally,oneeveningatteatime,gaugingthepsychologicalmoment,Nawabaskedifhemightsay

40aword.Thelandowner,whowascheerfullyfilinghisnailsinfrontofacracklingrosewoodfire,toldhimtogoahead.

“Sir,asyouknow,yourlandsstretchfromheretotheIndus,andontheselandsarefullyseventeentube

45wells,andtotendtheseseventeentubewellsthereisbutoneman,me,yourservant.InyourserviceIhaveearnedthesegrayhairs”—herehebowedhisheadtoshowthegray—“andnowIcannotfulfillmydutiesasIshould.Enough,sir,enough.Ibegyou,forgive

50memyweakness.Betteradarkenedhouseandproudhungerwithinthandisgraceinthelightofday.

Releaseme,Iaskyou,Ibegyou.”

Theoldman,wellaccustomedtothesesortsofspeeches,thoughnotusuallythisflorid,filedawayat

55hisnailsandwaitedforthebreezetostop.“What’sthematter,Nawabdin?”

“Matter,sir?Owhatcouldbethematterinyourservice.I’veeatenyoursaltforallmyyears.Butsir,onthebicyclenow,withmyoldlegs,andwiththe

60manyinjuriesI’vereceivedwhenheavymachineryfellonme—Icannotanylongerbicycleaboutlikeabridegroomfromfarmtofarm,asIcouldwhenIfirsthadthegoodfortunetoenteryouremployment.Ibegyou,sir,letmego.”

1

Themainpurposeofthefirstparagraphisto

characterizeNawabasalovingfather.

outlinethescheduleofatypicaldayinNawab’slife.

describeNawab’svariousmoneymaking

2

65 “Andwhat’sthesolution?”askedHarouni,seeingthattheyhadcometothecrux.Hedidn’tparticularlycareonewayortheother,exceptthatittouchedonhiscomfort—amatterofgreatinteresttohim.

“Well,sir,ifIhadamotorcycle,thenIcould

ventures.

contrastNawab’sandHarouni’slifestyles.

70somehowlimpalong,atleastuntilItrainupsomeyoungerman.”

Thecropsthatyearhadbeengood,Harounifeltexpansiveinfrontofthefire,andso,muchtothedisgustofthefarmmanagers,Nawabreceiveda

75brand-newmotorcycle,aHonda70.Heevenmanagedtoextractanallowanceforgasoline.

Themotorcycleincreasedhisstatus,gavehimweight,sothatpeoplebegancallinghim“Uncle,”andaskinghisopiniononworldaffairs,aboutwhichhe

80knewabsolutelynothing.Hecouldnowrangefurther,doingamuchwiderbusiness.Bestofall,nowhecouldspendeverynightwithhiswife,whohadbeggedtolivenotonthefarmbutnearherfamilyinFiroza,wherealsotheycouldeducateat

85leastthetwoeldestdaughters.AlongstraightroadranfromthecanalheadworksnearFirozaallthewaytotheIndus,throughtheheartoftheK.K.Harounilands.Nawabwouldflydownthisroadonhisnewmachine,withbagsandclothshangingfromevery

90knobandbrace,sothatthebike,whenhehitabump,seemedtobeflappingnumeroussmallvestigialwings;andwithhisgrinningface,asherolleduptowhichevertubewellneededservicing,withhisearsalmostblownoff,heshonewiththespeedofhis

95arrival.

Asusedinline16,“kicks”mostnearlymeans

thrills.

complaints.

jolts.

interests.

3

Theauthorusestheimageofanengineeratsea(lines23-28)mostlikelyto

suggestthatNawaboftendreamsofhavingamoreexcitingprofession.

highlightthefactthatNawab’sprimaryjobistotendtoHarouni’stubewells.

reinforcetheideathatNawabhashadmanydifferentoccupationsinhislife.

emphasizehowdemandingNawab’sworkforHarouniis.

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6

WhichchoicebestsupportstheclaimthatNawabperformshisdutiesforHarouniwell?

Lines28-32(“Byhis...Lahore”)

Lines40-42(“Thelandowner...ahead”)

Lines46-49(“Inyour...should”)

Line58(“I’ve...years”)

Nawabusestheword“bridegroom”(line62)mainlytoemphasizethathe’snolonger

inlove.

naive.

busy.

young.

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7

InthecontextoftheconversationbetweenNawabandHarouni,Nawab’scommentsinlines43-52(“Sir...begyou”)mainlyserveto

flatterHarounibymentioninghowvasthislandsare.

boasttoHarouniabouthowcompetentandreliableNawabis.

emphasizeNawab’sdiligenceandloyaltytoHarouni.

notifyHarounithatNawabintendstoquithisjobtendingthetubewells.

ItcanreasonablybeinferredfromthepassagethatHarouniprovidesNawabwithamotorcyclemainlybecause

HarouniappreciatesthatNawabhastoworkhardtosupporthisfamily.

HarouniseesbenefittohimselffromgivingNawabamotorcycle.

Nawab’sspeechisthemosteloquentthatHarounihaseverheard.

NawabthreatenstoquitifHarounidoesn’tagreetogivehimamotorcycle.

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Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

Lines65-66(“And...crux”)

Lines66-68(“Hedidn’t...him”)

Lines75-76(“Heeven...gasoline”)

Lines80-81(“Hecould...business”)

Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesNawabconsidertobethebestresultofgettingthemotorcycle?

Peoplestartcallinghim“Uncle.”

He’sabletoexpandhisbusiness.

He’sabletoeducatehisdaughters.

Hecanspendmoretimewithhiswife.

9

ThepassagestatesthatthefarmmanagersreacttoNawabreceivingamotorcyclewith

disgust.

happiness.

envy.

indifference.

2VFTUJPOT11-21BSFCBTFEPOUIFGPMMPXJOHQBTTBHFBOETVQQMFNFOUBSZNBUFSJBM.

ThispassageisadaptedfromStephenColeman,ScottAnthony,andDavidE.Morrison,“PublicTrustintheNews.”

©2009byStephenColeman.

Thenewsisaformofpublicknowledge.

Unlikepersonalorprivateknowledge(suchasthehealthofone’sfriendsandfamily;theconductofa

Lineprivatehobby;asecretliaison),publicknowledge

5increasesinvalueasitissharedbymorepeople.Thedateofanelectionandtheclaimsofrivalcandidates;thecausesandconsequencesofanenvironmental

Editorsareincreasinglycastingaglanceatthe“mostread”listsontheirownandotherwebsites

45 toworkoutwhichstoriesmattertoreadersandviewers.Andnowtheaudience—whichusedtoknowitsplace—isbeingaskedtoactasakindofjournalisticombudsman,rulingonourcredibility(broadcastjournalist,2008).

50 TheresultofdemocratisingaccesstoTVnewscouldbepoliticaldisengagementbythemajorityandadumbingdownthroughapopularitycontestofstories(onlinenewseditor,2007).

Despitetherhetoricalblusterofthesestatements,

disaster;adebateabouthowtoframeaparticularlaw;thelatestreportsfromawarzone—theseareall

10examplesofpublicknowledgethatpeoplearegenerallyexpectedtoknowinordertobeconsideredinformedcitizens.Thus,incontrasttopersonalorprivateknowledge,whichisgenerallylefttoindividualstopursueorignore,publicknowledgeis

15promotedeventothosewhomightnotthinkitmatterstothem.Inshort,thecirculationofpublicknowledge,includingthenews,isgenerallyregardedasapublicgoodwhichcannotbesolely

demand-driven.

55theyamounttomorethanstraightforwardprofessionaldefensiveness.Intheirreferencetoanaudience“whichusedtoknowitsplace”andconflationbetweendemocratisationand“dumbingdown,”theyareseekingtoargueforaparticular

60modeofpublicknowledge:onewhichisshapedbyexperts,immunefrompopulistpressures;anddisseminatedtoattentive,butmainlypassiverecipients.Itisaviewofcitizenshipthatclosesdownopportunitiesforpopularinvolvementinthemaking

65ofpublicknowledgebyreinforcingtheprofessional

claimsofexperts.Thejournalistsquotedaboveare

20 Theproduction,circulation,andreceptionofpublicknowledgeisacomplexprocess.Itis

generallyacceptedthatpublicknowledgeshouldbeauthoritative,butthereisnotalways

commonagreementaboutwhatthepublicneedsto

righttofeeluneasy,forthereis,atalmosteveryinstitutionallevelincontemporarysociety,scepticismtowardstheepistemologicalauthorityof

70expertelites.Thereisagrowingfeeling,asexpressed

byseveralofourfocusgroupparticipants,thatthe

25know,whoisbestplacedtorelateandexplainit,andhowauthoritativereputationsshouldbedeterminedandevaluated.Historically,newspaperssuchasTheTimesandbroadcasterssuchastheBBCwerewidelyregardedasthetrustedshapersofauthoritative

30agendasandconventionalwisdom.TheyembodiedtheOxfordEnglishDictionary’sdefinitionofauthorityasthe“powerover,ortitletoinfluence,theopinionsofothers.”Aspartofthegeneralprocessofthetransformationofauthoritywherebytherehas

35beenareluctancetouncriticallyaccepttraditionalsourcesofpublicknowledge,thedemandhasbeenforallauthoritytomakeexplicittheframesofvaluewhichdeterminetheirdecisions.Centresofnewsproduction,asourfocusgroupsshow,havenotbeen

40exemptfromthisprocess.Notsurprisinglyperhapssomenewsjournalistsfeeluneasyaboutthisrenegotiationoftheirauthority:

newsmediashouldbe“informativeratherthanauthoritative”;thejobofjournalistsshouldbeto“givethenewsasrawasitis,withoutputtingtheir

75slantonit”;andpeopleshouldbegiven“sufficientinformation”fromwhich“wewouldbeabletoformopinionsofourown.”

Atstakeherearetwodistinctconceptionsofauthority.Thejournalistswehavequotedare

80resistanttothedemocratisationofnews:

thesupremacyoftheclickstream(accordingtowhicheditorsraiseorlowertheprofileofstoriesaccordingtothenumberofreadersclickingonthemonline);theparityofpopularculturewith“serious”

85news;thedemandsofsomeaudiencemembersforrawnewsratherthanconstructednarratives.

PercentageofRespondentsSeeingNewsStoriesasInaccurateorFavoringOneSide

19851992200320072011

Newsorganizations...

Getthefacts 55 49 36 39 25

straight

Oftenhave

inaccurate 34 44 56 53 66

stories

Don’tknow 11 7 8 8 9

Areprettyindependent

Areofteninfluencedbypowerfulpeopleandorganizations

Don’tknow

37

53

10

35

58

7

23

70

7

23

69

8

15

80

5

Onpoliticalandsocialissues,newsorganizations...

Dealfairly 34 31 26 26 16

withallsides

Tendtofavor 53 63 66 66 77

oneside

Don’tknow 13 6 8 8 7

Adaptedfrom“PewResearchCenterforthePeople&thePressReportonViewsoftheNewsMedia,1985–2011.”©2011byPewResearchCenter.

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14

Themainpurposeofthepassageisto

analyzethetechnologicaldevelopmentsthathaveaffectedtheproduction,circulation,andreceptionofnewsstories.

discusschangesintheperceptionofthenewsmediaasasourceofpublicknowledge.

showhowjournalists’framesofvalueinfluencetheproductionofnewsstories.

challengetheconventionalviewthatnewsisaformofpublicknowledge.

12

Accordingtothepassage,whichexpectationdotraditionalauthoritiesnowface?

Theyshouldbeuninfluencedbycommercialconsiderations.

Theyshouldbecommittedtobringingaboutpositivesocialchange.

Theyshouldberespectfulofthedifferencebetweenpublicandprivateknowledge.

Theyshouldbetransparentabouttheirbeliefsandassumptions.

13

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

Lines2-5(“Unlike...people”)

Lines20-21(“Theproduction...process”)

Lines33-38(“Aspart...decisions”)

Lines43-46(“Editors...viewers”)

Asusedinline24,“common”mostnearlymeans

numerous.

familiar.

widespread.

ordinary.

15

Theauthorsmostlikelyincludetheextendedquotationsinlines43-53to

presentcontradictoryexamples.

citerepresentativeopinions.

criticizetypicalviewpoints.

suggestviablealternatives.

16

Theauthorsindicatethatthepubliciscomingtobelievethatjournalists’reportsshouldavoid

personaljudgmentsabouttheeventsreported.

moreinformationthanisabsolutelynecessary.

quotationsfromauthoritiesonthesubjectmatter.

detailsthatthesubjectsofnewsreportswishtokeepprivate.

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20

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

Lines12-16(“Thus...them”)

Lines30-33(“They...others”)

Lines40-42(“Notsurprisingly...authority”)

Lines70-77(“There...own”)

18

Asusedinline74,“raw”mostnearlymeans

unfiltered.

exposed.

harsh.

inexperienced.

19

Basedonthetable,inwhichyearwerepeoplethemosttrustingofthenewsmedia?

A)1985

B)1992

C)2003

D)2011

Whichstatementisbestsupportedbyinformationpresentedinthetable?

Between1985and2011,theproportionofinaccuratenewsstoriesrosedramatically.

Between1992and2003,theproportionofpeoplewhobelievedthatnewsorganizationswerebiasedalmostdoubled.

Between2003and2007,people’sviewsoftheaccuracy,independence,andfairnessofnewsorganizationschangedverylittle.

Between2007and2011,people’sperceptionthatnewsorganizationsareaccurateincreased,butpeople’sperceptionthatnewsorganizationsarefairdiminished.

21

The2011datainthetablebestserveasevidenceof

“politicaldisengagementbythemajority”(line51).

“theprofessionalclaimsofexperts”(lines65-66).

“scepticismtowardstheepistemologicalauthorityofexpertelites”(lines69-70).

“thesupremacyoftheclickstream”(line81).

2VFTUJPOT22-32BSFCBTFEPOUIFGPMMPXJOHQBTTBHF.

ThispassageisadaptedfromElsaYoungsteadt,“DecodingaFlower’sMessage.”©2012bySigmaXi,TheScientificResearchSociety.

Texasgourdvinesunfurltheirlarge,flaredblossomsinthedimhoursbeforesunrise.Untiltheycloseatnoon,theiryellowpetalsandmild,squashy

Linearomaattractbeesthatgathernectarandshuttle

5pollenfromflowertoflower.But“whenyouadvertise[topollinators],youadvertiseinanopencommunicationnetwork,”sayschemical

ecologistIanBaldwinoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforChemicalEcologyinGermany.“Youattractnotjust

10thegoodguys,butyoualsoattractthebadguys.”ForaTexasgourdplant,stripedcucumberbeetlesareamongtheverybadguys.Theychewuppollenandpetals,defecateintheflowersandtransmitthedreadedbacterialwiltdisease,aninfectionthatcan

15reduceanentireplanttoaheapofcollapsedtissueinmeredays.

Inonerecentstudy,NinaTheisandLynnAdlertookonthespecificproblemoftheTexas

Theresearchersalsowantedtoknowwhetherextrabeetleswouldimposeadoublecostbybothdamagingflowersanddeterringbees,whichmightnotbothertovisit(andpollinate)aflowerladenwith

45otherinsectsandtheirfeces.Soeveryhalfhourthroughouttheexperiments,theteampluckedallthebeetlesoffofhalfthefragrance-enhancedflowersandhalfthecontrolflowers,allowingbeestorespondtotheblossomswithandwithoutinterferenceby

50beetles.

Finally,theypollinatedbyhandhalfofthefemaleflowersineachofthefourcombinationsoffragranceandbeetles.Hand-pollinatedflowersshoulddevelopintofruitswiththemaximumnumberofseeds,

55providingabenchmarktoseewhetherthefragrance-relatedactivitiesofbeesandbeetlesresultedinreducedpollination.

“Itwasverylaborintensive,”saysTheis.

“Wewouldbeoutthereatfourinthemorning,three

60inthemorning,totryandsetupbeforetheseflowersopen.”Assoonastheydid,theteamspentthenextseveralhourswalkingfromflowertoflower,observingeachfortwo-minuteintervals“andwriting

downeverythingwesaw.”

gourd—howtoattractenoughpollinatorsbutnot

20toomanybeetles.TheTexasgourdvine’smainpollinatorsarehoneybeesandspecializedsquashbees,whichrespondtoitsfloralscent.Thearomaincludes10compounds,butthemost

65 Whattheysawwasdoublethenormalnumberofbeetlesonfragrance-enhancedblossoms.Pollinators,totheirsurprise,didnotpreferthehighlyscentedflowers.Squashbeeswereindifferent,andhoneybeesvisitedenhancedflowerslessoften

abundant—andtheonlyonethatluressquashbees

25intotraps—is1,4-dimethoxybenzene.

Intuitionsuggeststhatmoreofthataromashouldbeevenmoreappealingtobees.“Wehavethisassumptionthatareallyfragrantflowerisgoingto

70thannormalones.Theisthinksthebeeswererepellednotbythefragranceitself,butbytheabundanceofbeetles:Thedatashowedthatthemorebeetlesonaflower,thelesslikelyahoneybeewastovisitit.

attractalotofpollinators,”saysTheis,achemical

30ecologistatElmsCollegeinChicopee,Massachusetts.But,sheadds,thatideahasn’treallybeentested—andextrascentcouldwellcallinmorebeetles,too.Tofindout,sheandAdlerplanted

75 Thataddeduptolessreproductionfor

fragrance-enhancedflowers.Gourdsthatdevelopedfromthoseblossomsweighed9percentlessandhad,onaverage,20fewerseedsthanthosefromnormal

flowers.Handpollinationdidn’trescuetheseedset,

168TexasgourdvinesinanIowafieldand,

35throughouttheAugustfloweringseason,madehalftheplantsmorefragrantbytuckingdimethoxybenzene-treatedswabsdeepinsidetheirflowers.Eachtreatedfloweremittedabout45timesmorefragrancethananormalone;theotherhalfof

40theplantsgotswabswithoutfragrance.

80indicatingthatbeetlesdamagedflowersdirectly

—regardlessofwhethertheyalsorepelledpollinators.(Handpollinationdidrescuefruitweight,ahard-to-interpretresultthatsuggeststhatlostbeevisitsdidsomehowharmfruitdevelopment.)

85 ThenewresultsprovideareasonthatTexasgourdplantsneverevolvedtoproduceastrongerscent:“Ifyoureallyrampuptheodor,youdon’tgetmorepollinators,butyoucanreallygetrippedapartbyyourenemies,”saysRobRaguso,achemicalecologist

90atCornellUniversitywhowasnotinvolvedintheTexasgourdstudy.

22

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

discusstheassumptionsandreasoningbehindatheory.

describetheaim,method,andresultsofanexperiment.

presentandanalyzeconflictingdataaboutaphenomenon.

showtheinnovativenatureofaprocedureusedinastudy.

23

Aspresentedinthepassage,TheisandAdler’sresearchprimarilyreliedonwhichtypeofevidence?

Directobservation

Historicaldata

Experttestimony

Randomsampling

24

Whichstatementaboutstripedcucumberbeetlescanmostreasonablybeinferredfromthepassage?

TheyfeedprimarilyonTexasgourdplants.

Theyarelessattractedtodimethoxybenzenethanhoneybeesare.

Theyexperienceonlyminornegativeeffectsasaresultofcarryingbacterialwiltdisease.

TheyareattractedtothesamecompoundinTexasgourdscentthatsquashbeesare.

25

TheauthorindicatesthatitseemsinitiallyplausiblethatTexasgourdplantscouldattractmorepollinatorsifthey

didnothavearomaticflowers.

targetedinsectsotherthanbees.

increasedtheirfloralscent.

emittedmorevariedfragrantcompounds.

26

28

Asusedinline38,“treated”mostnearlymeans

altered.

restored.

provided.

preserved.

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

Lines45-50(“Soevery...beetles”)

Lines51-53(“Finally...beetles”)

Lines59-61(“Wewould...open”)

Lines76-79(“Gourds...flowers”)

27

WhatdidTheisandAdlerdoaspartoftheirstudythatmostdirectlyallowedTheistoreasonthat“beeswererepellednotbythefragranceitself”

(lines70-71)?

Theyobservedthebehaviorofbeesandbeetlesbothbeforeandaftertheflowersopenedinthemorning.

Theyincreasedthepresenceof

1,4-dimethoxybenzeneonlyduringtheAugustfloweringseason.

Theycomparedthegourdsthatdevelopedfromnaturallypollinatedflowerstothegourdsthatdevelopedfromhand-pollinatedflowers.

Theygavebeesachancetochoosebetweenbeetle-freeenhancedflowersandbeetle-freenormalflowers.

29

Theprimaryfunctionoftheseventhandeighthparagraphs(lines65-84)isto

summarizeTheisandAdler’sfindings.

describeTheisandAdler’shypotheses.

illustrateTheisandAdler’smethods.

explainTheisandAdler’sreasoning.

30

31

Indescribingsquashbeesas“indifferent”(line68),theauthormostlikelymeansthatthey

couldnotdistinguishenhancedflowersfromnormalflowers.

visitedenhancedflowersandnormalflowersatanequalrate.

largelypreferrednormalflowerstoenhancedflowers.

wereaslikelytovisitbeetle-infestedenhancedflowersastovisitbeetle-freeenhancedflowers.

Accordingtothepassage,TheisandAdler’sresearchoffersananswertowhichofthefollowingquestions?

HowcanTexasgourdplantsincreasethenumberofvisitstheyreceivefrompollinators?

WhyisthereanupperlimitontheintensityofthearomaemittedbyTexasgourdplants?

Whydoeshandpollinationrescuethefruitweightofbeetle-infestedTexasgourdplants?

WhydoTexasgourdplantsstopproducingfragranceattractivetopollinatorswhenbeetlesarepresent?

32

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

Lines17-20(“Inone...beetles”)

Lines22-25(“Thearoma...1,4-dimethoxybenzene”)

Lines79-84(“Hand...development”)

Lines85-86(“Thenew...scent”)

2VFTUJPOT33-42BSFCBTFEPOUIFGPMMPXJOHQBTTBHFT.

Passage1isadaptedfromAbrahamLincoln,“AddresstotheYoungMen’sLyceumofSpringfield,Illinois.”Originallydeliveredin1838.Passage2isfromHenryDavidThoreau,“ResistancetoCivilGovernment.”Originallypublished

in1849.

1BTTBHF1

LeteveryAmerican,everyloverofliberty,everywellwishertohisposterity,swearbythebloodoftheRevolution,nevertoviolateintheleastparticular,

Linethelawsofthecountry;andnevertotoleratetheir

5violationbyothers.Asthepatriotsofseventy-sixdidtothesupportoftheDeclarationofIndependence,sotothesupportoftheConstitutionandLaws,letevery

Thereisnogrievancethatisafitobjectofredressbymoblaw.Inanycasethatarises,asforinstance,thepromulgationofabolitionism,oneoftwopositionsisnecessarilytrue;thatis,thethingisright

40withinitself,andthereforedeservestheprotectionofalllawandallgoodcitizens;or,itiswrong,andthereforepropertobeprohibitedbylegalenactments;andinneithercase,istheinterpositionofmoblaw,eithernecessary,justifiable,orexcusable.

1BTTBHF2

45 Unjustlawsexist;shallwebecontenttoobeythem,orshallweendeavortoamendthem,andobeythemuntilwehavesucceeded,orshallwetransgressthematonce?Mengenerally,undersuchagovernmentasthis,thinkthattheyoughttowait

Americanpledgehislife,hisproperty,andhissacredhonor;—leteverymanrememberthattoviolatethe

10law,istotrampleonthebloodofhisfather,andtotearthecharacterofhisown,andhischildren’sliberty.Letreverenceforthelaws,bebreathedbyeveryAmericanmother,tothelispingbabe,thatprattlesonherlap—letitbetaughtinschools,in

15seminaries,andincolleges;—letitbewritteninPrimers,spellingbooks,andinAlmanacs;—letitbepreachedfromthepulpit,proclaimedinlegislativehalls,andenforcedincourtsofjustice.And,inshort,letitbecomethepoliticalreligionofthenation;

20andlettheoldandtheyoung,therichandthepoor,thegraveandthegay,ofallsexesandtongues,andcolorsandconditions,sacrificeunceasinglyuponitsaltars

WhenIsopressinglyurgeastrictobservanceof

25allthelaws,letmenotbeunderstoodassayingtherearenobadlaws,northatgrievancesmaynotarise,fortheredressofwhich,nolegalprovisionshave

50untiltheyhavepersuadedthemajoritytoalterthem.

Theythinkthat,iftheyshouldresist,theremedywouldbeworsethantheevil.Butitisthefaultofthegovernmentitselfthattheremedyisworsethantheevil.Itmakesitworse.Whyisitnotmoreaptto

55anticipateandprovideforreform?Whydoesitnotcherishitswiseminority?Whydoesitcryandresistbeforeitishurt?...

Iftheinjusticeispartofthenecessaryfrictionofthemachineofgovernment,letitgo,letitgo;

60perchanceitwillwearsmooth—certainlythemachinewillwearout.Iftheinjusticehasaspring,orapulley,orarope,oracrank,exclusivelyforitself,thenperhapsyoumayconsiderwhethertheremedywillnotbeworsethantheevil;butifitisofsucha

65naturethatitrequiresyoutobetheagentofinjusticetoanother,then,Isay,breakthelaw.Letyourlifebeacounterfrictiontostopthe