山东省日照市2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

2021级高二下学期期末校际联合考试英语试题本试卷共四部分，共12页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的条形码粘贴在答题卡相应的位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wheredidthewomanvisittherainforestlastyear?A.InOregon.B.InAlaska.C.InWashington.2.Whatisthewoman’smainconcernfortheman?A.Hisbadschoolgrades.B.Hishandinginhomeworklate.C.Hisfrequentabsencefromschool.3.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Coworkers.B.Friends.C.Acouple.4.WhydidthewomanchooseFloridaforholiday?A.Theflightwascheaper.B.Thescenerywasbeautiful.C.Theacmodationswerefree.5.Howwillthemangetthenews?A.Fromhisphone.B.Fromnewspapers.C.FromTVstations.第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdothespeakersmainlytalkabout?A.Weather.B.Clothing.C.Dinner.7.Wheredothespeakersplantogo?A.Toahospital.B.Toarestaurant.C.ToJim’s.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatisthewoman’smainconcernabouttheapartment?A.Thesize.B.Theprice.C.Theflies.9.Howdothespeakersfeel?A.Excited.B.Bored.C.Disappointed.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatwillhappentothespeakers?A.Theywilllosetheirjobs.B.Theywillgetalowerpay.C.Theywillworklongerhours.11.Whatisthewomancurrentlydoingforherstudents?A.Creatingbooks.B.Makingvideos.C.Sharingwebsites.12.Whatwillthemanprobablybuy?A.Acamera.B.Aputer.C.Aphone.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inalibrary.C.Inadormitory.14.Whydoesthewomanwanttomoveout?A.Tosavehermoney.B.Tofindaplacenearalibrary.C.Toliveinaroomwithairconditioning.15.Howmuchdiditcosttorunairconditioningforamonth5yearsago?A.$10.B.$20.C.$45.16.Whatwillthewomandoifshecannotmoveout?A.Suffertheheat.B.Livewithherparents.C.Buyairconditioning.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhenwasMother’sDayfirstcelebrated?A.In1905.B.In1908.C.In1914.18.WhatdoweknowaboutAnna’smother?A.ShewasasoldierduringtheCivilWar.B.ShefoundedMother’sDayWorkClubs.C.ShebroughtuptheideaofMother’sDay.19.WhoformallyannouncedMother’sDay?A.PresidentWilson.B.TheU.S.Congress.C.AnnaMarieJarvis.20Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheoriginofMother’sDay.B.ThecelebrationofMother’sDay.C.TheimportanceofMother’sDay.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe3MYoungScientistChallengegivesstudentsingrades58thechancetochangetheirworldforthebetterwithasingleinnovativeidea.Thispremiersciencepetitionisaoneofakindprojectbasedlearningopportunitydesignedtoencouragecreativity,cooperation,andconnectionforstudentsfromeverybackground.EnteringtheChallengeInspirescientificexplorationandinnovationinanylearningenvironmentwithprehensivechallengeresourcesthatguidestudentsthroughthesubmissionprocess.●Kickstartstudententrieswitheasytousechallengetools.The3MYoungScientistChallengeencouragesstudentstosolveeverydayproblemsusingscienceandinnovation.●Ensurestudentsubmissionsarereadytogo.Studentswillbeaskedtocreatea12minutevideoinwhichtheydescribeaninnovationoranoriginalsolutionthatcouldsolveorimpactaneverydayproblemthatdirectlyaffectsthem,theirfamilies,theirmunities,and/ortheglobalpopulation.Rules&PrizesGrandPrizeWinner$25,000Titleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”Top10Finalists$1,000UniqueSummerMentorshipwitha3MScientistHonorableMentionWinnersCertificate(onepergradeawarded)ImprovingLivesAwardWinner$2,000AwardedtotheFinalistwithmostvotesduringpublicvotingwindowTimelineChallengeOpensDecember7,2022ChallengeClosesApril27,2023FinalistandStateMeritWinnerAnnouncementsJune2023FinalEventOctober2023WinnersAnnouncedOctober20231.Whichofthefollowingdoesthe3MYoungScientistChallengeboost?A.Ambition. B.Courage. C.Innovation. D.Patience.2.WhatdoweknowabouttheparticipantsintheChallenge?A.Theyarestudentsofgrades58.B.Theyhavetosubmitavideoofthreeminutes.C.Theyarerequiredtosolvepersonalproblems.D.Theyaresuretogetprizemoneyandcertificates.3.WhendotheparticipantsknowthefinalresultoftheChallenge?A.December7,2022 B.April27,2023. C.June2023. D.October2023.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了3M青年科学家挑战赛的赛程。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The3MYoungScientistChallengegivesstudentsingrades58thechancetochangetheirworldforthebetterwithasingleinnovativeidea.(3M青年科学家挑战赛让58年级的学生有机会用一个创新的想法改变他们的世界。)”可知，3M青年科学家挑战赛让58年级的学生有机会用创新的想法改变他们的世界，旨在促进学生的创新能力。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The3MYoungScientistChallengegivesstudentsingrades58thechancetochangetheirworldforthebetterwithasingleinnovativeidea.(3M青年科学家挑战赛让58年级的学生有机会用一个创新的想法改变他们的世界)”可知，参赛者为58岁的学生，A项正确；根据文章第四段“Studentswillbeaskedtocreatea12minutevideoinwhichtheydescribeaninnovationoranoriginalsolutionthatcouldsolveorimpactaneverydayproblemthatdirectlyaffectsthem,theirfamilies,theirmunities,and/ortheglobalpopulation.(学生将被要求制作一段12分钟的视频，在视频中描述一个创新或原创的解决方案，该解决方案可以解决或影响直接影响他们、他们的家庭、他们的社区和/或全球人口的日常问题)”可知，参赛者要求制作一段12分钟的视频，而非三分钟的，B项错误；视频中的解决方案可以是解决影响他们自己、家庭、社区或者全球人口的日常问题，不仅仅是个人问题，C项错误；根据Rules&Prizes中的内容可知，并不是所有人都能获得奖金和证书，只有特等奖、前十名和改善生活奖得主才能获得奖金，只有荣誉奖得主才会有证书，并且每年级只有一个，D项错误。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后的“WinnersAnnouncedOctober2023(结果宣布2023年10月)”可知，大赛最终结果将于2023年10月宣布。故选D项。BKyraPeraltethoughtkeepingadiaryduringthepandemicmighthelphersortoutherplicatedfeeling.InApril2020,themotheroftwoinMontclair,NewJersey,startedwritingfranklyaboutthechallengesofbalancingwork,marriageandmotherhoodduringaglobalcrisis.Peraltewantedtoknowhowotherwomenweredoing.“Iwantedaninteractionthatfelthuman,”sosheinvitedwomenfromnearandfartofilltheremaininglinedpagesofherblackandwhitemarbledpositionnotebookwiththeirownpandemictales.ShenamedtheprojectTheTravelingDiary.Shecameupwithasystem:Eachpersongetstokeepthediaryforthreedaysandfillsasmanypagesasshewishes.Thensheisresponsibleformailingittothenextperson,whoseaddressPeralteprovides.Sofar,morethan2,000womenfrom30countrieshaveparticipated,someasfarawayasSouthAfricaandAustralia.Morethan50ofthesenotebooksarecurrentlyincirculation,andabout20pletedonesarebackinPeralte’spossession.Itfeltmeaningfultopassonsomethingsopersonal.Itfeltlikethesewerewomenthattheyhadknowneventhoughtheydidn’tknowthematall.Somedidgettomeetthewomenwhosestoriestheyread,throughavirtualgettogetherthatPeralteorganized.PeralteoftenhostsZoomeventssothewomengetthechancetogettoknowoneanothermore,sharestoriesandconnectmoreclosely.Someofthewomenhaveevenbeeclosefriends.Peraltefeelsastrongbondwiththepeoplewhofilleditspages,noneofwhomshewouldhaveotherwiseknown.Herspontaneous(自发的)ideahashadaprofoundeffectonherandtheotherwomenwhowerepartofit.“TheTravelingDiary,”shesays,“ismakingsistersoutofstrangers.”4.WhydidPeraltestartTheTravelingDiary?A.Tohelpsortoutherfeeling. B.Tofinishherpagesofnotebook.C.Tohaveaninteractionwithotherwomen. D.Towriteabookcoveringpandemictales.5.Whatdoweknowabouttheproject?A.Ithasbeepopularacrosstheworld.B.Eachwomankeepsthediaryatleastthreedays.C.EachpersonfillspagesbasedonPeralte’swishes.D.ItrequiresPeraltetopostthediarytothenextperson.6.Whatcanbeinferredaboutparticipantsfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Theyaretotallystrangersbefore. B.Theyoftenholdpartiesthemselves.C.Theyhavemeteachotherinreallife. D.TheyhavebeenknowntoPeraltebefore.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKyraPeralte?A.Generousandtolerant. B.Creativeandhelpful.C.Romanticandimaginative. D.Demandingandadventurous.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了疫情期间Peralte发起了旅行日记的活动，吸引了很多女性加入。4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“‘Iwantedaninteractionthatfelthuman,’sosheinvitedwomenfromnearandfartofilltheremaininglinedpagesofherblackandwhitemarbledpositionnotebookwiththeirownpandemictales.”(“我想要一种有人情味的互动，”所以她邀请远近的女性在她黑白大理石笔记本的剩余线条页上写满她们自己的流行病故事。)可知，Peralte创办这个活动的目的是与人们进行互动。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Shecameupwithasystem:Eachpersongetstokeepthediaryforthreedaysandfillsasmanypagesasshewishes.”(她想出了一个系统：每个人都要记三天日记，想写多少页就写多少页。)可知，每个人都要写三天的日记，所以每个人至少会记日记至少三天。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Itfeltlikethesewerewomenthattheyhadknowneventhoughtheydidn’tknowthematall.”(感觉这些女人是他们认识的，尽管他们根本不认识她们。)说明的是之前这些人不认识，也不知道彼此的故事。以及最后一段“‘TheTravelingDiary,’shesays,‘ismakingsistersoutofstrangers.’”(她说，“把陌生人变成了姐妹。”)可推知，这些写日记的人之前是陌生人。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Shecameupwithasystem:Eachpersongetstokeepthediaryforthreedaysandfillsasmanypagesasshewishes.Thensheisresponsibleformailingittothenextperson,whoseaddressPeralteprovides.”(她想出了一个系统：每个人都要记三天日记，想写多少页就写多少页。然后她负责把它寄给下一个人，他地址是Peralte提供的。)讲述的是Peralte想出创作这个项目以及运营方式，可推知，她是有创造力的。根据文章最后一段‘TheTravelingDiary,’shesays,‘ismakingsistersoutofstrangers.’”(她说，“把陌生人变成了姐妹。”)Peralte通过这个项目使得一些人由陌生人成文了朋友，说明她是乐于帮助他人。故选B。CWhenhumansarefeelinglonely,wecancallorvideochatwithfriendsandfamilywholivefaraway.But,scientistsasked,whataboutpetparrots?Newresearchsuggeststhatthesechattycreaturesmayalsobenefitfromvirtuallyconnectingwiththeirpeers.Theideaforthisstudywasnotrandom:Inthewild,parrotstendtoliveinlargeflocks.Butwhenkeptincaptivity,thesesocialbirdsareoftenontheirown.Feelingboredandisolated,theymaydeveloppsychologicalissues.Duringthefirsttwoweeksofthestudy,ownerstaughttheirbirdstoringabell,thentouchanimageofanotherpetparrotonatabletscreentoinitiateavideocall.Though18parrotsbegantheexperiment,threedroppedout.Oncethebirdshadlearnedhowtomakevideointeractions,thesecondphaseoftheexperimentcouldbegin.Inthis“opencall”period,the15participatingbirdscouldmakecallsfreely;theyalsogottochoosewhichbirdtodialup.Overthenexttwomonths,petparrotsmade147deliberatevideocalls.Theirownerstookdetailednotesaboutthecallsandrecordedmorethan1,000hoursofvideofootage.Someoftheparrotslearnednewskillsfromtheirvirtualpanions.Thebirdsalsoforgedstrongfriendships,whichresearchersmeasuredbyhowfrequentlytheychosetocallthesameindividual.Somebirdswereevenreportedtohavedevelopedattachmentstothehumancaretakersoftheirvirtualfriends.Asforotherparrotowners,theresearcherscautionitmightnotbewisetosuddenlybeginlaunchingchatsonbehalfoftheirpets.“Wewerereallycarefulabouttrainingthebirds’caregiversthoroughlytoensurethattheycouldofferanappropriatelevelofsupporttoempowertheirparrotsbutalsohelpthemavoidanynegativeexperiences,”saysstudycoauthorRebeccaKleinberger.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“initiate”inparagraph3mean?A.Cancel. B.Answer. C.Start. D.Delay.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?A.18parrotstookpartintheentireexperiment.B.Theparticipatingbirdsenjoyedmakingvideocalls.C.Someparrotswereattachedtotheirowncaretakers.D.Thebirdslearnttodialinthe“openingcall”period.10.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Ahealthreport. B.Asciencemagazine.C.Anacademicarticle. D.Anofficialdocument.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AGuidetoPetParrotsTraining. B.TheImpactofTechnologyonParrots.C.Parrots:SocialCreaturesbyNature. D.ParrotSocialization:AVideoChatSolution.【答案】8.C9.B10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究通过让宠物鹦鹉视频互动来缓解它们的孤独感，文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究的发现。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“ownerstaughttheirbirdstoringabell,thentouchanimageofanotherpetparrotonatabletscreento”以及后文“Though18parrotsbegantheexperiment,threedroppedout.(虽然18只鹦鹉开始了实验，但有3只退出了)”可知，有18只鹦鹉开始了实验，说明主人教他们的鹦鹉摇铃，然后触摸平板电脑屏幕上另一只宠物鹦鹉的图像，开始视频通话。故划线词意思是“开始”。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Overthenexttwomonths,petparrotsmade147deliberatevideocalls.Theirownerstookdetailednotesaboutthecallsandrecordedmorethan1,000hoursofvideofootage.(在接下来的两个月里，宠物鹦鹉故意进行了147次视频通话。它们的主人详细记录了这些，并录制了超过1000小时的视频片段)”可知，参与实验的鹦鹉喜欢打视频。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了一项研究通过让宠物鹦鹉视频互动来缓解它们的孤独感，文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究的发现。结合第一段的“Newresearchsuggeststhatthesechattycreaturesmayalsobenefitfromvirtuallyconnectingwiththeirpeers.(新的研究表明，这些健谈的生物也可能从与同伴的虚拟交流中受益)”可推知，文章可能选自科学杂志。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whenhumansarefeelinglonely,wecancallorvideochatwithfriendsandfamilywholivefaraway.But,scientistsasked,whataboutpetparrots?Newresearchsuggeststhatthesechattycreaturesmayalsobenefitfromvirtuallyconnectingwiththeirpeers.(当人类感到孤独时，我们可以和远方的朋友和家人打或视频聊天。但是，科学家们问，宠物鹦鹉呢？新的研究表明，这些健谈的生物也可能从与同伴的虚拟交流中受益)”并结合下文内容可知，文章主要说明了一项研究通过让宠物鹦鹉视频互动来缓解它们的孤独感，文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究的发现。因此，D选项“鹦鹉社交：视频聊天解决方案”最符合文章标题。故选D。DNearlyafifthofitemsthathouseholdsplaceintheirrecyclingbincouldendupinlandfill,accordingtonewdata,becausepeoplearewrongly“wishcycling”.Toothpastetubes,coffeecups,juicecartonsandsaladbagsareamongthebiggestitemstobeincorrectlythrownintherecyclingbin,accordingtoBiffa.Nonrecyclableitemsareremovedbeforetherecyclingprocess.Butthepanywarnedthatothercontaminantssuchasfoodorliquidscanmeanthatpotentialrecyclingisalsothrownaway.Theamountofnonrecyclablesplacedinthewrongbinisrisingevenaspeoplearebeingmoreecoconscious.Thepanycalledonpeopletostop“wishcycling”andadvisedalwayscheckinglabelsbeforeputtingitemsintherecyclingbin.DavidHeaton,abusinessdirectoratBiffa,saidthisofthefindings,“Contamination(污染)happenswhenitemsarethrownawayinthewrongbinsorhaven’tbeencleanedbeforebeingrecycled.”“Itmeansrecyclableresourcesarelostandcannotbereused.It’simportantthatpeopleunderstandwhatshouldgointherecyclingbinandhowto‘precycle(tocleanatubortray(托盘)ifit’sgotfoodonit,forexample)’sowecanrecycleasmuchmaterialaspossible.”Whenacontaminantcan’tberecycled,pickerswillremovethewasteandsenditforprocessingfurther,withlandfillbeingalastresort(步骤).Campaignershavearguedthatpackaginglabelsanddifferentstandardsmakeittoodifficultforpeopletounderstandwhattheyshouldberecycling.Butmostpackagingwillsaywhetheritisrecyclableornot.Biffaalsoremendscheckingtheresincodethenumberintheplastictriangletoknowwhetheritcanberecycled.Numbers1,2,4and5are“generally”recyclable,while3,6and7arenot.12.Howdoestheauthorintroduce“wishcycling”inparagraph1?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byprovidingdata.C.Bymakingparisons. D.Byquotingacelebrity.13.WhatmainlycausedcontaminationaccordingtoDavidHeaton?A.Thelossofrecyclableresources. B.Improperproceduresofthepickers.C.Washingcontainersbeforerecycling. D.Sortingthegarbageinawrongway.14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Numbers1,2and3mean“generally”recyclable.BAllpackaginggivesinformationrelatedtorecycling.C.Governmentswillapplythesamestandardtorecycling.D.Thereexistsomechallengestomoreefficientrecycling.15.Whatdoesthetextseemtoadvocate?A.Landfill. B.Precycling. C.Wishcycling. D.Nonrecycling.【答案】12.B13.D14.D15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了由于人们错误的垃圾分类方式，反而导致垃圾被填埋，造成污染。专家建议垃圾回收前做好“预回收”工作。12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Nearlyafifthofitemsthathouseholdsplaceintheirrecyclingbincouldendupinlandfill,accordingtonewdata,becausepeoplearewrongly“wishcycling”.(最新数据显示，由于人们错误地“希望回收”，家庭放入回收箱的物品中，有近五分之一最终可能会被填埋。)”可知，文章第一段通过列数据来引出“wishcycling”这一关键词。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“DavidHeaton,abusinessdirectoratBiffa,saidthisofthefindings,“Contamination(污染)happenswhenitemsarethrownawayinthewrongbinsorhaven’tbeencleanedbeforebeingrecycled.”(Biffa的业务主管大卫·希顿对调查结果表示：“当物品被扔进错误的垃圾箱或在回收前没有清洗时，就会发生污染。”)”可知，David认为，当物品被扔进错误的垃圾箱或在回收前没有清洗时，就会发生污染。由此可知，垃圾分类错误时会产生污染。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Campaignershavearguedthatpackaginglabelsanddifferentstandardsmakeittoodifficultforpeopletounderstandwhattheyshouldberecycling.Butmostpackagingwillsaywhetheritisrecyclableornot.Biffaalsoremendscheckingtheresincodethenumberintheplastictriangletoknowwhetheritcanberecycled.Numbers1,2,4and5are“generally”recyclable,while3,6and7arenot.(活动人士认为，包装标签和不同的标准使人们很难理解他们应该回收什么。但大多数包装都会标明是否可回收。Biffa还建议检查树脂代码——塑料三角形中的数字——以了解它是否可以回收。数字1、2、4和5“一般”是可回收的，而3、6和7则不可回收。)”可知，包装标签和不同的标准使人们很难理解他们该回收什么，说明在垃圾回收过程中存在问题和挑战，D项正确；数字3为不可回收，A项错误；大部分包装会标明是否可回收，不是所有，B项错误；C项未提及。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。阅读文章内容，尤其是第五段中的“It’simportantthatpeopleunderstandwhatshouldgointherecyclingbinandhowto‘precycle(tocleanatubortray(托盘)ifit’sgotfoodonit,forexample)’sowecanrecycleasmuchmaterialaspossible.(重要的是，人们要了解什么应该进回收箱，以及如何“预回收”(例如，如果盆或托盘上有食物，要清洗)，这样我们才能尽可能多地回收材料。)”可知，在垃圾回收前，人们要了解什么应该进回收箱，以及如何做好“预回收”。由此可知，本文重点强调垃圾“预回收”工作。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thegoodnewsisthataresearchshowsthatthelessjunkfoodyoueat,thelessyoucrave(渴望得到)it.____16____AsI’veslowlybeguntoeathealthier,I’venoticedmyselfwantingpizzaandcandyandicecreamlessandless.Somepeoplerefertothistransitionperiodas“genereprogramming.”____17____Thatistosay,ifyoucanfindwaystograduallyeathealthier,you’llstarttoexperiencethecravingsofjunkfoodlessandless.I’veneverclaimedtohavealltheanswers,butherearesomestrategiesthatmighthelp.First,youcanusemy“outerring”strategytoavoidprocessedandpackagedfoodsatthegrocerystore.Ifyoulimityourselftopurchasingfoodsthatareontheouterringofthestore,thenyouwillgenerallybuywholefoods(fruits,vegetables,meat,eggs.etc.)____18____Butyouwillavoidalotofunhealthyfoods.Youcanalsofollowthe“5ingredientrule”whenbuyingfoodsatthestore.Ifsomethinghasmorethan5ingredientsinit,don’tbuyit.Thechancesare,ithasbeendesignedtofoolyouintoeatingmoreofit.____19____There’sareasonwhymanypeopleeatasawaytodealwithstress.____20____Thesechemicalscantrigger(触发)mechanismsthataresimilartothecravingsyougetfromfatandsugar.Inotherwords,whenyougetstressed,yourbrainfeelstheaddictivecalloffatandsugarandyou’repulledbacktojunkfood.Weallhavestressfulsituationsthatariseinourlives.Learningtodealwithstressinadifferentwaycanhelpyouoveretheaddictivepullofjunkfood.Thiscouldincludesimplebreathingtechniquesorashortguidedmeditation(冥想).A.Myownexperienceshavemirroredthis.B.Noteverythingontheouterringishealthy.C.Whateveryouwanttocallit,thelessonisthesame.D.Whenbuyingthesefoods,youmustmaketherightchoice.E.Avoidthoseproductsandstickwiththemorenaturaloptions.F.Stresscausescertainregionsofthebraintoreleasechemicals.G.Nomatterwhatyoutalkaboutit,itisofquitegreatdifference.【答案】16.A17.C18.B19.E20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了几种吃的健康的方法，帮助人们减少对垃圾食品的渴望。【16题详解】根据下文“AsI’veslowlybeguntoeathealthier,I’venoticedmyselfwantingpizzaandcandyandicecreamlessandless.(随着我慢慢开始吃得更健康，我发现自己越来越少想吃披萨、糖果和冰淇淋了)”可知，作者设空处之后讲述了自己的真实经历。由此可知，设空处作者要先引出自己的经历，即“我自己的经历验证了这一点”，选项A.Myownexperienceshavemirroredthis.符合语意。故选A。【17题详解】根据上文“Somepeoplerefertothistransitionperiodas“genereprogramming.(有些人把这个过渡时期称为基因重编程)”以及下文“Thatistosay(这就是说)”可知，上文提出一个专业术语，即“基因重编程”，而普通人极有可能没法透彻地理解这个专业术语，因此设空处起到承上启下的作用，下文作者才能进行简单化的解释，即“无论这一过程叫什么，道理是一样的”，选项C.Whateveryouwanttocallit,thelessonisthesame.符合语意。故选C。【18题详解】根据上文“Ifyoulimityourselftopurchasingfoodsthatareontheouterringofthestore,thenyouwillgenerallybuywholefoods(fruits,vegetables,meat,eggs.etc.)(如果你限制自己不买这些外圈的食物，那么你通常会买水果、蔬菜、肉、鸡蛋等)”可知，作者建议人们购买肉菜蛋奶等外圈食品。由此推知，设空处要折中表达“并非所有外圈食品都是健康的”才能引出下文“Butyouwillavoidalotofunhealthyfoods.(但你会避免买到很多不健康的食品)”，选项B.Noteverythingontheouterringishealthy.(并非所有外圈食品都是健康的)符合语意。故选B。【19题详解】根据上文“Ifsomethinghasmorethan5ingredientsinit,don’tbuyit.Thechancesare,ithasbeendesignedtofoolyouintoeatingmoreofit.(如果某样东西的成分超过5种，就不要买。很有可能，它被设计成欺骗你吃更多的食物)”可知，上文提到的成分超过5种的食品，会欺骗你吃更多的食物，因此这些是不健康的食物。由此可知，设空处作者要建议人们尽量避免后买这些食物，选项E.Avoidthoseproductsandstickwiththemorenaturaloptions.(避免这些产品，坚持使用更自然的选择)符合语意。故选E。【20题详解】根据下文“Thesechemicalscantrigger(触发)mechanismsthataresimilartothecravingsyougetfromfatandsugar.(这些化学物质可以触发类似于你对脂肪和糖的渴望的机制)”可知，设空处会先引出提及化学物质，下文才会讲述这些化学物质发挥的作用。由此可知，选项F.Stresscausescertainregionsofthebraintoreleasechemicals.(压力会导致大脑的某些区域释放化学物质)符合语意。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Acattravelledmorethan280milestoheroldhome,whichshehadleftthreemonthsbefore.Abouttwomonthslater,shewas____21____withherowners.In2021May,LaetitiaDeAmicis____22____withherfamilyandtheirthreecatsFelys,CrapaudandCoccibecauseofjob____23____.Thefamilytookgreatcareofthecatsattheirnewlocationbecausetheywere____24____thatthecatswouldgetlostindifferent____25____.ButCocciwentmissinginAugust2021.Laetitia,withhertwochildren,____26____tosearchforCoccibutfailed.Tostopherkidsfromworrying,LaetitiatoldthemthatCoccihad____27____gonehometolookforthembackintheoldlocation.Sureenough,astranger____28____acat,justfivemilesfromtheir____29____home.InOctober2021,Lactitiasawa____30____onasocialmediaaboutacat,andthestayathomemom____31____herimmediately.Theadventurouscatwassenttothelocalveterinarian(兽医)who____32____themissinganimalwas10yearsoldandlookedjustlikeCocci.Laetitiaaskedherfatherlivingnearbytogoand____33____her.Hethoughtitwas____34____thatacathadactuallytraveledacrossthecountry,buteventually,heagreed.“Whenhecalledmethatday,Isawmydadhuggingmycatonthevideocall,”saidLaetitia.“Iwaswithmydaughter.Sherecognizedherand____35____tears.”Finally,Cocciwastakenbacktohernewhome.21.A.bored B.reunited C.connected D.disappointed22.A.played B.traveled C.moved D.wandered23.A.promotion B.efficiency C.experience D.satisfaction24.A.annoyed B.worried C.ashamed D.embarrassed25.A.stages B.ages C.directions D.surroundings26.A.tried B.offered C.decided D.expected27.A.hurriedly B.eagerly C.obviously D.likely28.A.stole B.found C.bought D.abandoned29.A.new B.remote C.previous D.strange30.A.post B.sign C.book D.guide31.A.recognized B.contacted C.accepted D.refused32.A.argued B.realized C.predicted D.confirmed33.A.adopt B.identify C.research D.examine34.A.normal B.illegal C.impossible D.interesting35.A.wipedoff B.heldback C.turnedinto D.burstinto【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.B25.D26.A27.D28.B29.C30.A31.A32.D33.A34.C35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只猫Cocci走了280多英里回到她三个月前离开的老家，大约两个月后，她和主人团聚了。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约两个月后，她和主人团聚了。A.bored厌倦；B.reunited团聚；C.connected连接；D.disappointed使失望。根据后文“Finally,Cocciwastakenbacktohernewhome.(最后，Cocci被带回到了她的新家)”可知，猫两个月后和主人团聚了。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年5月，由于工作升职，LaetitiaDeAmicis和她的家人以及他们的三只猫Felys，Crapaud和Cocci一起搬了家。A.played玩耍；B.traveled旅行；C.moved搬家；D.wandered徘徊。根据后文“attheirnewlocation”可知，他们搬家了。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2021年5月，由于工作升职，LaetitiaDeAmicis和她的家人以及他们的三只猫Felys,Crapaud和Cocci一起搬了家。A.promotion晋升；B.efficiency效率；C.experience经历；D.satisfaction满足。根据上文“becauseofjob”以及选项，可知是因为工作升职而搬家的。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这家人在新地方对猫咪照顾得很好，因为他们担心猫咪会在不同的环境中迷路。A.annoyed生气的；B.worried担心的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据后文“thatthecatswouldgetlost”指担心猫会迷路。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人在新地方对猫咪照顾得很好，因为他们担心猫咪会在不同的环境中迷路。A.stages阶段；B.ages年龄；C.directions方向；D.surroundings环境。根据上文“attheirnewlocation”可知，他们搬家了所以是不同的环境里。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Laetitia和她的两个孩子试图寻找Cocci，但失败了。A.tried尝试；B.offered提议；C.decided决定；D.expected期待。根据上文“tosearchforCoccibutfailed”可知，Laetitia和她的两个孩子试图寻找Cocci，但失败了。故选A。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了不让孩子们担心，Laetitia告诉他们，Cocci可能已经回家了，回到了原来的地方找他们。A.hurriedly急忙；B.eagerly急切地；C.obviously显然；D.likely可能。根据后文“gonehometolookforthembackintheoldlocation”可知，为了不让孩子们担心，Laetitia告诉他们，Cocci可能已经回家了，回到了原来的地方找他们。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：果然，一个陌生人发现了一只猫，就在离他们以前的家五英里远的地方。A.stole偷窃；B.found发现；C.bought购买；D.abandoned抛弃。根据后文“acat”指陌生人发现了Cocci这只猫。故选B。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：果然，一个陌生人发现了一只猫，就在离他们以前的家五英里远的地方。A.new新的；B.remote遥远的；C.previous以前的；D.strange奇怪的。根据上文“gonehometolookforthembackintheoldlocation.”可知，是回到了以前的家里，故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2021年10月，Lactitia在社交媒体上看到了一条关于一只猫的帖子，这位全职妈妈立刻认出了她。A.post帖子；B.sign迹象；C.book书籍；D.guide指南。根据后文“onasocialmedia”指在社交媒体上看到帖子。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年10月，Lactitia在社交媒体上看到了一条关于一只猫的帖子，这位全职妈妈立刻认出了她。A.recognized认出；B.contacted联系；C.accepted接受；D.refused拒绝。后文her指她的猫Cocci，即认出了Cocci。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只爱冒险的猫被送到当地兽医那里，兽医证实这只失踪的猫10岁，长得很像Cocci。A.argued争论；B.realized意识到；C.predicted预测；D.confirmed确认。根据后文“themissinganimalwas10yearsoldandlookedjustlikeCocci.”可知，兽医证实这只失踪的猫10岁，长得很像Cocci。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Laetitia请求住在附近的父亲去收养她。A.adopt收养；B.identify识别；C.research研究；D.examine检查。上文提到Cocci在一个兽医那里，所以Laetitia请求住在附近的父亲去收养她。故选A。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他认为一只猫不可能真的穿越了整个国家，但最终，他同意了。A.normal正常的；B.illegal非法的；C.impossible不可能的；D.interesting有趣的。根据后文“acathadactuallytraveledacrossthecountry”可知，父亲认为一只猫不可能真的穿越了整个国家，所以一开始拒绝去。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她认出了她，哭了起来。A.wipedoff除去；B.heldback克制；C.turnedinto变成；D.burstinto爆发；突然（哭、笑）起来。主人和猫团聚，所以是哭泣，短语burstintotears表示“突然哭起来”。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Yan’anisknowntomostpeople____36____anold,importantrevolutionarybase,butthismountainouscityinNorthwestChina’sShaanxihasotherthingstoofferthanits____37____(rich)inrevolutionaryhistoryandspiritsth