语法-被动语态 外研版英语九年级上册

九年级上册语法-被动语态语态是英语中动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系。英语中的语态有_________和__________两种。主动语态的主语是动作的__________者，被动语态的主语是动作的__________者。一．被动语态的用法：1.不知道动作的执行者是谁或者很模糊时。Thewindowwasbrokenlastnight.2.为了强调或者突出动作的承受者时。LiLeiwaschosenasourmonitor.二．被动语态的结构：be+done(动词过去分词)请判断以下那些句子是被动语态。LiuXiangwasencouragedtotrainforthehighjump.()Childrenlikethisbook.()Weareeatinglunchnow.()Thebooksarereadbystudents.()Mybikehasbeenstolen.()各种时态的主动及被动语态形式：时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done一般过去时didwas/were+done现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdone过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+beendone过去完成时had+donehad+beendone一般将来时will/shall+dowill/shall+bedoneam/is/aregoingto+doam/is/aregoingto+bedone三．主动语态变被动语态的方法：将主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语。（注意人称代词宾格变成主格）将主动句的谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”形式，句子时态不变。将主动句的主语变为介词by的宾语。（注意主格变宾格）inChina.ChinesespeakWe主动语态inChina.ChinesespeakWeinChina.byusisspoinChina.byusisspokenChinese1.这本书被孩子们所喜爱。2.电脑每天都要被用到。3.这电影是叫白雪公主吗？四．被动语态的特殊结构1).动词后有两个宾语的，即直接宾语（物）和间接宾语(人)。有两种变法。givesbsth/givesthtosbsbbegivensthsthbegiventosbmakesbsth/makesthforsbsbbemadesthsthbemadeforsbe.gHegavemeabook.→Iwasgivenabook./Abookwasgiventome.2）.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，在主动语态中省去to,在变为被动语态时应加上to.即hear,watch,see,make,let,这些词在变被动句时必须加to.makesbdosth--sbbemadetodosth.seesbdosth—sbbeseentodosth.3）.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.speak【应用】speak将下面两个句子变成被动语态e.gWemadeBobourmonitor._______________________________e.gThestorymadeuslaugh._______________________________【注意：】1.只有包含及物动词的主动语态才能变为被动语态。Shesmiled.Hearrivedhomeatsixo’clock.在上面2个句子中，smile和arrive都是不及物动词，无法转变为被动语态。2.“主+系+表”结构没有被动语态。therebe句型没有被动语态。主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,draw,burn,cook等词作不及物动词且主语为物时，可用主动形式表被动含义。Thissweaterwasheswell.这件毛衣好洗。【专项练习】一．选择填空。1.Thereadingroom________yesterdayafternoon.A.cleanedB.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleaned2.Theworkersweremade________elevenhoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked3.Food________inacoolplaceinsummer.A.mustkeepB.mustn’tkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustn’tbekept4.Hisfather________toworkinHongKongfiveyearsago.A.sentB.wassentC.hassentD.hasbeensent5.Thepencil________well.A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing6.Greatchanges__