山东省济南市枣庄市2022-2023学年高二下学期期中英语试题

2022—2023学年下学期高二期中学情检测英语试题本试卷共12页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷选择题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whenwillthewomanhandinherpaper?A.NextMonday.B.NextWednesday.C.NextWednesday.2.Whatistheweatherliketomorrow?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Cloudy.3.Whichcityisthemangoingtofinally?A.Rome.B.Milan.C.Venice.4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.PoliceanddriverC.Doctorandpatient.5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Wasteful.B.Careless.C.Lazy.第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhatistheBlueShark?A.Awaterpark.B.Arestaurant.C.Aseafoodmarket.7.WhatwillCaroldolater?A.Havelunch.B.Havesupper.C.Visitrelatives.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whereisthebranchoffice?A.InSpain.B.InJapax.C.InAmerica.9.Whohastherichestworkingexperience?A.Bell.B.Shelly.C.Jack.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthemanmakeaphonecall?A.Tocancelanappointment.B.Toaskforsomemedicine.C.Toinvitethewomentomovies.11.Whenwillthemanmeetthewoman?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.12Whatwillthemandenext?A.Haveagoodrest.B.Drinkhatwater.C.Seethedoctor.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthewomandoing?A.She’shostingaprogram.B.She’schairingameeting.C.She’sintroducingaculture.14.HowdoesHigginsexplain“CulturalShock”?A.Bytellingstories.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byaskingquestions.15.WhatwillsurpriseChinesestudents?A.Beingchallengedinclass.B.Hearingteachers’namecalled.C.Questioningclassmatesinpublic.16.WhatdoesHigginsthinkof“CulturalShock”?A.mon.B.Unusual.C.Surprising.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.AnexhibitionB.Differentclubs.C.Varioussports.18.Whatisspecialaboutsocialclubs?A.Membersoftengatherforfun，B.Theyprovideabarformembers.C.Membershavethesamebackground.19.Whichclubcoststhehighest?AGolfclub.B.Tennisclub.C.Cyclingclub.20.Whatactivitydoworkingmen’sclubsoffer?A.Photographyclass.B.Naturalhistorylecture.C.Variousentertainment.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWorld’sBestPlacestoVisitWithaworldfulloffascinatingdestinations,choosingtheperfectvacationspotcanpresentachallenge.Usetheseremendationstocraftyourtravellist.SouthIslandNewZealand’sSouthIslandfillswithimpressivelandscapesateveryturn,fromdramaticmountainstograndchannels.Here,youcanadmirethemountainsofFiordlandNationalPark,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,fromhikingtrailsoraboatonMilfordSound.Besides,journeytotheUniversityofCanterbury’sMountJohnObservatorytostareupatthestarryskiesatnight.ParisThemagneticCityofLightdrawsvisitorsfromaroundtheglobewhoetoseeiconicattractionsliketheEiffelTower,theLouvreandtheArcdeTriomphe.Butwhattravelersreallyfallinlovewitharethecity’soldfashionedcafes,dynamicmarkets,andtrendyshoppingdistricts.Getlostwanderingalongthecharmingcobblestonestreets,orrelaxonthebanksoftheSeineforhours.MauiWhetheryou’redrivingalongtheRoadtoHana,enjoyingabird’seyeviewofMaui’slongcoastlinefromahelicopter,divingwithseaturtlesorsimplyrelaxingonwhiteorblacksandbeaches,you’llfindthatthisHawaiianislandisunlikeanyothertropical(热带的)destination.YoushouldalsoattendafeastforlocalcultureandatasteofHawaiianspecialtieslikepoi,pokeandmahimahi.BoraBoraHere,you’llfindcharmingbeaches,thickjunglesandluxuriousresorts.Theisland’sextinctvolcano,MountOtemanu,makesforagreatphotoopportunityorchallenginghike,andthefriendlyBoraBoralocalscanhelpyoucatchtheisland’sbestsights.Torelax,headtoMatiraBeachforclearwaterandsoftwhitesand.AlthoughatriptoBoraBoraisveryexpensive,mosttravelerssayit’swortheverypenny.1.Whichplacewillbepreferredbyastronomyfans?A.Paris. B.Maui. C.BoraBora. D.SouthIsland.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoatMaui?A.Enjoylocalfood. B.Drivealongthecoastline.C.Gohikingaroundtheisland. D.Walkthroughshoppingdistricts.3.WhatdoweknowaboutBoraBora?A.Mostofitslocalsserveasguides. B.Itisabeachwithfantasticscenery.C.Therearehikingtrailsinthejungles. D.Itisappealingdespitethecostlytrip.【答案】1.D2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个世界上最好的旅游胜地。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据SouthIsland中“Besides,journeytotheUniversityofCanterbury’sMountJohnObservatorytostareupatthestarryskiesatnight.(此外，您还可以前往坎特伯雷大学的约翰山天文台，在夜晚凝视星空)”可知，天文爱好者更喜欢SouthIsland。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Maui中“YoushouldalsoattendafeastforlocalcultureandatasteofHawaiianspecialtieslikepoi,pokeandmahimahi.(你还应该参加当地文化盛宴，品尝夏威夷特色美食，如印度芋泥、poke和mahimahi)”可知，游客在毛伊岛可以享受当地食物。故选A。3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“AlthoughatriptoBoraBoraisveryexpensive,mosttravelerssayit’swortheverypenny.(虽然去波拉波拉岛旅行很贵，但大多数旅行者说这是物有所值的)”可知，尽管路途昂贵，但BoraBora很吸引人。故选D。BWilliamDunnisthefounderofTakeaKidFishing,Inc,anonprofitorganizationinLakeland,Florida,whichteachespoorandfatherlesskidsthroughthesportoffishing.Adozenyearsago,inspiredbyhissixyearoldfatherlessneighbor,Camran,whogotangryandshoutedathismom,WilliamaskedCamran’smomforpermissiontotakeCamranfishing.Camranwas“hooked”fromthatfirsttrip.Thetwofishedtogetherseveraltimesaweek,andWilliamsawpositivechangesinCamran’sbehavior.“That’swhenIrealizedthatIhadthedutytohelpfatherlesskids,”hesays.Onweekends,Williamandafewothervolunteerstake20to25kidsoutfishingonarentalboat,whichwassupportedbythecaptainoftheDoubleEagle.Manyhaveneverbeenfishingorevenonaboat,soWilliam—orBigWill,asthekidscallhim—startsbyteachingthebasics.Thenethelifelessonsthatfishingoffers:patience,teamworkandthesimplejoyofrelaxingintheoutdoors.TakeaKidFishing,Inc.hastakenmorethan600fishingtripswithalmost2,000kidswhodon’thaveafatherintheirlives.Hewantstosharehisloveoffishingwithkidswhodon’thaveafathertotakethem.“IjustwanttoshowthemthatIcareaboutthem,thatI’mthereforthem,”hesays.Becausemanykidsgoonmultipletrips,Williamisabletobuildrelationshipswiththem.HeandCamran,now20,stillregularlyfishtogether,andCamranseesBigWillasafatherfigure.TakeaKidFishing,Inc.,hasahugeimpact,butitstartedbecauseWilliamwantedtohelponekid.Doyouknowachildwhomightbenefitfromyourfriendship?Introducethemtofishingoranotherhobbyyouenjoy.Youcanmakeagreatdifferencetotheirlife.4.WhatinspiredWilliamDunntofoundTakeaKidFishing,Inc.?A.Kids’passionforfishing. B.Positivechangesofafatherlessneighbor.C.Unfortunateexperiencesoffatherlesskids. D.Behaviorofothervolunteerstohelpfatherlesskids.5.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.Manykidsexpectedfishingexperiences. B.Fewkidsparticipatedinthefishingtrips.C.Theorganizationtaughtmorethanbasicskills. D.Thefishingboatwasofferedbyothervolunteers.6.WedoweknowaboutWilliamDunnfromthetext?A.Heisanexperiencedcaptain. B.Hethinkspanymattersinkids’lives.C.Hehadanunhappychildhoodasafatherlesskid. D.Hewantedtoraisemoneyforthefatherlesskids.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.FishingChangesFatherlessKids’Life B.FriendshipHasaGreatImpactonKidsC.FishingOffersKidstheJoyofRelaxing D.TheLoveofFishingBondsFamilyTogether【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了WilliamDunn创立非营利组织“带孩子钓鱼公司”，该组织通过钓鱼运动教育贫困和无父的孩子。文章还介绍了创立背后的原因以及“带孩子钓鱼公司”的影响力。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Adozenyearsago,inspiredbyhissixyearoldfatherlessneighbor,Camran,whogotangryandshoutedathismom,WilliamaskedCamran’smomforpermissiontotakeCamranfishing.Camranwas“hooked”fromthatfirsttrip.Thetwofishedtogetherseveraltimesaweek,andWilliamsawpositivechangesinCamran’sbehavior.“That’swhenIrealizedthatIhadthedutytohelpfatherlesskids,”hesays.(十几年前，他6岁的没有父亲的邻居卡姆兰对妈妈发脾气，威廉受到启发，请求卡姆兰的妈妈允许他带卡姆兰去钓鱼。卡姆·兰从第一次旅行开始就“上瘾”了。两人每周一起钓鱼几次，威廉看到了卡姆兰行为上的积极变化。“那时我意识到我有责任帮助那些没有父亲的孩子，”他说)”可知，一个没有父亲的邻居的积极变化启发威廉·邓恩创立了“带孩子钓鱼公司”。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thenethelifelessonsthatfishingoffers:patience,teamworkandthesimplejoyofrelaxingintheoutdoors.(然后是钓鱼带给我们的人生教训：耐心、团队合作以及在户外放松的简单乐趣)”可推知，该组织教授的不仅仅是基本技能。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“IjustwanttoshowthemthatIcareaboutthem,thatI’mthereforthem(我只是想让他们知道，我关心他们，我会在他们身边)”可知，威廉·邓恩认为陪伴在孩子的生活中很重要。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“WilliamDunnisthefounderofTakeaKidFishing,Inc,anonprofitorganizationinLakeland,Florida,whichteachespoorandfatherlesskidsthroughthesportoffishing.(威廉·邓恩是佛罗里达州莱克兰的非营利组织“带孩子钓鱼公司”的创始人，该组织通过钓鱼运动教育贫困和无父的孩子)”结合文章还介绍了创立背后的原因以及“带孩子钓鱼公司”的影响力。可知，A选项“钓鱼改变了没有父亲的孩子的生活”最符合文章标题。故选A。CInspiredbyseacucumbers,engineershavedesignedtinyrobotsthatrapidlyshiftbetweenliquidandsolidstates.Ontopofbeingabletoshapeshift,therobotsaremagneticandcanconductelectricity.Theresearchersputtherobotsthroughanobstaclecourseofmobilityandshapechangingtestsinastudy.Wheretraditionalrobotsarehardbodiedandstiff,“soft”robotshavetheoppositeproblem;theyareflexiblebutweak,andtheirmovementsaredifficulttocontrol.“Givingrobotstheabilitytoswitchbetweenliquidandsolidstatesequipsthemwithmorefunctionality,”saysChengfengPan,anengineeratTheChineseUniversityofHongKongwholedthestudy.Theteamcreatedthenewshapeshiftingmaterialbyputtingmagneticparticles(磁性粒子)inametal.Researcherstestedthematerial’smobilityandstrengthinavarietyofcontexts.Withtheaidofamagneticfield,therobotsjumpedovergaps,climbedwalls,andevensplitinhalftocooperativelymoveotherlobjectsaroundbeforebiningitselftogether.“Now,we’repushingthismaterialsysteminmorepracticalwaystosolvesomeveryspecificmedicalandengineeringproblems,”saysPan,Onthebiomedicalside,theteamusedtherobotstoremoveaforeignobjectfromamodelstomachandtodeliverdrugsondemandintothesamestomach.“Futureworkshouldfurtherexplorehowtheserobotscouldbeusedwithinabiomedicalcontext,”saysPan.“Whatwe’reshowingarejustoneoffdemonstrations,proofsofconcept,butmuchmorestudywillberequiredtofindhowthiscouldactuallybeusedfordrugdeliveryorforremovingforeignobjects.”8.Whatistheadvantageofthenewrobot?A.Itiseasytocontrol. B.Itismoreintelligent.CItchangesstatesflexibly. D.Itadaptstosurroundingsquickly.9.Whatmakesthemovementoftherobotpossible?A.Thestrengthofthemetal. B.Thevarietyofthecontexts.C.Theliquidstateofthematerial. D.Thepresenceofthemagneticfield.10.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph4?A.Toexplainthetheory,ofthesystem.B.Tofindsolutionstotechnicalproblems.C.Toshowtheapplicationofthenewrobot.D.Toillustrateimprovementinbiomedicalfield.11.WhatmightChengfengPanagree?A.Furtherstudyontherobotisneeded.B.Theconceptoftherobotneedstobeproven.C.Drugdeliverycanbestrengthenedbyrobots.D.Themedicalworldwillbegreatlychanged.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新机器人的优势以及需要对机器人进行进一步的研究。受海参的启发，工程师们设计出了能在液态和固态之间快速转换的微型机器人。除了能够变形外，这些机器人还具有磁性，可以导电。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Inspiredbyseacucumbers,engineershavedesignedtinyrobotsthatrapidlyshiftbetweenliquidandsolidstates.（受海参的启发，工程师们设计出了能在液态和固态之间快速转换的微型机器人。）”可知，这种新机器人的优点是它可以灵活地改变状态。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ontopofbeingabletoshapeshift,therobotsaremagneticandcanconductelectricity.Theresearchersputtherobotsthroughanobstaclecourseofmobilityandshapechangingtestsinastudy.（除了能够变形外，这些机器人还具有磁性，可以导电。在一项研究中，研究人员让机器人通过了移动障碍和形状变化测试。）”可知，磁场的存在使机器人的运动成为可能。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“‘Now,we’repushingthismaterialsysteminmorepracticalwaystosolvesomeveryspecificmedicalandengineeringproblems,’saysPan,Onthebiomedicalside,theteamusedtherobotstoremoveaforeignobjectfromamodelstomachandtodeliverdrugsondemandintothesamestomach.（“现在，我们正在以更实际的方式推动这种材料系统，以解决一些非常具体的医学和工程问题，”潘说。在生物医学方面，该团队使用机器人从模型胃中移除异物，并按需将药物输送到同一胃中。）”可知，第四段的目的是“展示新型机器人的应用。”故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Futureworkshouldfurtherexplorehowtheserobotscouldbeusedwithinabiomedicalcontext,’saysPan.（“‘未来的工作应该进一步探索这些机器人如何在生物医学环境中使用，’潘说。）”，可知，潘成峰可能会同意A项“需要对机器人进行进一步的研究。”故选A。DReachingouttosupportapersonwhenthey’reunderstressisalwaysagoodidea.Infact,anewstudysuggeststhatsupportcouldbeespeciallyimportantforsomeonewhosegeneticqualitymakesthemmorelikelytodevelopdepression.Thestudyshowstheimportanceofsocialsupporttobuffertheriskrofdevelopingdepressionsymptomsingeneral.Thestudyusesdatafromtwoverydifferentgroupsofpeopleunderstress:newdoctorsinthemostintenseyearoftraining，andolderadultswhosebelovedonesrecentlydied.Thefindingshowsgreatestimpactofsocialsupportinthosewithhighestriskscoresfordepression.paredtoothergroupsofindividualsinthestudywhohadlowdepressionriskscores,thedoctorsandwidowswithhigherriskscoreshadhigherratesofdepressionaftertheylostsocialsupport,butalsohadlowerratesofdepressionwhentheygainedsocialsupportduringstressfultimes.Sen,whoisthedirectoroftheEisenbergFamilyDepressionCenteraddsthatevenasgeneticresearchrevealsmoreoftheDNAvariation(变异)relatedtodepressionvulnerability,learninghowthatvariationleadstodepressioniscrucial.“Furtherunderstandingthedifferentgeneticmapsassociatedwithsensitivitytolossofsocialsupport,lackofsleep,excessiveworkstressandotherriskfactorscouldhelpusdeveloppersonalizedguidancefordepressionprevention,”hesaid.“Inthemeantime,thesefindingsreaffirmhowimportantsocialconnections,socialsupportandindividualsensitivitytothesocialenvironmentareasfactorsinwellbeingandpreventingdepression.”Besides,thedatausedinthestudyisbasedonpeopleofEuropeanorigin,whichlimitstheabilitytogeneralizethefindingstopeopleofotherbackgrounds.SennotedthatadditionalworkisbeingdonetocollectscoresbasedondepressionrelatedgeneticcharacteristicsinotherpopulationsincludingpeopleofEastAsianandAfricanblood.12.Whatdoesthenewstudyfind?A.Depressioncanbepassedonamonggenerations.B.Oneisgeneticqualityisrelatedtodepression.C.Socialsupportcanreducegeneticdepressionrisk.D.Peoplewithoutsupporttend.tofeeldepressed.13.Howdotheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A.Bycollectingdata. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bystudyingpapers. D.Bydoingexperiments.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerability”meaninParagraph4?A.Tendency. B.Weakness. C.Awareness. D.Reduction.15.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.DepressionwillleadtoDNAvariation.B.Geneticmapscanguideustowellbeing.C.Furtherdataaretobecollectedforthestudy.D.Individualsensitivityisagreatdepressionrisk.【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。当一个人处于压力之下时，伸出援助之手总是一个好主意。事实上，一项新的研究表明，对于那些遗传品质使他们更容易患抑郁症的人来说，支持可能尤其重要。这项研究显示了社会支持在缓解抑郁症状风险方面的重要性。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Infact,anewstudysuggeststhatsupportcouldbeespeciallyimportantforsomeonewhosegeneticqualitymakesthemmorelikelytodevelopdepression.（事实上，一项新的研究表明，对于那些遗传品质使他们更容易患抑郁症的人来说，支持可能尤其重要。）”可知，新的研究发现“社会支持可以降低遗传性抑郁症的风险。”故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thestudyusesdatafromtwoverydifferentgroupsofpeopleunderstress:newdoctorsinthemostintenseyearoftraining，andolderadultswhosebelovedonesrecentlydied.（这项研究使用了两组截然不同的压力人群的数据:一组是刚接受了最紧张训练的新医生，另一组是亲人最近去世的老年人。）”可知，研究者通过收集数据来完成研究。故选A。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词后半句“learninghowthatvariationleadstodepressioniscrucial.（了解这种变异是如何导致抑郁的至关重要。）”和“evenasgeneticresearchrevealsmoreoftheDNAvariation(变异)relatedtodepressionvulnerability,可知，基因研究揭示了更多与抑郁趋向性相关的DNA变异可知，划线词的意思是“趋势，倾向性”。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Besides,thedatausedinthestudyisbasedonpeopleofEuropeanorigin,whichlimitstheabilitytogeneralizethefindingstopeopleofotherbackgrounds.SennotedthatadditionalworkisbeingdonetocollectscoresbasedondepressionrelatedgeneticcharacteristicsinotherpopulationsincludingpeopleofEastAsianandAfricanblood.（此外，研究中使用的数据是基于欧洲血统的人，这限制了将研究结果推广到其他背景的人的能力。Sen指出，在东亚和非洲血统的其他人群中，正在进行其他工作，以收集与抑郁症相关的遗传特征的分数。）”可知，这项研究还需要收集更多的数据。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Risingparentalexpectationsandcriticismarelinkedtoanincreaseinperfectionismamongcollegestudents.____16____Theymayincludedepression,anxietyandselfharm.____17____Priorresearchhasshownthatperfectionistsbeemoreneurotic(神经质的)andlesscarefulastheygetolder.Perfectionismalsocanpassthroughgenerations,withperfectionistparentsraisingperfectionistchildren.Threetypesofperfectionismwereincreasingamongyoungpeople.Selforientedperfectionisminvolvesperfectioniststandardsabouttheself.____18____Thatistosay,someoneexpectsotherstobeperfection.Sociallyprescribedperfectionismistheperceptionthatotherpeopleandsocietyrequireperfection.Thethreetypesofperfectionisminteractandevenworsentheeffectsofeachotherinnegativeways.Parentalexpectationshadalargerimpactthanparentalcriticismonselforientedandotherorientedperfectionism.____19____Parentalexpectationshaveahighcostwhenthey’reperceivedasexcessive.Youngpeopletakeinthoseexpectationsanddependonthemfortheirselfesteem.Andwhentheyfailtomeetthem,they’llbecriticalofthemselvesfornotmatchingup.Topensate,theystrivetobeperfect.Parentscanhelptheirchildrennavigatesocietalpressuresinahealthywaybyteachingthemthatfailure,orimperfection,isanormalandnaturalpartoflife.Anothermethodistofocusonlearninganddevelopment,nottestscoresorsocialmediatohelpchildrendevelophealthyselfesteem.____20____A.Perfectionismoftenbeesalifelongcharacter.B.Soparentalexpectationsmaybemoredamaging.C.Itcanhavedamagingmentalhealthconsequences.D.Selfrespectisimportanttoteenagers’development.E.Otherorientedtypeisperfectionismturnedoutward.F.Thesewayscanbeeffectivetocopewithperfectionism.G.Theoldertheyare,themorelikelytheywillbeperfectionists.【答案】16.C17.A18.E19.B20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了完美主义对心理健康造成破坏性的影响以及应对措施。【16题详解】下文“Theymayincludedepression,anxietyandselfharm.(可能包括抑郁、焦虑和自残)”都是心理健康中的不良表现，选项C“它会对心理健康造成破坏性的影响。”说明完美主义对心理健康造成破坏性的影响。故选C项。【17题详解】下文“Priorresearchhasshownthatperfectionistsbeemoreneurotic(神经质的)andlesscarefulastheygetolder.(先前的研究表明，完美主义者随着年龄的增长会变得更神经质，更不小心)”介绍了完美主义的特点，选项A“完美主义往往成为一种终生的性格。”引导本段，概括完美主义的特点。故选A项。【18题详解】上文“Selforientedperfectionisminvolvesperfectioniststandardsabouttheself.(自我导向型完美主义包括对自我的完美主义标准)”介绍自我导向型完美主义，选项E“他人导向型是外显完美主义。”承接上文，介绍另一种完美主义——他人导向型完美主义。故选E项。【19题详解】上文“Parentalexpectationshadalargerimpactthanparentalcriticismonselforientedandotherorientedperfectionism.(父母期望对自我导向型和他人导向型完美主义的影响大于父母批评)”说明父母的期望对完美主义的影响比父母批评还要严重，选项B“所以父母的期望可能更具破坏性。”和上文存在因果关系，因为父母期望影响很大，所以可能更具破坏性。故选B项。【20题详解】上文“Parentscanhelptheirchildrennavigatesocietalpressuresinahealthywaybyteachingthemthatfailure,orimperfection,isanormalandnaturalpartoflife.Anothermethodistofocusonlearninganddevelopment,nottestscoresorsocialmediatohelpchildrendevelophealthyselfesteem.(父母可以通过教育孩子失败或不完美是生活中正常和自然的一部分来帮助他们以一种健康的方式应对社会压力。另一种方法是关注学习和发展，而不是考试成绩或社交媒体，以帮助孩子培养健康的自尊)”介绍了对应完美主义的方法，选项F“这些方法可以有效应对完美主义。”对上述方法做出总结。故选F项。第三部分语言运用(共四节，满分55分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Onceayoungmanwasaskedtopaintaboatofawealthyman.Theyoungmangotsomeredpaintandbrushesandbegantopainttheboat,as____21____bytheowner.Whilepainting,hediscoveredatinyholeintheship’sbodyandquietly____22____it.After____23____ofthepainting,theyoungmanreceivedthemoneyforthepaintjobandleft.____24____,theboat’sownershowedupatthepainter’shousethenextdaywitha____25____check,fargreaterthanthepaintingpayment.Sothisiswhathappened.Theownerforgotto____26____theholewhenheaskedtheyoungmantopainttheboat.Whentheyoungmanwasdonewiththepaint,theowner’skidstooktheboatandwentonafishingtriponcethepainthad____27____.Theownerwasnotthereatthattime.Whenhereturnedanddiscoveredthathischildrenhadtakentheboat,hewas____28____becauseherememberedithadahole.Hetriedtocontactthemseveraltimesbutcouldn’t____29____them.Imaginetheowner’s____30____whenhesawthemreturnfromtheirfishingtrip.Afterthat,hecarefully____31____theboatanddiscoveredthattheyoungmanhadrepairedthehole.Theyoungman____32____hischildren’slives!Youmayhaverepairedmany“boatholes”onyourwayevenwithout____33____howmanylivesyoumayhave____34____.Butthesmallestactofkindnessand____35____maybeworthmoretoothers.So,begratefulandkeepbeingkindandthoughtful.21.A.applied B.requested C.begged D.repeated22.A.covered B.brushed C.fixed D.restored23.A.pletion B.preparation C.evaluation D.management24.A.Still B.Moreover C.However D.Even25.A.substantial B.remarkable C.significant D.meaningful26.A.notice. B.introduce C.recognize D.mention27.A.runout B.driedout C.carriedout D.checkedout28.A.sad B.curious C.anxious D.content29.A.find B.locate C.touch D.reach30.A.regret B.shame C.satisfaction D.delight31.A.searched B.analyzed C.examined D.explored32.A.helped B.protected C.prevented D.spared33.A.realizing B.understanding C.accepting D.counting34.A.impressed B.moved C.impacted D.encountered35.A.thoughtfulness B.attention C.concentration D.mindfulness【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.C25.A26.D27.B28.C29.D30.D31.C32.B33.A34.C35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个年轻人在给船主刷油漆的时候，随手补好了船上的洞，却意外救了船主孩子的生命。告诉我们最小的善意和体贴的行为可能对别人更有价值。所以，要心存感激，保持善良和体贴。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：年轻人拿了一些红颜料和刷子，按照船主的要求开始给船涂漆。A.applied应用；B.requested要求；C.begged恳求；D.repeated重复。根据后文“bytheowner”指年轻人按照船主的要求开始给船涂漆。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在画画的时候，他发现船体上有一个小洞，就悄悄地把它修好了。A.covered覆盖；B.brushed刷；C.fixed修理；D.restored修复。根据后文“theyoungmanhadrepairedthehole”可知，年轻人修好了船上的洞。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这油漆完成后，这个年轻人收到了油漆工作的钱就离开了。A.pletion完成；B.preparation准备；C.evaluation评价；D.management管理。根据后文“ofthepainting,theyoungmanreceivedthemoneyforthepaintjobandleft”可知，年轻人完成了工作就拿钱离开了。故选A。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，第二天，船主出现在油漆工的家里，带来了一张数额远大于油漆费的支票。A.Still仍然；B.Moreover此外；C.However然而；D.Even甚至。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，第二天，船主出现在油漆工的家里，带来了一张数额远大于油漆费的支票。A.substantial大量的；B.remarkable非凡的；C.significant重要的；D.meaningful有意义的。根据后文“fargreaterthanthepaintingpayment.”指船主带了一张数额远大于油漆费的支票。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当船主让年轻人给船涂漆时，他忘了提到那个洞。A.notice注意到；B.introduce介绍；C.recognize识别；D.mention提及。结合上文可知，洞是年轻人自己发现的，说明船主忘了提到那个洞。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当这个年轻人完成油漆后，等油漆干透了，船主的孩子们就乘着船去钓鱼了。A.runout用完；B.driedout变干；C.carriedout实施；D.checkedout结账离开。根据上文“theowner’skidstooktheboatandwentonafishingtriponcethepainthad”可知，等油漆干透了，船主的孩子们就乘着船去钓鱼了。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他回来发现他的孩子们把船开走了，他很着急，因为他记得船有一个洞。A.sad悲伤的；B.curious好奇的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.content满意的。根据后文“becauseherememberedithadahole”可知，船主很着急，因为他记得船有一个洞。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试着联系他们几次，但都没有联系上。A.find找到；B.locate定位；C.touch触碰；D.reach到达，联系。呼应上文“Hetriedtocontactthemseveraltimes”指没能联系上孩子。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：想象一下当主人看到他们钓鱼归来时的喜悦。A.regret后悔；B.shame羞愧；C.satisfaction满意；D.delight高兴。根据后文“whenhesawthemreturnfromtheirfishingtrip”可知，船主看到孩子平安归来，十分高兴。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：之后，他仔细检查了船，发现那个年轻人已经把洞修好了。A.searched搜索；B.analyzed分析；C.examined检查；D.explored探索。根据后文“theboatanddiscoveredthattheyoungmanhadrepairedthehole”检查了船体发现洞被修好了。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人保护了他孩子们的生命！A.helped帮助；B.protected保护；C.prevented阻止；D.spared抽出。根据后文“hischildren’slives”可知，年轻人修好了船洞，保护了孩子们的生命。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能以你的方式修补了许多“船洞”，甚至没有意识到你可能影响了多少人的生活。A.realizing意识到；B.understanding理解；C.accepting接受；D.counting计算。根据后文“howmanylivesyoumayhave”指意识到自己的行为影响了别人。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能以你的方式修补了许多“船洞”，甚至没有意识到你可能影响了多少人的生活。A.impressed使印象深刻；B.moved移动；C.impacted影响；D.encountered遇到。根据上文“howmanylivesyoumayhave”指自己的行为影响他人的生活。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是最小的善意和体贴的行为可能对别人更有价值。A.thoughtfulness体贴；B.attention注意力；C.concentration专心；D.mindfulness关注。呼应后文“So,begratefulandkeepbeingkindandthoughtful.(所以，要心存感激，保持善良和体贴)”指最小的善意和体贴的行为可能对别人更有价值。故选A。第Ⅱ卷注意：请用毫米黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第二节(共10小题;每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dressedinlongrobes,acrowdofyoungpeoplewandersaroundroyalgardens,withtheirflowingsleevesandskirtsgentrywavinginthelightwind.Theyarenotactorsnoractressesinamovieset,____36____HanfuenthusiastsinathemedeventheldinBeijing.Benefitingfromthegrowing____37____(popular)ofsocialmediaandapassionfortraditionalculture,Hanfu,thetraditionalclothingoftheHanethnicgroup,wasbroughtbackto____38____cuttingedgebyanewwaveofyoungChinesedevotees.ManyHanfumunitieswerefoundedfollowingaHanfurevivalmovement____39____emergedfromthedesiretoexpressnationalidentityandtheir____40____(grow)curtualconfidence.Sincethen,somepeoplehavebeenvolunteeringtosupportthesegroupsInrecentyears,anumberofcostumedramas____41____(gain)admirationamongaudiencesandsomeInternetcelebrities.Hanfuisbeingmoreandmore____42____(attr