C++上机实验报告实验四

-.z.实验四数组、指针与字符串实验目的1.学习使用数组2.学习字符串数据的组织和处理3.学习标准C++库的使用4.掌握指针的使用方法5.练习通过Debug观察指针的容及其所指的对象的容6.联系通过动态存分配实现动态数组，并体会指针在其中的作用7.分别使用字符数组和标准C++库练习处理字符串的方法实验要求1.编写并测试3*3矩阵转置函数，使用数组保存3*3矩阵。2.使用动态存分配生成动态数组来重新完成上题，使用指针实现函数的功能。3.编程实现两字符串的连接。要求使用字符数组保存字符串，不要使用系统函数。4.使用string类定义字符串对象，重新实现上一小题。5.定义一个Employee类，其中包括、街道地址、城市和等属性，以及change_name()和display()等函数。Display()显示、街道地址、城市和等属性，change_name()改变对象的属性。实现并测试这个类。6.定义包含5个元素的对象数组，每个元素都是Employee类型的对象。7.〔选做〕修改实验4中的选做实验中的people〔人员〕类。具有的属性如下：charname[11]、编号charnumber[7]、性别charse*[3]、生日birthday、号charid[16]。其中“出生日期〞定义为一个“日期〞类嵌对象。用成员函数实现对人员信息的录入和显示。要求包括：构造函数和析构函数、拷贝构造函数、联成员函数、聚集。在测试程序中定义people类的对象数组，录入数据并显示。实验容及实验步骤1.编写矩阵转置函数，输入参数为3*3整形数组，使用循环语句实现矩阵元素的行列对调，注意在循环语句中终究需要对哪些元素进展操作，编写main〔〕函数实现输入、输出。程序名：lab6_1.cpp。2.改写矩阵转置函数，参数为整型指针，使用指针对数组元素进展操作，在main〔〕函数中使用new操作符分配存生成动态数组。通过Debug观察指针的容及其所指的对象中的容。程序名：lab6_2.cpp。3.编程实现两字符串的连接。定义字符数组保存字符串，在程序中提示用户输入两个字符串，实现两个字符串的连接，最后用cout语句显示输出。程序名：lab6_3.cpp。用cin实现输入，注意，字符串的完毕标志是ASCII码0，使用循环语句进展字符串间的字符拷贝。4.使用string类定义字符串对象，编程实现两字符串的连接。在string类中已重载了运算符“+=〞实现字符串的连接，可以使用这个功能。程序名：lab6_4.cpp。5.在employee.h文件中定义Employee类。Employee类具有、街道地址、城市和等私有数据成员，在成员函数中，构造函数用来初始化所有数据成员;display()中使用cout显示、街道地址、城市和等属性，change_name()改变类中表示属性的数据成员。在主程序中定义这个类的对象并对其进展操作。程序名：lab6_5.cpp。6.使用上一小题中定义的Employee类定义对象数组emp[5]，使用循环语句把数据显示出来。程序名：lab6_6.cpp。4.思考题1.如何存储和处理字符串？〔1〕可以利用字符数组存储和处理字符串；〔2〕利用系统提供的string类存储和处理字符串。2.头文件<string.h>和头文件<string>有何区别？包含头文件<string.h>后，可以使用系统的字符串处理函数，如strcat〔连接〕.strcpy〔复制〕.strcmp〔比拟〕.strlen〔求长度〕.strlwr〔转换为小写〕.strupr〔转换为大写〕等等；而包含头文件<string>后，则可以定义string类，并且使用系统提供的string类操作符对string类型的对象进展处理。3.有几种方法来表示和处理数组元素？〔1〕数组下标方法，如a[i]〔2〕指针的方法，如int*p=&a[0]5.源程序*include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;inta[3][3];voidshowTrans(){inti,j;cout<<"Thetranspositionmatri*is:"<<endl;for(j=0;j<3;j++){for(i=0;i<3;i++){cout<<a[i][j];cout<<"";}cout<<endl;}}voidinput(){inti,j;cout<<"Pleaseinputyour3*3matri*:"<<endl;for(i=0;i<3;i++){for(j=0;j<3;j++){cin>>a[i][j];}}}intmain(){input();showTrans();return0;}*include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;int*p[9];voidshowTrans(){inti,j;cout<<"Thetranspositionmatri*is:"<<endl;for(i=0;i<3;i++){for(j=i;j<9;j=j+3){cout<<*p[j];cout<<"";}cout<<endl;}}voidinput(){inti,n;cout<<"Pleaseinputyour3*3matri*:"<<endl;for(i=0;i<9;i++){cin>>n;p[i]=newint(n);}}intmain(){input();showTrans();inti;for(i=0;i<9;i++){deletep[i];}return0;}*include<iostream>//不使用系统自带函数strcpyusingnamespacestd;chara[20]={"/0"},b[20]={"/0"},c[45]={"/0"};intmain(){inti,j,k;cout<<"Inputthefirststring:"<<endl;cin.getline(a,20,'\n');cout<<"Inputthesecondstring:"<<endl;cin.getline(b,20,'\n');intm=0,n=0;//将数组a中的字符串拷贝到数组c中for(k=0;k<45,a[m]!='\0';k++,m++){c[k]=a[m];}//将数组b中的字符串接着a，拷贝到数组c中for(;k<45,b[n]!='\0';k++,n++){c[k]=b[n];}cout<<c;return0;}lab6_4.cpp*include<iostream>*include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;chara[20]={"/0"},b[20]={"/0"};intmain(){cout<<"Inputthefirststring:"<<endl;cin.getline(a,20,'\n');cout<<"Inputthesecondstring:"<<endl;cin.getline(b,20,'\n');strings1=a;strings2=b;strings3=s1+s2;cout<<s3;return0;}Employee.h*ifndefEmployee_H_INCLUDED*defineEmployee_H_INCLUDEDclassEmployee{private:charname[15];charaddress[25];charcity[10];intpostcode;public:Employee();Employee(charn,chara,charc,intp);~Employee();voidchange_name();voidchange_address();voidchange_city();voidchange_postcode();voiddisplay();};*endif//Employee_H_INCLUDEDEmployee.cpp*include<iostream>*include"Employee.h"usingnamespacestd;Employee::Employee(){}Employee::Employee(charn,chara,charc,intp){name[0]=n;name[1]='\0';address[0]=a;address[1]='\0';city[0]=c;city[1]='\0';postcode=p;}Employee::~Employee(){}voidEmployee::change_name(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedname:"<<endl;cin.getline(name,15,'\n');}voidEmployee::change_address(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedaddress:"<<endl;cin.getline(address,25,'\n');}voidEmployee::change_city(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedcity:"<<endl;cin.getline(city,10,'\n');}voidEmployee::change_postcode(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedpostcode:"<<endl;cin>>postcode;}voidEmployee::display(){cout<<"Yourinformationshowsasfollow:"<<endl;cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;cout<<"address:"<<address<<endl;cout<<"city:"<<city<<endl;cout<<"postcode:"<<postcode<<endl;}intmain(){Employeeperson(1,1,1,1);person.display();person.change_name();person.change_address();person.change_city();person.change_postcode();person.display();return0;}*ifndefEmployee_H_INCLUDED*defineEmployee_H_INCLUDEDclassEmployee{private:charname[15];charaddress[25];charcity[10];intpostcode;public:Employee();Employee(charn,chara,charc,intp);~Employee();voidchange_name();voidchange_address();voidchange_city();voidchange_postcode();voiddisplay();};*endif//Employee_H_INCLUDEDEmployee.cpp*include<iostream>*include"Employee.h"usingnamespacestd;Employee::Employee(){}Employee::Employee(charn,chara,charc,intp){name[0]=n;name[1]='\0';address[0]=a;address[1]='\0';city[0]=c;city[1]='\0';postcode=p;}Employee::~Employee(){}voidEmployee::change_name(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedname:"<<endl;cin.getline(name,15,'\n');}voidEmployee::change_address(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedaddress:"<<endl;cin.getline(address,25,'\n');}voidEmployee::change_city(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedcity:"<<endl;cin.getline(city,10,'\n');}voidEmployee::change_postcode(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedpostcode:"<<endl;cin>>postcode;}voidEmployee::display(){cout<<"Yourinformationshowsasfollow:"<<endl;cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;cout<<"address:"<<address<<endl;cout<<"city:"<<city<<endl;cout<<"postcode:"<<postcode<<endl;}intmain(){Employeeemp[5]={Employee(1,1,1,1),Employee(2,2,2,2),Employee(3,3,3,3),Employee(4,4,4,4),Employee(5,5,5,5)};inti;for(i=0;i<5;i++){emp[i].display();emp[i].change_name();emp[i].change_address();emp[i].change_city();emp[i].change_postcode();cin.get();}for(i=0;i<5;i++){cout<<"Theemp"<<i<<"";emp[i].display();}return0;}7.*include<iostream>*include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;//Date类classDate{private: intyear; intmonth; intday;public: Date(); Date(inty,intm,intd); Date(Date&p); ~Date(); voidsetDate(); voidshowDate();};//People类，其中含Date类型的数据classPeople{private: charname[11]; charnumber[7]; charse*[3]; Datebirthday; charid[16];public: People(); People(char*n,char*nu,char*s,Dateb,char*i); People(People&p); ~People(); voidsetName(); voidsetNumber(); voidsetSe*(); voidsetId(); voidshowPeople();};//Date构造函数Date::Date(){}Date::Date(inty,intm,intd) { year=y; month=m; day=d; }Date::Date(Date&p){ year=p.year; month=p.month; day=p.day;}//析构inlineDate::~Date(){}//Date成员函数，设置出生年月日voidDate::setDate() { inty,m,d; cout<<"Inputtheyear:"; cin>>y; cout<<"Inputthemonth:"; cin>>m; cout<<"Inputtheday:"; cin>>d; year=y; month=m; day=d; }//Date联成员函数，输出年月日inlinevoidDate::showDate() { cout<<"Birthdayis"<<year<<"年"<<month<<"月"<<day<<"日"<<endl; }//People构造函数People::People(){};People::People(char*n,char*nu,char*s,Dateb,char*i){strcpy(name,n); strcpy(number,nu); strcpy(se*,s); birthday=b; strcpy(id,i);}People::People(People&p){ strcpy(name,); strcpy(number,p.number); birthday=p.birthday; strcpy(id,p.id);}//People析构inlinePeople::~People(){}//People成员函数，设置各类数据voidPeople::setName(){ cout<<"Pleaseinputtheperson'sname:"; cin.getline(name,11,'\n');}voidPeople::setNumber(){ cout<<"Inputnumber:"; cin.getline(number,7,'\n');}voidPeople::setSe*(){cout<<"Inputse*:"; cin.getlin