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考研《英语一》四川省雅安市名山县2023年深度预测试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从下列各题所给的四个选项中,选出最佳选项。Perhapsyou’veattendedsomeparties.ButlikeNewYork,whereapartyordinneroften__36__businesswithpleasure,aWashingtonpartyisa__37__partofthebusinessofpolitics,thebusinessofmaking__38__connections.SomeWashingtonpartieshavea__39__aura(气氛)aboutthem,dependingonwhogivesthemandwhoisthere,butmostpartiesareopen-house__40__infact,withthehostsnotknowingmostofthe__41__whoarethere.Iwenttoafewoftheseparties__42__IwantedtoseetheinsideofsomeoftheWashingtonmansions(公馆)Ihad__43__somuchabout.Almosteverytimeduringtheeveningsomemanwouldcomeclosetotalkwithme__44__,wedidn’tknoweachotheratall.Sucha__45__exchangeclearlyproves“agatheringoffriends”__46__Washingtonpartystandards.Youdon’tevenneedan__47__toattendmanyWashingtonparties.Youjusthavetoknowaboutthem.NoWashingtonhostesswould__48__herservantstoaskyouwhoyouwere.Mostofthebiggerparties,thosewith300or400guests,__49__toimpresssomebody,andWashingtonians150__.MostmembersoftheCongress,forexample,__51__middle-classbackgroundsinsmallercommunities__52__thecountry.Theyaredazzled(眼花缭乱的)by__53__.Theyaredazzledbybignames.TheyarereadytohelpWashington__54__hostesses.Theygoalongwiththembecausetheyaregoodfriendsortheydon’tnoticethatthey__55__ortheydon’tcareiftheyare.1、.A.followsB.connectsC.mixesD.goes2、.A.dailyB.necessaryC.chiefD.cheap3、.A.stillB.cruelC.mentalD.important4、A.socialB.nervousC.terribleD.simple5、A.eventsB.affairsC.conferencesD.games6、A.guestsB.customersC.guardsD.guides7、A.sothatB.inorderthatC.asifD.because8、A.foundB.noticedC.heardD.wrote9、A.sinceB.thoughC.whenD.whether10、A.commonB.strictC.publicD.special11、A.includingB.comparingwithC.accordingtoD.dependingon12、A.invitationB.envelopeC.instrumentD.acceptance13、A.refuseB.allowC.agreeD.warn14、A.aregivenB.giveC.aresuppliedD.supply15、A.easilyforgetB.hardlyrememberC.easilyimpressD.areeasilyimpressed16、A.hearfromB.writetoC.comefromD.callout17、A.overB.belowC.betweenD.across18、A.moneyB.equalC.freedomD.discussion19、A.strangeB.famousC.poorD.stupid20、A.areusingB.arebeingusedC.areobeyingD.arebeingobeyedSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Oursolarsystemmightbecrazierthanweoncethought.ScientistssaythatdeepwithinUranus(天王星)andNeptune(海王星)itrainsdiamonds.OnEarth.diamondsformunderextremeheatandpressure.TheinsideofUranusandNeptunealsohashightemperaturesandpressures.What'smore,theblueplanetsarelargelymadeupoficywaterandgasessuchasmethane(甲烷).Soscientistshavelongbelievedthatdeepinsidethetwoplanets,theheatandpressurethemethaneintohydrogen(氢)andcarbon(碳)Thendiamondrainwouldform,fallingtowardthecenteroftheplanets.Butnoonecouldprovethatthiswouldreallywork-untilnow.InastudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureAstronomy,scientistssaytheywereabletocreatethiskindof"diamondrain"inalab,reportedTheGuardian.Scientistsusedhigh-poweredlaserstocreatepairsofshockwavesthroughakindofplastic.Theplasticismadefromhydrogenandcarbon,muchlikemethane.Theshockwavescreatedhighpressureandheat,likethatinsideUranusandNeptune."Theexperimentaltimeisveryshort,DominikKraus,leadauthorofthestudy,toldTheGuardian."Thatwesawthisveryclearsignatureofdiamondswasactuallyvery,verysurprising”.Thediamondscreatedinthelabweretiny,onlyafewnanometers(纳米)wide.ScientistsbelievethatdiamondswouldbemuchlargerwithinNeptuneandUranus.Thentheymightslowlysinktowardtheplanetscenterbecauseofgravity.1、Whatfactorisneededtoformdiamonds?A.ExtremeheatandpressureB.HydrogenandcarbonC.lcywaterandgasesD.High-poweredlasers2、Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninthelastparagraph?A.UnsuccessfulB.SmallC.RealD.Natural3、Howdidscientistsprovethetheoryofformingdiamond?A.BygivingexamplesB.BystatingargumentC.ByexplainingstatisticaldataD.Bydoingexperiments4、Whatcanbereferredfromthetext?A.Therearemanyhigh-poweredlasersinNeptuneandUranusB.DeepinsideNeptuneandUranuscouldbefullofdiamondsC.TheshockwavesinsideNeptuneandUranuscratehighpressureandheat.D.ScientistslongbelievethattherearediamondsinsideNeptuneandUranusText2StephenHawking’sfinalfearwasthatDNAmanipulationwouldleadtoamasterraceofsuperhumans.Thephysicist,whodiedaged76inMarch,2018,thoughtthedevelopmentcoulddestroytherestofhumanbeings.HislastpredictionisrevealedinanewbookofhiscollectedarticlesandessayscalledBriefAnswerstoBigQuestions.Hawkingfearedrichpeoplewouldsoonbeabletoedittheirchildren’sDNAtoimproveattributeslikememoryanddiseaseimmunity.Andhesaidthatwouldposeacrisisfortherestoftheworldevenifpoliticianstriedtoillegalizethepractice.Inanextract(摘录)publishedbyTheSundayTimes,hewrote:“Iamsurethatduringthiscenturypeoplewilldiscoverhowtomodifybothintelligenceandinstinctssuchasaggression.“Lawswillprobablybepassedagainstgeneticengineeringwithhumans.Butsomepeoplewon’tbeabletoresistthetemptationtoimprovehumancharacteristics,suchasmemory,resistancetodiseaseandlengthoflife.”Andhesaidthatwouldcausehugeproblemsforhumanswhohavenotundergonethesameprocess,leavingthemunabletocompete.Theprofessorevenwarneditcouldleadtotheextinctionofhumanityasweknowit.Hesaidofnormalhumans:“Presumablytheywilldieout,orbecomeunimportant.Instead,therewillbearaceofself-designingbeingswhoareimprovingatanever-increasingrate.”TheBriefHistoryofTimeauthoralsoreferstotechniqueslikeCrispr,whichenablesscientiststomodifyharmfulgenesandaddinothers.Andalthoughsuchprocedurescouldbeaboostformedicalscience,somecriticsareworriedthattheycouldcauseaeugenics-style(优生方式)movement,wheretheweakareweededoutofsociety.Thenewbook,publishedbyHodder&StoughtononTuesday,alsocollectshiswritingsonwhathethoughtwerethebigquestionsfacingscienceandwidersociety.Init,heexamineswhetheraliensexist,colonizespaceandwhetherhumanswillevergobeyondourSolarSystem.1、StephenHawking’sviewsdon’tinclude_________.A.DNAmanipulationcouldleadtotheextinctionofhumanbeings.B.Thereexisttechniquestomodifyharmfulgenesandaddingoodgenes.C.Peoplecannotresistthetemptationtoimprovehumancharacteristics.D.Humanswhohaven’tundergonegeneticengineeringmaydieout.2、WhichoneisthehookpublishedbyHodder&Stoughton?A.BriefAnswerstoQuestions. B.TheSundayTimes.C.TheBriefHistoryofTime. D.SolarSystem.3、What’sStephenHawking’sattitudetowardshumangeneticengineering?A.Supportive. B.Impartial. C.Favorable. D.Concerned.4、Whatdoesthetextmainlywanttotellus?A.Crisprcanenablescientiststogetharmfulgeneschanged.B.DNAmanipulationwillcreateamasterraceofsuperhumans.C.HumanswillcolonizespaceandgobeyondourSolarSystem.D.DNAmanipulationmayleadtotheextinctionofhumanbeings.Text3OnOctober19,1959,thefirstSpecialEnglishprogramwasbroadcastontheVoiceofAmerica.Itwasanexperiment.ThegoalwastocommunicatebyradioinclearandsimpleEnglishwithpeoplewhosenativelanguageisnotEnglish.Expertssaidthegoalwasadmirable,butthemethodwouldnotwork.Theywereprovedwrong.TheSpecialEnglishprogramsquicklybecamesomeofthemostpopularonVOA.Andtheystillare.Fortyyearslater,SpecialEnglishcontinuestocommunicatewithpeoplewhoarenotfluentinEnglish.Butduringtheyearsitsrolehasexpanded.ItalsohelpspeoplelearnAmericanEnglish.Anditprovideslisteners,eventhosewhoarenativeEnglishspeakers,withinformationtheycannotfindelsewhere.Today,SpecialEnglishbroadcastsaroundtheworldsevendaysaweek,fivetimesaday.Eachhalf-hourbroadcastbeginswithtenminutesofthelatestnewsfollowedby20minutesoffeatureprogramming.Thereisadifferentshortfeatureeveryweekdayaboutscience,development,agricultureandenvironment,andontheweekend,aboutnewseventsandAmericanidioms.ThreeelementsmakeSpecialEnglishunique.Ithasalimitedvocabularyof1500words.Mostaresimplewordsthatdescribeobjects,actionsoremotions.Somearemoredifficult.Theyareusedforreportingworldeventsanddescribingdiscoveriesinmedicineandscience.SpecialEnglishiswritteninshort,simplesentencesthatcontainonlyoneidea.Noidiomsareused.AndSpecialEnglishisspokenataslowerpace,abouttwo-thirdsthespeedofStandardEnglish.ThishelpspeoplelearningEnglishheareachwordclearly.ItalsohelpspeoplewhoareEnglishspeakersunderstandcomplexsubjects.Throughtheyears,SpecialEnglishhasbecomeaverypopulartoolforteachingEnglish,eventhoughitwasnotdesignedasteachingprogram.ItsucceedsinhelpingpeoplelearnEnglishinanon-traditionalway.Individualsrecordtheprogramsandplaythemoverandovertopracticetheirlisteningskills.Incountriesaroundtheworld,EnglishteachersassignSpecialEnglishtotheirstudents.Theypraiseitforimprovingtheirstudents’abilitytounderstandAmericanEnglishandforthecontentoftheprograms.UniversitiesandprivatecompaniesinmanycountriesproducepackagesofSpecialEnglishmaterialsforstudentuse.1、Atthebeginning,SpecialEnglishprogramwas.A.doubtedbysomeprofessionalsB.rejectedbynativepeopleC.wellreceivedD.intendedforteachingEnglish2、WhatkindofEnglishisspokenonSpecialEnglish?A.BritishEnglishB.NotcertainC.BothBritishandAmericanEnglishD.AmericanEnglish3、WhichofthefollowingaretheelementsthatmakeSpecialEnglishunique?a.limitedvocabularyb.shortsimplesentencesc.goodcommunicationmethodd.slowspeede.interestingfeatureprogrammingA.a,c,dB.a,b,dC.b,d,eD.a,b,c4、Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat.A.listeningtoSpecialEnglishcanbeastudent’shomeworkB.listeningtoSpecialEnglishcanimprovethecontentoftheprogramC.somestudentrecordtheSpecialEnglishmaterialforsaleD.learningEnglishfromVOAisatraditionalwayforEnglishlearnerText4“Preventingobesity(肥胖)andsmokingcansavelives,butitdoesn’tsavemoney,”reportedresearchers.“Itwasasmallsurprise,foritisagainstthecommonbelief,”saidPietervanBaal,wholedthestudy.“Butitmakessense.Ifyoulivelonger,thenyourcostsofthehealthsystemwillbemore.”Theresearchersfoundthatfromage20to56,obesepeoplerackedup(累计)themostexpensivehealthcosts.Butonaverage,healthypeoplelived84years.Smokerslivedabout77years,andobesepeoplelivedabout80years.Smokersandobesepeopletendedtohavemoreheartdiseasethanhealthypeople.Thereforeinthelongrun,thethinandhealthygroupspentabout$417,000,fromage20on.Smokersspentabout$326,000andobesepeople$371,000.“Theresultthrowsabucketofcoldwaterontotheidea,basedonguesswork,thatobesityisgoingtocosttrillionsofdollars,”saidPatrickBasham,aprofessorofhealthpolitics.“Ifwe’regoingtoworryaboutthefutureofobesity,weshouldstopworryingaboutitsfinancialimpact,”hesaid.“Thebenefitsofobesitypreventionmaynotbeseenimmediatelyintermsofcostsavingintomorrow’sbudget,buttherearelong-termgains,”saidBaal.“Theseareoftenimmeasurablewhenitcomestopeoplelivinglongerandhealthierlives.”Inthemeanwhile,hesaidthatgovernmentsshouldrecognizethatsuccessfulsmokingandobesitypreventionprogramsmeanthatpeoplewillhaveahigherchanceofdyingofsomethingmoreexpensivelaterinlife.“Lungcancerisacheapdiseasetotreatbecausepeopledon’tsurviveverylong.ButiftheyareoldenoughtogetAlzheimer’s(早老性痴呆病)oneday,theymaysurvivelongerandcostmore.Wearenotadvisingthatgovernmentsstoptryingtopreventobesity,”Baalsaid.“Buttheyshoulddoitfortherightreasons.”1、Amongmiddle-agedpeople,whosecostsofthehealthsystemarethemost?A.Thosewhoareheavysmokers.B.Thosewhoareoverweight.C.Thosewhoaretoothin.D.Thosewhoaresufferingfromheartattacks.2、Whatcanweknowaboutthebeliefthatobesitycostsmuch?A.Itturnsouttobeincorrect.B.Itcomesfromscientificstudies.C.Itisbasedonmedicalevidence.D.Ithaschangedoverthepastyears.3、Accordingtothetext,governmentsshouldpreventobesityforthepurposeof.A.reducingtheriskofsufferingcancerB.weakeningobesity’sfinancialimpactC.makingsureofpeople’slongandhealthylifeD.reducingthemoneyspentonmedicalprograms4、Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.ARecentMedicalStudyShowstheTruthaboutHealthB.PreventingObesityandSmokingMayCostMoreC.ObesityandSmokingLeadtoExpensiveDiseasesD.GovernmentsChangeAttitudetowardsObesityandSmokingPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)IntheclosingceremonyoftheOlympicWinterGamesPyeongChang2018,Chinaputon1.eight-minuteperformance“SeeYouinBeijingin2022”,2.(direct)byZhangYimouTheshowcenteredonthetalentsofateamof24roller-skating3.(perform)fromBeijingSportUniversityTwoof4.(they)dressedupas“PandaCaptains”ledtheperformanceItreviewedChina’sancienttimes,5.(show)thecountry’srichculturalheritage(遗产)andsingingthepresentaswellasthefutureInadditionto6.(tradition)symbolsincludingtheGreatWall,theChineseDragonandtheChinesephoenix(凤凰),theperformancealsoshowedtherecentachievementsinscienceandtechnology7.ChinahasmadeTowardstheendoftheperformance,theOlympicrings8.(appear)onthestage,aswellasimagesofaglobalvillage,children’ssmilingfaces,olivebranchesandplumblossoms(梅花),whichrepresentedChina’spromise9.(promote)globalpeaceandbuildabetterfutureformankindFinally,theskaterstravelledapathtodrawthe“WinterDream”signoftheOlympicWinterdreamsBeijing10.Theperformance11.(success)sentChina’sgoodwillandinvitationstotheworldforBeijing12.Timeflying,itisonlyseveraldaysawayfromtheentranceexaminationtocollegein1.HowIregretthatmuchtime2.(spend)inplayingcomputergamesbeforeItisatthismoment3.IreallyrealizehowimportantitistodoeverythingIcan4.(make)upforwhatIhaven’tlearnedInthepast,Iwouldtake5.forgrantedthatIcouldbeadmittedtoagooduniversitywithouthardworkButafterseveraltimesof6.(fail)Icametounderstandthesaying—“nopains,nogains”Atpresent,IhavenochoicebuttostudyharderthaneverbeforeAlthough7.(face)withagreatpressure,1amstill8.(confidence),firmlybelievingthatIcanachievemygoalsolongasIadjustmymind,makegooduse9.everyminuteandgivefullplaytomypotential10.(Late),withthehelpofmyteachersandstudents,IhavemadegreatprogressIamproudofbeingastudentofQujingNo1MiddleSchoolIlikemyschoolbecauseitcansetupaplatformforusstudentstorealizeourdreamsIlikemyteachersbecausetheycanbuildabridgeforusstudentstosuccessMayourschool11.(get)betterandbetterinthefuture!SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)AmemorablescienceprojectIfsomeonetellsyoutorememberaphonenumberoraddress,itfeelslikeaneasytaskatfirst.Yourepeatthenumberstoyourself,eitheraloudorinyourmind.Butafterjustafewsecondsyoumightfindyourselfstartingtodoubtyourownmemory.1、Thus,itwilltrytothrowawayinformationthatseemsoldorirrelevant.Therearewaysofhelpingourmindsretain(记住)information,however,andinthisactivityyouwillexplorewaysthatweloseandkeepmemoriesShort-term,orworkingmemory,isawayofdescribingmostpeople’sabilitiestostoreasmallamountofinformationforabriefperiodoftimeinareadilyaccessibleform2、Peopledon’thavetostopandthinktoremembersomethinginshorttermmemory.3、Suchtechniquesincludevisualizing(观察)theinformationinasurprisingwayorlinkingpiecesofinformationtogethersothatoneremindsyouoftheother.Inthecaseofvisualizinginformation,thiscouldbeassimpleasrememberingyouparkedyourcaronthefifthfloorintheDsectionbypicturingfivedogssittinginyourcar!4、Ifyouneedtopurchasecereal(谷物),milk,fruit,cheeseandeggs,youcouldimaginethecerealinabowl,withmilkpouringoveritandpiecesoffruitontop.Thenimaginecrackinganeggovereverything,andit’sfullofmeltedcheese!Thesemayseemsimpleorevensilly.5、Inthisactivityyou’lltesttherecallofafewfriendsorfamilymembers,andlearnafewtricksforimprovingmemory!A.Therearemanytechniquesforimprovingmemory.B.Ourbrainisalwaysseekingnewandusefulinformation.C.Short-termmemoryhasashortdurationbutisquicklyandeasilyaccessed.D.Inaddition,linkinginformationcouldhelpyourememberyourgrocerylist.E.Retainingthatinformationoverlongerperiodsoftimebecomesdifficultyet.F.Yourshort-termmemoryhasalimitedamountofspacetostoreinformation.G.However,they
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