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剑11听力test3文本
Section1
Goodmorning.ThisisBurnhamtouristoffice,Martinspeaking.
Oh,hello.Isawaposteraboutfreethingstodointhearea,
anditsaidpeopleshouldphoneyouforinformation.
I'mcomingtoBurnhamwithmyhusbandandtwochildrenforafewdaysonJune27th,orpossibly28th,
andI'dlikesomeideasforthingstodoon29th.
Yes,ofcourse.OK.Thenlet'sstartwithacoupleofeventsespeciallyforchildren.
Theartgalleryisholdinganeventcalled'FamilyWelcome'thatday,
whenthereareactivitiesandtrailstousethroughoutthegallery.
Thatsoundsinteresting.Whattimedoesitstart?
Thegalleryopensat10,andthe'FamilyWelcome'eventrunsfrom10.30until2o'clock.
Thegallerystaysopenuntil5.
Andseveraltimesduringtheday,they'regoingtoshowashortfilmthatthegalleryhasproduced.
Itdemonstrateshowceramicsaremade,andthere'llbeequipmentandmaterialsforchildrentohaveagothemselves.
Lasttimetheyrantheevent,therewasafilmaboutpainting,
whichwentdownverywellwiththechildren,andthey'renowworkingononeaboutsculpture.
Ilikethesoundofthat.AndwhatothereventshappeninBurnham?
Well,doyouallenjoylisteningtomusic?-Oh,yes.
Well,thereareseveralfreeconcertstakingplaceatdifferenttimes
oneortwointhemorning,themajorityatlunchtime,andacoupleintheevening.
AndtheyrangefrompopmusictoLatinAmerican.
TheLatinAmericancouldbefun.Whattimeisthat?
It'sbeingrepeatedseveraltimes,indifferentplaces.
They'reperforminginthecentrallibraryat1o'clock,thenat4it'sintheCityMuseum,
andintheevening,at7.30,there'salongerconcert,inthetheatre.
Right.I'llsuggestthattotherestofthefamily.
Somethingelseyoumightbeinterestedinistheboatracealongtheriver.
Oh,yes,dotellmeaboutthat.
TheracestartsatOffordMarina,tothenorthofBurnham,andgoesasfarasSummerPool.
ThebestplacetowatchitfromisCharlesworthBridge,thoughthatdoesgetrathercrowded.
Andwho'stakingpart?
Well,localboatclubs,butthestandardisveryhigh.
OneofthemcamefirstintheWestofEnglandregionalchampionshipinMaythisyear
itwasthefirsttimeateamfromBurnhamhaswon.
Itmeansthatnextyearthey'llberepresentingtheregioninthenationalchampionship.
NowI'veheardsomethingaboutPaxtonNatureReserve.
It'sagoodplaceforspottingunusualbirds,isn'tit'?
That'sright—throughouttheyear.
Thereisalakethereaswellasariver,andtheyprovideaveryattractivehabitat.
Soit'sagoodideatobringbinocularsifyouhavethem.
Andjustatthemomentyoucanseevariousflowersthatareprettyunusual
thesoilatPaxtonisn'tverycommon.They'relookinggoodrightnow.
Right.Myhusbandwillbeparticularlyinterestedinthat.
Andthere'sgoingtobeatalkandslideshowaboutmushrooms
andyou'llbeabletogooutandpicksomeafterwardsandstudythedifferentvarieties.
Uhuh.Andisitpossibleforchildrentoswimintheriver?
Yes.Partofithasbeenfencedofftomakeitsafeforchildrentoswimin.
It'sveryshallow,andthere'salifeguardondutywheneverit'sopen.
Thelakeistoodeep,soswimmingisn'tallowedthere.
OK,wemustremembertobringtheirswimmingthings,incasewegotoPaxton.
HowlongdoesittaketogettherebycarfromBurnham?
About20minutes,butparkingisverylimited,
soit'susuallymucheasiertogobybus—andittakesaboutthesametime.
Right.Well,I'lldiscusstheoptionswiththerestofthefamily.Thanksverymuchforallyourhelp.
You'rewelcome.
Goodbye.
Wewouldliketoenlargethebuildinginthenot-too-distantfuture,butthisisbynomeansdefinite.
There'snolimitonaccesstothenaturereserveontheedgeoftown,andthiswillcontinuetobethecase.
Whatwillchange,though,isthatthecouncilwillnolongerbeinchargeofthearea.
Insteaditwillbecometheresponsibilityofanationalbodythatadministersmostnaturereservesinthecountry.
OK,nowletmeaskyou...
Section3
Hello,
Helen.
Sorry
I'm
late.
Hi,
Jeremy,
no
problem.
Well
we'd
better
work
outwhere
we
are
on
our
project,
I
suppose.
Yeah.
I've
looked
at
the
drawings
you've
done
for
mystory,
'The
Forest',
and
I
think
they're
brilliant
—
they
really
createthe
atmosphere
I
had
in
mind
when
I
was
writing
it.
I'm
glad
you
like
them.
There
are
just
a
few
suggestions
I'd
like
to
make.
Go
ahead.
Now,
I'm
not
sure
about
the
drawing
of
the
cave
—it's
got
trees
all
around
it,
which
is
great,
but
the
drawing's
a
bit
too
static,
isn't
it?
I
think
it
needs
some
action.
Yes,
there's
nothing
happening.
Perhaps
I
should
add
the
boy
—
Malcolm,
isn't
it?
He
would
be
walking
up
to
it.
Yes,
let's
have
Malcolm
in
the
drawing.
And
what
about
putting
in
a
tiger—the
one
that
he
makes
friends
with
a
bit
later?
Maybe
it
could
be
sitting
under
a
tree
washing
itself.
And
the
tiger
stops
in
the
middle
of
what
it's
doing
when
it
sees
Malcolm
walking
past.
That's
a
good
idea.
OK,
I'll
have
a
go
at
that.
Then
there's
the
drawing
of
the
crowd
of
men
and
women
dancing.
They're
just
outside
the
forest,
and
there's
a
lot
going
on.
That's
right,
you
wanted
them
to
be
watching
a
carnival
procession,
but
I
thought
it
would
betoo
crowded.
Do
you
think
it
works
like
this?
Yes,
I
like
what
you've
done.
The
only
thing
is,
could
you
add
Malcolm
to
it,
without
changing
what's
already
there.
What
about
having
him
sitting
on
the
tree
trunk
on
the
right
of
the
picture?
Yes,
that
would
be
fine.
And
do
you
want
him
watching
the
other
people?
No,
he's
been
left
out
of
all
the
fun,
so
I'd
like
him
to
be
crying
that'll
contrast
nicely
with
the
next
picture,
where
he's
laughing
at
the
clowns
in
thecarnival.
Right,
I'll
do
that.
And
then
the
drawing
of
the
people
ice
skating
in
the
forest.
I
wasn't
too
happy
with
that
one.
Because
they're
supposed
to
be
skating
on
grass,
aren't
they?
That's
right,
and
it's
frozen
over.
At
the
moment
it
doesn't
look
quite
right.
Mm,
I
see
what
you
mean.
I'll
have
another
go
at
that.
And
I
like
the
wool
hats
they're
wearing.
Maybe
you
could
give
each
of
them
a
scarf
as
well.
Yeah,
that's
easy
enough.
They
can
be
streaming
out
behind
the
people
to
suggest
they're
skating
really
fast.
Mm,
great.
Well
that's
all
on
the
drawings.
Right.
So
you've
finished
writing
your
story
and
I
just
need
to
finish
illustrating
it,
and
my
story
and
your
drawings
are
done.
Sothenextthingistodecidewhatexactlyweneedtowriteaboutinthereportthatgoeswiththestories,andhowwe'regoingtodividethework.
Right,Helen.
Whatdoyouthinkaboutincludingasectiononhowweplannedtheprojectasawhole,Jeremy?
That'sprobablyquiteimportant.
Yeah.Well,you'vehadmostofthegoodideassofar.
Howdoyoufeelaboutdraftingsomething,thenwecangothroughittogetheranddiscussit?
OK,thatseemsreasonable.
AndIcouldincludesomethingonhowwecameupwiththeideasforourtwostories,couldn'tI?
WeIII'vestartedwritingsomethingaboutthatsowhydon'tyoudothesameandwecanincludethetwothings.
Right.Sowhataboutourinterpretationofthestories?
Doweneedtowriteaboutwhatwethinktheyshow,
likethevalueofhelpingotherpeople,allthatsortofthing?
That'sgonnacomeuplaterisn'tit?
Ithinkeveryoneintheclassisgoingtoreadeachother'sstories
andcomeupwiththeirowninterpretationswhichwe'regoingtodiscuss.
Oh,Imissedthat.
Soitisn'tgoingtobepartofthereportatall?
No.Butweneedtowriteabouttheillustrations,
becausethey'reanessentialelementofchildren'sexperienceofreadingthestories.
It'sprobablyeasiestforyoutowritethatsection,asyouknowmoreaboutdrawingthanIdo.
Maybe,butIfinditquitehardtowriteabout.
I'dbehappierifyoudidit.
OK.Sowhendoyouthink...
Section4
SowhatI'mgoingtotalkabouttoyoutodayissomethingcalledEthnography.
Thisisatypeofresearchaimedatexploringthewayhumancultureswork.
Itwasfirstdevelopedforuseinanthropology,andit'salsobeenusedinsociologyandcommunicationstudies.
Sowhat'sitgottodowithbusiness,youmayask.
Well,businessesarefindingthatethnographycanofferthemdeeperinsightintothepossibleneedsofcustomerseitherpresentorfuture
aswellasprovidingvaluableinformationabouttheirattitudestowardsexistingproducts.
Andethnographycanalsohelpcompaniestodesignnewproductsorservicesthatcustomersreallywant.
Let'slookatsomeexamplesofhowethnographicresearchworksinbusiness.
Oneteamofresearchersdidaprojectforacompanymanufacturingkitchenequipment.
Theywatchedhowcooksusedmeasuringcupstomeasureoutthingslikesugarandflour.
Theysawthatthecookshadtocheckandrecheckthecontents,
becausealthoughthemeasuringcupshadnumbersinsidethemthecookscouldn'tseetheseeasily.
Soanewdesignofcupwasdevelopedtoovercomethisproblem,anditwasatopseller.
AnotherteamofethnographicresearcherslookedathowcellphoneswereusedinUganda,inAfrica.
Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodidn'thavetheirownphonescouldpaytousethephonesoflocalentrepreneurs.
Becausethesecustomerspaidinadvancefortheircalls,theywereeagertoknowhowmuchtimethey'dspentonthecallsofar.
Sothephonecompanydesignedphonesforusegloballywiththisaddedfeature.
Ethnographicresearchhasalsobeencarriedoutincomputercompanies.
Inonecompany,ITsystemsadministratorswereobservedforseveralweeks.
Itwasfoundthatalargeamountoftheirworkinvolvedcommunicatingwithcolleaguesinordertosolveproblems,
butthattheydidn'thaveastandardwayofexchanginginformationfromspreadsheetsandsoon.
Sotheteamcameupwithanideaforsoftwarethatwouldhelpthemtodothis.
Inanotherpieceofresearch,ateamobservedandtalkedtonursesworkinginhospitals.
Thisledtotherecognitionthatthenursesneededtoaccessthecomputerrecordsoftheirpatientsnomatterwheretheywere.
Thisledtothedevelopmentofaportablecomputertabletthatallowedthenursestocheckrecordsinlocationsthroughoutthehospital.
Occasionally,researchcanbedoneeveninenvironmentswheretheresearcherscan'tbepresent.
Forexample,inoneprojectdoneforanairline,
respondentsusedtheirsmartphonestorecordinformationduringairlinetripsinastudyaimingattrackingtheemotionsofpassengersduringaflight.
Sowhatmakesstudieslikethesedifferentfromordinaryresearch?
Let'slookatsomeofthegeneralprinciplesbehindethnographicresearchinbusiness.
Firstofall,theresearcherhastobecompletelyopen-minded
heorshehasn'tthoughtupahypothesistobetested,asisthecaseinothertypesofresearch.
Insteadtheywaitfortheparticipantsintheresearchtoinformthem.
Asfaraschoosingtheparticipantsthemselvesisconcerned,that'snotreallyallthatdifferentfromordinaryresearch
thecriteriaaccordingtowhichtheparticipantsarechosenmaybesomethingassimpleastheagebrackettheyfallinto,
ortheresearchersmayselectthemaccordingtotheirincome,
ortheymighttrytofindasetofpeoplewhoalluseaparticularproduct,forexample.
Butit'sabsolutelycrucialtorecruittherightpeopleasparticipants.
AswellasthecriteriaI'vementioned,theyhavetobecomfortabletalkingaboutthemselvesandbeingwatchedastheygoabouttheiractivities.
Actually,mostresearcherssaythatpeopleopenupprettyeasily,maybebecausethey'r
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