冀教版七年级英语上册期中复习专题四语法

20232024年七年级英语冀教版上册期中复习专题四：语法【重要语法复习】（一）be动词的用法be动词属于助动词，本身无实义，它仅仅是用来帮助主要动词构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构。be动词的现在式有三种形式am，is，are，表示“是”的意思。在具体使用时be动词要随人称及数的变化进行相应改变。am用于第一人称单数“我”，英文大写用“I”来表示。Iam的缩写形式为I’m。否定形式为I’mnot；is用于第三人称单数he，she，it，它也可用于单数名词或代词后面；are用于主语除去第一、第三人称以外的所有人称。Have动词的用法1.have是一个非常活跃的动词，有多种含义。have的主语是人称代词I，we，you，they和表示复数概念的名词，当主语是第三人称单数形式和单数名词时，要用其相应形式has。本单元主要讲的是have作为“有”的意思。其疑问式和否定式有两种形式：直接把have，has放到主语前，构成疑问式；直接在have，has后加not构成否定式；另外就是借助于助动词do或does构成。（二）人称代词(宾格与诸葛)与物主代词(形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词)表示“你”“我”“他／她／它”等的代词叫人称代词。它有人称、数、格的变化。在句中作主语的人称代词叫主格，作宾语的人称代词叫宾格。宾格一般作动词或介词的宾语。具体见下表：人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he/she/ithim/her/ittheythemIamveryshort.Heisverytall./Wealllikehim.注意：（1）第一人称代词I,在任何时候都大写。单数人称代词并列作主语时，其排列顺序一般为：第二人称→第三人称→第一人称，I常放在最后。JackandIarefromCanada.（2）人称代词侧重于“谁”人称代词主格趣记歌诀：我是I,你是you,它用it才用对。男他he,女她she,还有复数we,you,they.2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词人称单数复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称his/her/itshis/hers/itstheirtheirs形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，在句中放于名词前作定语。Thisismyhat.注意：（1）汉语中的“你姐姐”“我妈妈”等表达的是“你的姐姐”“我的妈妈”等，所以在翻译成英语时，一定要用your或my等形容词性物主代词。（三）可数名词变复数规则:1.概念可数名词是可以用数量计算的名词，有单数形式和复数形式。box→boxespencil→pencils情况构成例词一般情况加－sbook→bookseraser→erasers以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加－eswatch→watchesbrush→brushes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词先变y为i,再加－esfamily→familiesstrawberry→strawberries以f,fe结尾的名词先变f或fe为v,再加－esknife→knives2.变化规律（1)单复数同形，如：deer,sheep,fish.Chinese.（2)man→menwoman→womenfoot→feettoothteethchild→childrentomato→tomatoespotato*potatoes（3)集体名词：people,police等。（四）一般现在时态（1)表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。Igotoschooleveryday.（表示经常发生的动作）Heisalwayslikethat.（表示经常存在的状态）提示：此时常和always,often,usually,sometimes,everyday等表时间或频率的状语连用。（2)表示人的习惯、能力、职业、特征、性格等。Myfathergetsupveryearly.（表习惯）Marysingsverywell.（表能力）MissSmithteachesEnglish.（表职业）（3)表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理。Theearthmovesroundthesun.（表客观事实）Knowledgeispower.（表客观真理）（4)表示此时此刻发生的动作或存在的状态。Whattimeisitnow?/Theregoesthebell!（1)肯定句式：①主语＋be(am/is/are)+表语。Heisveryhappy.②主语（I/We/You/They)+实义动词原形＋其他。Ilikebananas.③主语（He/She/It)+实义动词第三人称单数形式＋其他。Hestayshome.注意：当主语是第一人称、第二人称、第三人称复数（代词或名词），谓语动词为实义动词时用原形(句式②).当主语是第三人称单数（代词或名词），谓语动词为实义动词时，要用其第三人称单数形式。(句式③)Ifeelhappy./Thegirlgoestoschoolbybike.（2)否定句式：①主语＋be(am/is/are)+not+表语．Heisn'tfifteenyearsold./Iamnotanewstudent.②主语（I/We/You/They)+don't+动词原形＋其他。Wedon'tlikeSichuanfood.③主语（He/She/It)+doesn't+动词原形＋其他。Shedoesn'tlikereadingbooks.（3)一般疑问句式及其简略回答：①含有连系动词be的一般疑问句，直接把be提到句首；肯定回答用yes,否定回答用no,后面接相应的简略答语。－Isthisanewbook?－Yes,itis.,itisn't./－Aretheyfriends?－Yes,theyare.,theyaren't.②含有实义动词的一般现在时，则需在句首加助动词Do（主语为第三人称单数时加Does),句中的实义动词必须用原形。其肯定回答用“Yes,主语＋do/does.”，否定回答用“No,主语＋don't/doesn't.”－Dotheyhavelunchatschool?－Yes,theydo.,theydon't.－Doesshehaveanewpen?－Yes,shedoes.,shedoesn't.助记：一般现在时用法歌诀学习一般现在时，基本用法要熟记；特征、性格和能力，客观事实与真理；发生动作经常性，存在状态和习惯：以上歌诀念一念，要想掌握多练习。【语法专练】（一）1．Mymother________ateacherandI________astudent.A．is;isB．is;areC．am;isD．is;am2．KateandI________readyforthenewhighschoollife.A．amB．isC．areD．be3．—Howmanypeoplearethereinyourgroup?—Four.Threeboys________inourgroup.A．isB．areC．amD．be4．Everyone________friendlyinmyschool.A．do B．does C．is D．are5．—Peter,________yourcousingoodatscience?—Yes,heis.Heoftenhelpsmewithmyscience.(中考·济南)do B．Does C．are D．is（二）1．Thanksforinviting________todinner,Nancy.Ireallyenjoyit.A．herB．himC．youD．me2．Couldyourecordtoday'sNBAbasketballgameforme?Icanwatch___later.A．oneB．myC．yourD．it3．—Hi,Michelle.Isthis________camera?—No.It'snotmine.Ithinkit'sTom's.(中考·德州)A．yourB．myC．hisD．her4.IfyouwanttolearnEnglishbetter,youcanmakefriendswithAmericanstudentsandoftentalkto________.(中考·贺州)A．theirB．theirsC．theyD．them5．—Dave,whereisMr.Black?—________isintheclassroom.A．He B．HimC．She D．Her6．It'stimefor________tobeginanewlife.A．they B．themC．their D．theirs7．MissSmith,anAmericanlady,hastaught________Englishforthreeyears.A．weB．usC．ourTomorrowisourteacher'sbirthdayandwearegoingtogive____abigsurprise.his B．him C．he D．himself9．UncleTomwilletovisit________nextSaturday.A．we B．usC．our D．ours10．—AreSandyandKate________goodfriends?—Yes,theyare.Pleaselookafter________.A．your;their B．your;themC．yours;theirsD．you;them11．Mybrotherlikespainting.It'soneof________hobbies(爱好).A．my B．herC．his D．your12．Everyonelikesmyfatherbecause________isfriendly.A．his B．himC．he D．himself13．Mr.Smithisveryfriendly.Wealllike________.A．she B．herC．him D．he14．—Where'syoursister?—Idon'tknow.Is________inthebedroom?A．he B．sheC．him D．her15．DaMingisaboy.________livesinabigcity.(中考·桂林)A．He B．She C．It（三）TheGreens________adaughter.A.has B．HaveC．is D．are7．MaryandLinda________blondhair.Theylookpretty.A．has B．haveC．is D．are8．________yourbrother________abaseball?A．Do;haveB．Do;hasC．Does;has D．Does;have9．I________arulerandmysister________aneraser.A．have;haveB．have;hasC．has;has D．has;have10．—Doeshe________anysoccerballs?—Yes,hedoes.He________four.A．have;have B．have;hasC．has;have D．has;has（四）1．—Mum,I'mhungry.MayIhavesome________？—Sure.Butdon'teattoomuch.(中考·怀化)A．hamburgersB．milksC．cake2．—Whatdoyoupreferforlunch,darling?—I'dlike________suchastomatoes,carrotsorcabbages.(中考·泰安)A．meatB．eggsC．vegetablesD．fruits3．—It'shottoday.Havesome________，please.—No,thanks.I'mnotthirsty(渴的)atall.water B．potatoesbread D．Cakes4.Afterdoingsports,you'dbetterhavesome______.Manypeopleconsideritahealthydrink.A．orangejuiceB．oranges C．Bananas5．Ihavean________forbreakfasteveryday.A．egg B．banana C．apples6．Iamhungry.I'dliketohavesome________.A．riceB．sandwichC．dumplingD．egg7．Ihadsome________，vegetablesandtwoeggsfordinner.A.rice B．noodleC．banana8．Doyouknowhowmany________youhave?A．tooths B．toothesC．teeth9．A:CanIhelpyou,madam?B:Iwant________.A．twoboxesofappleB．twoglassofwaterC．twobowlsofporridge10．—Wouldyoulikesome________？—Oh,yes,justalittle.A．rice B．carrotsC．eggs D．bananas（四）1．Look!Somevisitors________forthebusoverthere.A．arewaitingB．iswaitingC．waitingD．wait2．—MayIspeaktoMrs.Black?—Sorry,Mumcan'tetothephonenow.She________ashower.A．has B．hadC．ishaving D．washaving3．Alice,pleaseturndownthemusic.I________animportantphonenow.A．answer B．answeredC．haveanswered D．amanswering4．—Anita,whereisyourbrother?—He________outinthegardenwithagroupofkids.A．plays B．playedC．isplaying D．hasplayed5．—Hi,WangNing!How'stheweatherinHezenow?—Itisterrible.It________allthemorning.A．rains B．israining C．rained6．—Cathy,canyouanswerthedoor?I________theroom.—I'ming,Mum.A．clean B．cleanedC．havecleaned D．amcleaning7．Listen!Someone________inthenextroom.A．sings B．sangC．issinging D．wassinging8．Look!Simon________intheplayground.A．run B．runsC．isrunning D．Running9．—Howoftendoesyourfatherexercise?—He________threetimesaweek.A．willexercise B．exerciseC．exercised D．exercises10．Grace________thisgameeverytimeweplay.A．wins B．wonC．willwin D．haswon11．Manycitypeople________theirbikestoworkeveryday.A．ride B．willrideC．rode D．haveridden12．—Isyourmotherateacher?—Yes,sheis.She________atajuniorhighschool(初中).A．taught B．teachesC．willteach D．isteaching13．—Whatdoyouoftendoatweekends?—Ioften________mygrandparents.A．visit B．visitedC．havevisited D．willvisit二、适当形式填空（一）用be动词的适当形式填空1．They________mygoodfriends.2．Tom'smother________ateacher.3．How________yourparents?4．MybrotherandI________ontheplayground.5．This________notabiglibrary.6．You________agoodstudent.7．________yournameJenny?8．I________Jack'ssister.Here________aphotoofmyfamily.9．That________mybook.Where________yourbooks?10．Mycoat________onmybed.Apairofnewshoes________underthebed.（二）Tony'sfatheranduncleareboth________(policeman).Theyhelpkeepthecitysafe.2．SomepeoplelikereadingonWeChat,but________(other)don't.3．Manyparentsliketobuybooksaspresentsfortheir________(child)．4．Everyoneknowsthat________(library)areplacesforpeopletostudy.5．Inautumn,________(leaf)falldownfromthetrees.6．Ihavetwopencil________(box)．7．Oneofmy________(foot)ishurt.8．Wehavefour________(class)inthemorning.9．Je