人教版（2023）选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement 测试卷（含答案）

第第页人教版（2023）选择性必修第一册Unit1PeopleofAchievement测试卷（含答案）Unit1PeopleofAchievement测试卷

一、阅读理解

GeorgeShullwasbornin1874onafarminClarkCounty,Obio,andhisknowledgeofplantsandhybridscameatanearlyage.Beingneededonthefarm,Shullreceivedhisearlyformaleducationoffandon.However,itwassupplemented(增补)byintensehomestudysothatby1892.hewasteachinginapublicschool,andlaterattendingAntiochCollege.

In1901,hegraduatedfromAntiochandwenttotheUniversityofChicagotodograduatework.Withhisknowledgeofbotanyandexperiencewithfarmingpractices,ShullpassedaCivilServiceexam,andwasappointedasabotanicalassistantattheU.S.NationalHerbarium.HealsoworkedattheU.S.BureauofPlantIndustryasabotanicalexpertexaminingtheplantsandanimalsofChesapeakeBayandCurrituckSound.ThedatahecollectedduringthistimewastocomprisehisPh.D．thesis(论文).Andin1904hewasappointedtobeinchargeofplantworkattheStationforExperimentalEvolution.

Hebeganworkingoncornin1905.FollowingGregorMendel’sexample,Shullobtainedpurebred(纯种的)linesofcornthroughself-pollination(自花受粉).Thepure-bredlineswerelesshealthyandproductive,butwhenhecrossedthepure-bredlines,thehybridyieldswerebetterthananyoftheparentsorthosepollinatedintheopenfields.Heimmediatelyrecognizedthepotentialforusingthisstrategytoimprovecropyields.

In1915,ShullacceptedaprofessorshipatPrincetonUniversity.Withhisencouragement,PrincetonUniversityPressbeganthepublicationofanewjournal,Genetics.Shullwasthemanagingeditorfortenyears.Geneticsisstilloneofthetopinternationalsciencejournals.

Shullretiredin1942.Heandhiswifespentmostoftheirlateryearswiththeirchildrenandgrandchildren.

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“offandon”inparagraph1mean

A．Notsurprisingly.B．Veryformally.C．Veryexcellently.D．Notregularly.

2．What’sparagraph2mainlyabout

A．GeorgeShull’scontributions.B．GeorgeShull’sresearch

C．GeorgeShull’sworkexperience.D．GeorgeShull’seducation.

3．WhatwassospecialaboutShull’smethodofcornbreeding

A．Itcompletelyreliedonself-pollination.B．ItwasfirstpublishedinGenetics.

C．ItwaswidelyacceptedinOhio.D．Itfocusedoncrossingpure-bredlines.

4．Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopthetext

A．Bygivingexamples.B．Byfollowingtimeorder.

C．Bymakingcomparisons.D．Bypresentingascientificstudy.

China’sfamousscientist,theClothShoesAcademicianLiXiaowenpassedawayonJanuary10th,2023inBeijingattheageof67.Hundredsofthousandsofcitizenssanghighpraiseforhimonline,showingtheirrespecttotheleadingauthorityinremotesensingfield.FollowingLiXiaowen’slastwish,hisfamilyheldasimplefuneralforhim,whilemanyadmirersfromalloverthecountrycametothefuneralforremembrance.SomenationalleadersincludingPremierLiKeqiangalsosentawreath.

LiwasaprofessoratBeijingNormalUniversityandanacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofSciences.Hisresearchachievementshaveadvancedthedevelopmentofremotesensingscience,andmadeChinaoneoftheleadersinthisfield.HealsoreceivedseveralfamousscienceprizesfromChina.Hepublished1,878essaysonhisblogsince2023.AllhisstudentshavethumbeduptoLiforhiscontributionstothedevelopmentofremotesensing.Hewasknowntoeveryoneintheremotesensingcircle,butwasimpressiveoncitizensforaphoto.

Inrecentyears,ProfessorLi’squietandself-effacingbehaviorwasrecognizedthroughsocialmedia.In2023,aphotographofAcademicianLiwastakenbyhisstudent,inwhichhewasattentivelymakingalecturewithshabbyclothes,grizzledhairandstragglingbeard,withoutsocks,andwearingblackclothshoes.Helookedlikeanoldvillager,ratherthanafamousscientist.ThephotobecamepopularontheInternetandearnedhimthetitleofthe“ClothShoesAcademician.”Hissimpleplainimage,kindnesstoallhisstudentsanddedicationtohiscareerarethreeimportantfeaturesonhim.Alltheseareprecioustoeducationalandacademiccommunity.

“ThesocietyischangeablebutAcademicianLiisquiet.Hefacedallstuffwithhischaractersofquietnessandsimplicity.Itisclearthathehasbecomethe‘TeacherImmortal’.”saidGeYuejing,aseniorleaderofBeijingNormalUniversity.

5．WhywasLiXiaowenpopularwithcitizens

A．Hehadgreatachievementswhilehelivedasimplelife.

B．Hehadhighsocialstatuewhileheworeshabbyclothes.

C．Hewasfamousintheworldwhilehewaskindtostudents.

D．Hewaspoorwhilehededicatedmuchtohiscareer.

6．Thesecondparagraphmainlytellsus________.

A．whyLiXiaowenwascalledtheClothShoesAcademician

B．howLiXiaowenwaslovedbyhisstudents

C．howLiXiaowendidhisresearch

D．whatachievementsLiXiaowenhasmade

7．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage

A．PremierLiKeqiangcametoLiXiaowen’sfuneral.

B．AgoodteacherneedstopublishessaysontheInternet.

C．SocialmediamadeProfessorLiXiaowenworld-famous.

D．ProfessorLi’sattitudetolifeandhiscareerearnedhimselfhighpraiseandrespect.

Whydoweeatsomuch

Onereasonisbuffetlunches—theyneednoexplanation.Businessdinnersthatlastforhoursalsoencouragepeopletoeattoomuch.Dinnerpartieswithfriendsarealsoculprits,asbeinginagoodmoodgivesyouanappetite.Eatingtooquicklybecauseyouarebusycanalsobeaproblem.Ittakes20minutesforthebraintoreceiveawarningofovereating,sowolfinglunchin10minutesisnotagoodidea.Finally,skippingmealsduetoworkpressurecanleadtobinge-eatingintheevening.

What’swrongaboutovereating

“Takinginhalfthefoodthatyourstomachcancontainisenoughforyoutosurvive.Eatingtoomuchplacesaburdenonyourorgansandcausesmanyhealthproblems,”heatheducationexpertHongShaoguangsaid.

Healthrisks:

Obesity:Countlessscientificstudieshaveprovedthatobesitycausesheartdisease,hypertension,diabetes,arteriosclerosisandothercomplications.

Gastropathy:Overeatingcancausesevereindigestionevendamagethegastrointestinaltract.

Fatigue:Overeatingslowsbrainreactionsandacceleratesthebrain’sagingprocess.

Cancer:Japanesescientistshavefoundthatovereatingcanswitchoffagenethatcombatscancer.

Dementia:Japaneseexpertshavefoundthat30to40percentofseniledementiapatientsoveratewhentheywereyounger.

8．Whichwillnotencouragepeopletoeattoomuchaccordingtothetext

A．Beinginagoodmood.B．Businessdinnerslastingforhours.

C．Toodeliciousfood.D．Eatingtooquickly.

9．HowmuchfoodisenoughforsurvivalaccordingtoHongShaoguang

A．Halfthefoodthatyourstomachcancontain.

B．Asmuchfoodasyourstomachcancontain.

C．Morefoodthanyourstomachcancontain.

D．Aquarterofthfoodthatyourstomachcancontain.

10．Whichisnotthehealthproblemofovereating

A．Heartdisease.B．IndigestionC．LookingolderD．Cancer

FromPennsylvaniafarmgirltotrueheroineofAmericanmicrobiology(微生物学),AliceCatherineEvans(1881—1975)madeoneofthemostmedicallyimportantdiscoveriesofthe20thcentury.Unabletoaffordcollege,shestartedhercareerin1901asanelementaryschoolteacher.ButwhenCornellUniversityofferedafreeclassonnaturetoruralteachers,Alicejumpedatthechanceandthenthecourseofherlife(andhistory)changed.

Whiletakingthatnatureclass,Alicealsotookabasiccourseinagriculture,whichstartedherinterestinbacteriology.ShewentontowinascholarshiptoCornell,earningheraBachelorofSciencedegreeinbacteriologyin1909andthenaMasterofSciencedegreeinthesamefieldfromtheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonin1910.AlicethengotajobintheDairyDivisionoftheBureauofAnimalIndustryattheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture.

Herworkatthebureauinvolvedinvestigatingbacteriainmilkandcheese.In1918,throughherpioneeringresearch,shewasabletoshowthatdrinkingrawmilkcouldpassonthebacterium,Bacillusabortus,whichcausedMaltafever,aninfectiousdiseasepassedfromfarmanimalstohumans.Asaresult,Alicepassionatelyadvocatedthepasteurisation(巴氏杀菌)ofmilktoeffectivelykillthisdisease-causingbacterium.However,herfindingsandrecommendationswerenottakenseriouslybyotherscientists.Butbythelate1920s,otherscientistshadeventuallycometothesameconclusionasAlice,andbythe1930s,thegovernmenthadpassedlawsrequiringthatmilkbepasteurisedtopreventthedisease.

Unfortunately,AliceherselfcontractedMaltafeverin1922,asaresultofherresearch.Shesufferedfromfrequentperiodsofitforyearsbecausethediseaseneverlefthersystem.

AfterleavingtheDepartmentofAgriculture,AliceworkedfortheU.S.HygienicLaboratory,whereshemadevaluablecontributionsinthefieldofinfectiousillness.In1928,shebecamethefirstwomanpresidentoftheSocietyofAmericanBacteriologists.Shediedin1975attheageof94,andwasaddedtotheNationalWomen’sHallofFamein1993.

11．WhatdoweknowaboutAlice

A．Shecamefromawealthyfamily.

B．Shegotherfirstjobasaruralteacher.

C．Shewasadmiredbyotherscientistsinthe1910s.

D．Shedevelopedaninterestinbacteriologyinherchildhood.

12．WhatwasAlice’sdiscoveryin1918accordingtothetext

A．Therewerebacteriainrawmilk.

B．Humanbeingswereeasilyattackedbybacteria.

C．Drinkingrawmilkmadepeoplecatchadisease.

D．Farmanimalsweresufferingfromaninfectiousdisease.

13．Howisthetextmainlydeveloped

A．Bydescribingaprocess.B．Byfollowingtimeorder.

C．Bydiscussingresearchexperiments.D．Byexplainingascientist’sbehaviour.

IwasborninapoorcommunityonthenorthsideofBoston,US,raisedbyasinglemotherwhodidn’tfinish3rdgrade,livedeachdayonfoodstampsandattendedwhatthemediacalled“themostdysfunctionalpublicschooldistrict”.Notmanypeopleexpectedmuchofme,soIhadtoexpectsomethingofmyself.

Onmy13thbirthday,IboughtaposterofHarvardtohanginmyroom.BeingatHarvardbecamewhatIdreamtabout.EvenwhenmyelectricitywascutoffandIwokeupat5:30amtopitchblackness,IknewthatmyposterofHarvardwasstillhangingonlytwofeetawayfromme.

RemindingmyselfofmygoaleachdaymadeiteasytosaynotothesamechoicesIsawmypeersmaking,becausethosepathswouldn’thavehadmeclosertomygoal.EvenpovertycouldnottakeawaymypowertodecidewhatIchoosetodowithmyday.Thepostergavemethecouragetocoldemailabout50HarvardstudentssoIcouldaskforfeedbackonmyapplicationessays;itgavemetheenergytostudyjustonemorehouronmySATswhenmyfriendswereasleep;anditgavemethedeterminationtosubmitjustonemorescholarshipapplicationwhen180othershadalreadyturnedmedown.

EverydayIcouldfeelmyselfgettingcloserandclosertomygoalasmywritinggotbetter,mySATscoreincreased,andmyscholarshipchecksstartedcomingin.Finally,anemailarrivedfromHarvard.Thefirstwordwas“Congratulations!”Amonthlater,HarvardflewmeuptovisitthecampuswhereforthefirsttimeIsteppedontomydreamingland.

Whoyouaretodayistheresultofthedecisionsyoumadeyesterday,andwhoyouwillbetomorrowwillbetheresultofthechoicesyoumaketoday.Whodoyouwanttobetomorrow

14．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph

A．Heexperienceddisability.B．Hegrewupinahappyfamily.

C．Heacceptedspecialeducation.D．Hehadhighexpectationofhimself.

15．Whateffortsdidtheauthormaketoachievehisgoal

A．Helearntfromhispeersfromtimetotime.

B．Heoftenwrotefeedbacksonothers’essays.

C．Hespentmoretimepreparingfortheexams.

D．Heconsultedhisteacherwhenfacingproblems.

16．Whichcanbestdescribetheauthor’scharacter

A．Courageousandfriendly.B．Generousandselfless.

C．Intelligentandhumorous.D．Determinedandhardworking.

17．Whichofthefollowingcanbethemainideaofthetext

A．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

B．Perseverancecanrealizeyourdream.

C．Thelongestjourneybeginswiththefirststep.

D．Yoursuccessinlifeliesinyourhardshipinthepast.

How’sthisforacoincidence(巧合)CharlesDarwinandAbrahamLincolnwereborninthesameyear,onthesameday:Feb.12,1809.Althoughpeoplehardlythinkofthemtogether,yetwewanttosaythattheybelongtogether.It’snotjustbecausetheywerebothgreatmen,andnotbecausetheyhappentoliveatthesametime.Rather,it’sbecausethescientistandthepoliticianeachstartedarevolutionthatchangedtheworld.

Theywerebothrevolutionariesinthesensethatbothmenchangedtherealitieswhentheywereborn.Theyseemandsoundmoderntous,becausetheworldtheyleftbehindthemismoreorlesstheonewestilllivein.So,consideringthejointgreatnessoftheircontributionsandthecoincidenceoftheirbirthdaysitishardtowonder:whowasthegreatestmanIt’sanapplesandorangesorSupermanvs.Santacomparison.Butifyoulimitthequestiontoinfluence,veryquicklythebalancetipsinLincoln’sfavor.

Asgreatashisbookonevolutionis,itdoesnoharmtorememberthatDarwinhurriedtopublishTheOriginofSpeciesbecausehethoughthewasabouttobescooped(抢先)byhisfellownaturalistAlfredRusselWallace.Lincoln,however,isunique.True,hiselectionasthepresidentdidcausetherecession(衰退)andthewar,butthatwarseemscertaintohappennotaquestionofifbutwhen.Certainlyweknowwhathappenedafterhewasmurdered:Reconstructionwasorganizedandthenabandoned,leavingtheissueofracial(种族的)equalityunsolvedforanothercentury.

SurelyweshouldnotdenyDarwin’saccomplishment.Buttheirsamebirthdaysgaveusagreatopportunitytoobservethesemenoftheirtime.

18．WhydoestheauthorsayCharlesDarwinandAbrahamLincolnbelongtogether

A．Theywerebornonthesameday.

B．Theylivedinthesameperiodoftime.

C．Theystartedrevolutionschangingtheworld.

D．Theywerebothgreatmeninthehistory.

19．Whatdoestheauthormeanby“anapplesandorangesorSupermanvs.Santa--comparison”

A．Itishardtotellwhichoneisgreaterastheyarebothoutstanding.

B．ThecomparisonbetweenDarwinandLincolniseasyandobvious.

C．ItisdifficulttocomparethemastheyareasfamousasSupermanandSanta.

D．Thereisnopointcomparingthembecausetheywerebornonthesameday.

20．Lincoln’scontributiontotheworldcanbebestdescribedas__________

A．narrow.B．aggressive.

C．independent.D．ground-breaking.

21．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage

A．Lincoln’ssuccessinelectioncausedreconstruction.

B．Lincolnhadtriedtosolvetheracialproblem.

C．DarwinwasuniquecomparedwithLincoln.

D．Darwin’stheoryissimilartoLincoln’sbelief.

二、七选五

AlbertEinsteinheldasmall,roundinstrumentwithaglasscoverandashakingneedleinhispalm.22Albert’sfathercalleditacompassAlbertcalleditamystery.Nomatterhowhemovedthecompass,theneedlealwayspointedtothenorth.

Somethingwasintheroomwithhim,Albertrealized—somethinghecouldn’tseeorfeel,butthatactedonthecompassjustthesame.Puzzledandattracted,Albertlistenedtohisfatherexplainmagnetism,thestrangeforcethatmadethecompassneedlepointnorth.23Tomanychildrenthecompasswouldhavebeenjustanothertoy.ToAlbertthecompasswasamiraclehewouldneverforget.

24BornonMarch14,1879,Alberthadn’tlookedlikeotherbabies.Asshecradledhernew-soninherarms,PaulineEinsteinthoughtthebackofhisheadlookedstrange.WassomethingwrongwithAlbertAlthoughthedoctortoldPaulineeverythingwasfine,severalweekspassedbeforetheshapeofAlbert’sheadbegantolookrighttoher.WhenAlbertwasone,hisfamilymovedtoMunich,wherehissister,Maja,wasbornayearlater.25Wherewerethebaby’swheelsThedisappointedtwo-year-oldwantedtoknow.Alberthadexpectedababysistertobesomethinglikeatoy,andmostofhistoyshadwheels.

Atanagewhenmanychildrenhavelotstosay,Albertseemedstrangelybackward.Thenine-year-oldstillhadtroubleputtinghisthoughtsintowords.ButAlbertwasagoodlistenerandagoodthinker.WhenhewenthikingwithhisparentsandMaja,hethoughtabouthisfather’scompassandwhatithadrevealedtohim.Theclear,opengrasslandswerefilledwithmorethanthewindorthepleasantsmellofflowers.26Theverythoughtofitquickenedhispulse.

A．Theywerealsofilledwithmagnetism.

B．Alberthadalwaysbeendifferentfromotherchildren.

C．Thefive-year-oldstaredathishandasifitheldmagic.

D．Theinvisibleforcemakesthecompassmorethanatoytoall.

E．Lookingdownatthetinysleepingparcel,Albertwaspuzzled.

F．Somewhere,thewind,softandmagic,clickedthroughtreebranches.

G．Butnothinghesaidmadetheinvisiblepowerlessmysteriousorwonderful.

三、完形填空

Thedayfinallycame，whenIhadtoleavethewarmhomewhereI'dgrownup.Irantothebackyard（后院），astears(眼泪)cameupfrommyheart.SuddenlyI27ahandrestonmyshoulder.Ilookedupto28mygrandfather.“Itisn't29，isit，Billy？”hesaidsoftly.

Gently30myhandinhis，wewalked，handinhand，tothefrontyard，31ahugeredrosebushsatalone.“Whatdoyouseehere，Billy？”heasked.Ilookedattheflowers，notknowing32tosay，andthenanswered，“Iseesomethingsoftand33，grandpa.”

Hepulledme34.“Itisn'tjusttherosesthatarebeautiful，Billy.It'sthatspecialplaceinyourheartthatmakesthemso.”“Billy，I35theseroseswhenmyfirstsonwasborn.Itwasmy36ofsaying‘thankyou’toGod.I37towatchhimpickrosesforhismother.Then，asayoungmanofonly20，aterriblewarrobbed（夺去）himofhislife.”Grandpaslowlystoodup.“Neversaygoodbye，Billy.Never38tothesadnessandtheloneliness.Instead，Iwantyoutorememberthejoyandthe39whenyoufirstsaidhellotoafriend.”

Ayearlater，mygrandpabecamevery40.Thenallmembers（成员）ofthefamilywere41back，andIreturnedtotheoldhouse.Whenitcametomy42，Itookhishandas43ashehadoncetakenmine.

“Hello，grandpa，”I44.Hiseyesslowlyopenedandsaid，“Hello，myfriend.”Withabrief45hedied.Suddenlyandtruly，Iknewwhathehad46aboutneversayinggoodbye—aboutrefusingtogiveintosadness.

27．A．feltB．fixedC．watchedD．heard

28．A．watchB．interviewC．discoverD．see

29．A．difficultB．hardC．easyD．comfortable

30．A．makingB．takingC．leadingD．carrying

31．A．whereB．whenC．whichD．while

32．A．whatB．howC．whoD．whether

33．A．redB．tastyC．funnyD．beautiful

34．A．closeB．hardC．farD．around

35．A．boughtB．plantedC．treatedD．discovered

36．A．choiceB．methodC．wayD．solution

37．A．preferredB．wantedC．promisedD．used

38．A．giveupB．giveoffC．giveinD．giveaway

39．A．wordB．happinessC．sightD．memory

40．A．illB．weakC．oldD．serious

41．A．orderedB．calledC．deliveredD．sent

42．A．pleasureB．dutyC．turnD．wish

43．A．happilyB．sadlyC．carefullyD．gently

44．A．laughedB．shoutedC．addedD．whispered

45．A．signB．sighC．smileD．wave

46．A．thoughtB．meantC．worriedD．cared

四、读后续写

47．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Itwas1stJanuary,thefirstdayoftheyearandaholidayforme.Whatluck!Idecidedtowithdrawsomemoneyfromthebank,Thebankperson,anelderlygentlemanwithawhitebeard,repliedindifferentlyasusualtomypolite“HappyNewYear.”HenoddedandIsatinfrontofhim.

Minutespassedbuthedidn’traisehishead.

ThenveryhesitantlyIputmyformandbookletinfrontofhim.Hewasbusyfillingupentriesinhisregister.Afterafewminuteshetookmyformandfromhiscabinethetookoutaverythickfile,fromwhichhestartedfillinginmydetails,Isattherewonderingwhywehadcomputerizedbankingifwewerestillfillinginformsandregister.

Afterwaitingforafewmoreminutes,inwhichIshowedallsignsofbeingimpatient,Iaskedhimifmyworkwasdone.ThemomentIsaidthewords,Ifeltasifabombhadfallenonhim.Heshouted,“Nothingisdone,itwilltaketime!”

JustthenIsawhismorningcupofteawhichhadbeenlyingthereforthelasttenminutes,untouched.Theteahadtunedalmostcoldwhilehewasdoinghiswork.SuddenlyIfeltwhatthisman,whohadbeenworkingatthiscounterforthelastGod-knows-how-manyyears,mustbefeelingwhencustomerslikemecomewhoarealwaysinahurrytogettheirworkdone.Wedonotevenfeeltheneedtothankthemforbeingthere,Hemustbefeelingsoanxiousthat“herecomesanotherpersonwhowillpushmefordoinghisworkfirst.”

注意：

1.所续