17年全程通关专八模考一试卷

MODELTESTONE

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(25MIN)SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE

Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthemini-lectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtothemini-lecture，pleasecompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSAEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.

SECTIONBINTERVIEW

Now,listentoPartOneoftheinterview.

[A]Heusedtobeabiologist.

Hestudiescomedyatschool.

Heisacolumnwriter.

Hemademistakesinlabs.

[A]Theybothhavealonghistory.

Theybothhaveaninfluenceonsociety.

Theyarebothfunnysubjects.

Theyarebothseriousmatters.

[A]Theintervieweeiscurrentlyteachingaclassonstandupcomedy.

Theintervieweethinksitisashametodismisscomedy.

Theintervieweebelievesthatcomedyismoreseriousthansocialcommentary.

Accordingtotheinterviewee,sciencetodayisnolongerconsideredasserious.

[A]Heisfunnyinthelab.

Hestillhashismindfocusedonstandupcomedy.

Hetriestokeephisscientistsideseparatedfromhiscomedianside.

Hegetsmuchsupportfromhisadvisorwhenhecannotfocusonscience.

[A]Itwillreducethepressureoftheexperiment.

Itwilldistractpeoplefromtheirresearch.

Itwillgivepeopletheexcuseformistakes.

Itwilladdinspirationandcreativitytothelab.

Now,listen,toPartTwooftheinterview.

[A]Ittakestoomanyyearstofinishthetraining.

There’sacertainpatternonhowtobecomeascientist.

Everydaylabworkisroutineandboring.

Itishardertomakealiving.

[A]Makingalivingasacomedianisnotthatdifficult.

Currentlyhecansupporthimselfbydoingstandupcomedy.

Itisdifficultforpeopletomakeactualcareersoutofcomedy.

Heisnotsureaboutit.

[A]Itisopenedbytheinterviewee.

ItisahumorcolumninScience.

Theintervieweefeltprivilegedtowriteit.

Thereareotherwritersexcepttheinterviewee.

[A]About24topicshavebeendealtwithbytheinterviewee.

Scientistscanunderstandthehumorbetterbyit.

Mathpunsareoftenemployedinit.

Itsopeningwasduetotheinterviewee’ssuggestion.

[A]Shedoesnotunderstandmathpuns.

Shelaughsalthoughshefindsitnotfunny.

Shefeelsawkwardtotellherfeeling.

Shethinksthejokeishumorous.

PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(45MIN)SECTIONAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONS

PASSAGEONE

WhentheAmericanpsychologistWayneOatesdiedin1999,TheNewYorkTimesbeganhisobituarybynotingtwofacts.First,themanhadauthoredanastonishing57books.Second—andpresumablynotcoincidentally—hehadcoinedthewordworkaholic.Oatesinventedthenow-ubiquitoustermina1968essay，inwhichheconfessedthathisownaddictiontoindustriousnesshadbeenadisordersimilartosubstanceabuse.Ofcourse,heacknowledged,workaholismismuchmoresociallyrespectablethandrinkingafifthaday—morethesortofpersonalitytraitthatmighthelpsomeone,say,earnanobitinthepaperofrecord.

What,precisely,qualifiessomeoneasaworkaholic?There’sstillnosingleacceptedmedicaldefinition.Butpsychologistshavetriedtodistinguishpeoplemerelydevotedtotheircareersfromthetrueaddicts.Aseminal1992paperonhowtomeasuretheconditionarguedthatsufferersworknotonlycompulsivelybutalsowithlittleenjoyment.Newerdiagnostictestsattempttosingleoutthosewho,amongotherbehaviors,bingeandthensufferfromwithdrawal—justassomeonewouldwith,say,agamblingorcocainehabit.

Evenasthepreciseoutlinesofworkaholismremainabitfuzzy,variousstudieshavetriedtoidentifyitsphysicalandemotionaleffects.AttheriskofcarryingonlikeaPfizerad:researchhasassociateditwithsleepproblems,weightgain,highbloodpressure,anxiety,anddepression.That’stosaynothingofitstollonfamilymembers.Perhapsunsurprisingly,spousesofworkaholicstendtoreportunhappinesswiththeirmarriages.Havingaworkaholicparentishardlybetter.Astudyofcollegeundergraduatesfoundthatchildrenofworkaholicsscored72percenthigheronmeasuresofdepressionthanchildrenofalcoholics.Theyalsoexhibitedmore-severelevelsof“parentification”—atermfamilytherapistsuseforsons.anddaughterswho,asthepaperputit,“areparentstotheirownparentsandsacrificetheirownneeds...toaccommodateandcarefortheemotionalneedsandpursuitsofparentsoranotherfamilymember”.

Howmanypeoplearetrueworkaholics?Onerecentestimatesuggeststhatabout10percentofU.

S.adultsmightqualify;theproportionisashighas23percentamonglawyers,doctors,andpsychologists.Stillmorepeoplemaybeinclinedtocallthemselvesworkaholics,whetherornottheyactuallyare:in1998,27percentofCanadianstoldthecountry’sGeneralSocialSurveythattheywereworkaholics,including38percentofthosewithincomesover$80,000.(Evenamongthosewithnoincome,22percentcalledthemselvesworkaholics!Presumablysomewerebusyhomemakersandstudents.)

Theconditionmaywellhaveacertainsocialcachet;asthepsychologist,BryanRobinsononceput

it,Workaddictionmightbe“thebest-dressedmentalhealthproblem”ofthemall.Inoneoftherareeconomicstudiesonthesubject,researchersfoundthattheeducatedandaffluentweremuchmorelikelythanlower-incomeAmericanstoputoffretirement,apossiblesignofworkaholisminaction.Suchdelayedretirementcertainlygivesnewmeaningtothephrase“workedtodeath”.Forwhatit’sworth,theconceptwouldnotraisemanyeyebrowsinJapan,wheregruelingjobhourshavelongbeenanorm,andthere’sawordfordeathbyoverwork—karoshi.Thecountry’scourtshaveevenrecognizeditasabasisforwrongful-deathsuits.

AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutWayneOatesaretrueEXCEPTthat .

hethoughtworkaholismwasnotsociallyrespectable

hehadwritten57books

hebroughtthetermworkaholictotheworld

headmittedhisownaddictiontowork

WhichofthefollowingresultsisNOTrelatedtoworkaholism?

Sleepdisorders.

Weightloss.

Depressionandanxiety.

Unhappymarriages.

Whatcanbeimpliedfrom“whetherornottheyactuallyare”inthefourthparagraph?

Nobodyishardworkingatall.

Somepeoplearemorehardworkingthanothersthink.

Allthepeoplearenotashardworkingasothersthink.

Somepeopleprefertoberegardedashardworking.

Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

Thereasonswhypeoplebecomeworkaholics.

Thedefinitionandharmofworkaholism.

Thecountriesthathavethemostworkaholics.

Themethodsofnotbeingaworkaholic.

PASSAGETWO

ArecentstudybyGermanresearcherspresentsthepossibilityof“carbonfarming”asalessriskyalternativetoothercarboncaptureandstoragetechnologies.ItsuggeststhatasignificantpercentageofatmosphericCO2couldpotentiallyberemovedbyplantingmillionsofacresofahardylittleshrubknownasJatrophacurcas，ortheBarbadosnut,indry,coastalareas.Butotherexpertsraiseddoubtsaboutthestudy’sambitiousprojections,questioningwhethertheBarbadosnutwouldbeabletogrowwellinsandydesertsoilsandabsorbthequantityofcarbontheirmodelspredict.

TheresearchersbehindthestudysayBarbadosnutplantationscouldhelptomitigatethelocaleffectsofglobalwarmingindesertareas,causingadecreaseinaveragetemperatureandanincreaseinprecipitation.IfalargeenoughportionoftheEarthwereblanketedwithcarbonfarms,theysay,theselocaleffectscouldbecomeglobal,capturingbetween17and25metrictonsofCO2perhectareeachyearovera20-yearperiod.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalEarthSystemDynamics,statesthatif730millionhectaresofland—anareaaboutthree-quartersthesizeoftheUnitedStates—weredevotedtothismethodofcarbonfanning,thecurrenttrendofrising

atmosphericCO2levelscouldbehalted.

Carbonfarmswouldnotcompetewithfoodproductioniftheywereconcentratedindrycoastalareas,theresearcherssaid.Intheirscenario,oceansidedesalinationplants，partiallypoweredbybiomassharvestedfromtheplantationsthemselves,providealow-emissionirrigationmethod.ThestudystatesthattheBarbadosnutisuniquelysuitedtogrowinginregionsinhospitabletoothercrops.Theplant,whichproducesanon-edibleseedthatcanbeusedtocreatebiodiesel,iscomfortablegrowingattemperaturesexceeding100degreesFahrenheit.Itcanalsowithstandhighlevelsofcontaminationinthesoil,makingwastewateranotherpotentialsourceforirrigation.Thecostofcarbonfarmingiscomparabletothecostsassociatedwithothercarboncaptureandstoragetechnologies,thestudyasserts.Theresearcherscalculatedthatthetotalcostforaplantationwouldbebetween42and63pertonofcarbon,orbetweenabout$55and$85.Theestimatedcostofcarboncapturetechnologyvarieswidely,butthenonprofitCenterforClimateandEnergySolutionspegsitbetween$36and$81，dependingontheemissionssource.Wulfmeyerstressedthatcarbonfarmingcouldhave“fantasticvalueforthelocalpeople”ifinternationalcarbonmarketspickup,promotingruraldevelopmentandopeningupthepossibilityofadditionalagricultureasthesoilqualityimprovesaroundtheplantation.

Inanemail,VanNoordwijk,chiefscienceadviserfortheWorldAgroforestryCenterinBogor,Indonesia,questionedthegrowthrateandtheatmosphericcarboncaptureratehypothesizedbythestudy’sauthors,callingtheestimatedcarbonpriceoftheplantationsa“substantialunderestimate”.“We’renottalkingabouttreesthatcreatesubstantive，high-densitywoodybiomass，butaboutaplantwithashrubbygrowthhabitandalongtrackrecordofdeceivingfarmerswithyieldpotentialsthatarenotbeingrealized,”hesaid.Also,VanNoordwijksaid,“evenwiththeabundanceofwater,thenutrientstorageinsandydesertsoilislow,andbringinginthenutrientsupplytosupporthighgrowthrateshashighenergycostsifnitrogenousfertilizerisused.”Headded,“Theestimatedcarbonpriceofthisoptionalreadyindicatesthattherearefarbetteropportunitiesforreducingongoingemissionsfrompeatlanduseanddeforestation.”

Accordingtotheresearchersbehindthestudy,allofthefollowingwillhappenEXCEPT .

adecreaseintemperature

anincreaseofrain

themitigationofglobalwarming

thereductionofsoilcontamination

WhichofthefollowingcharacteristicsdoesNOTbelongtotheBarbadosnut?

Hightemperatureresistant.

Theedibleseed.

Adaptabilitytodirtywater.

Biologicalsourcesofenergy.

Whichofthefollowingstatementscannotexplain“fantasticvalueforthelocalpeople”？

Thesoilqualityaroundthecarbonfarmingcanbeimproved.

Theruralareacanbedevelopedasthecarbonmarketsboom.

Therewillbemoreagriculture.

Theyieldofcarbonfarmingissurprising.

WhatistheattitudeofVanNoordwijktowardsthestudy?

[A]Interested.[B]Positive.

[C]Indifferent.

[D]Critical.

PASSAGETHREE

Eatingwhenyou’renothungry—especiallyhigh-calorie,high-fatfoods—maynotalwaysrisetothenewlybroadenedclinicaldefinitionofaneatingdisorder.ButthebehaviorthatformanyAmericansisaroutinepastimecertainlycontributestoexcessweightgain,withitsimplicationsforhealth.Anditisconsidered”disorderedeating"bymostmentalhealthprofessionals.

AstudypublishedonThursdayinthejournalScienceaddstoevidencethatbingeeating—andovereatinggenerally—mayhaveabiologicalbasis.Thenewresearch,conductedonmice,suggestsatargetinthebrainthatdrugdevelopersshouldconsiderinexploringtreatmentsforsuchdisorderedeating.

Notsurprisingly,researchersfocusedtheirattentiononthehypothalamus,oneofthebrain’smostprimitivestructures,akeynodeinthebraincircuitrythatdrivesusto"eatanddrink,toseekoutsexualpartners,andgenerallytocravemoreofwhatmakesusfeelgood.Fromitsseatinthebrain’sdeepestrecesses,thelateralhypothalamusislasheduptotheamygdala,wherebasic,powerfulemotionssuchasfear,angerandloveareprocessed.

Aspartofthelimbicsystem，thesestructuresevolvedearlyintheriseofmammalstoensurethatthenecessitiesforsurvivalandreproductiongottopbillinginbehavior.

Inthe1960s,neuroscientistselectricallystimulatedthelateralhypothalamusandsawthatitplayedakeyroleinfeedingbehavior,andinthereinforcementoffeedingbehavior.Buthowitdidthatremainedamystery.

Toexplorehowthelateralhypothalamusgovernseatingbehavior,agroupofresearchersfromtheUniversityofNorthCarolinausedmiceandarelativelynewtechnique：Todiscernhowcertaincellswork,theygeneticallyengineeredthecellstorespondtolight；then,theyturnedthosecellsonandoff,essentially,withaminiatureflashlight，andwatchedtheresultingbehavior.Theresearchersappliedtheon-offtreatmenttoagroupofcellsintheamygdalaandtheirprojectionsintothelateralhypothalamus.Theyhypothesizedthatthecells,calledthebednucleusofthestriaterminalis,interactwiththehypothalamustoregulateeating.

Sureenough,whenthey“turnedon”theseuniquecellsinmicewhowerewellfed,theresultwasrapidandstriking:Theanimalsimmediatelylaunchedinto“voraciousfeedingbehavior”.Andthemiceclearlyenjoyedtheimpulsetopigout:Theyshowedaclearpreferenceforbeinginthespacetheyassociatedwithhavingthecellsturnedon.

Moreover,giventhechoice,theanimalsmadeabeelinetohigh-fat,high-caloriefoods.

Thetrickworkedmoredramaticallywhenthemice’sfoodwasrestrictedandtheywerethenallowedtoeatatwill.Butevenwhenthemicewerewellfed,thosewiththetargetedcellsturnedoncontinuedtoeatwellaftertheywouldhavebeenfilledup.

Researchhassuggestedthatstress,genesandenvironmentalfactors,suchastheubiquityofhigh-calorie,high-fatfoods,allmaytriggerovereating.Butiffuturetherapiesaimtofortifythevulnerableagainstthosetriggers,theymightwellfocusonthespecialcellstargetedhere,theresearcherssaid.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTthefunctionofthehypothalamus?

Drivingustoeatanddrink.

Urgingustofindaspouse.

Makingusdesiregoodfeelings.

Helpingustofeelfear,angerandlove.

Whatdoweknowfromtheexperimentthatthelateralhypothalamuswaselectricallystimulatedinthe1960s?

Thelateralhypothalamusisindispensableinthefeedingbehavior.

Thelateralhypothalamushasnothingtodowiththefeedingbehavior.

Theamygdalaismoreimportantthanthelateralhypothalamus.

Theamygdalagovernstheeatingbehavior.

Whatcanbeimpliedfromtheresearch?

Apersonwhoseparentshavegottheeatingdisordermayovereat.

Apersonwhoovereatshastoreceiveatherapy.

Specialcellshavetobechangedtocureeatingdisorder.

Itdoesn’tmatterifweovereatsomethingwithlow-calorie.

PASSAGEFOUR

“Whydidyoustay?”heaskedaswewaitedforthelighttoturngreen.Ialwaysthoughtheknew.“Iloveyou,”Ianswered.“That’swhatIthoughtyou’dsay，”hereplied.“But...why...whydidyoustickaroundanddoeverythingyoudid?”TheanswertoDartanyonCrockett’ssecondquestionwasnotastidyasthefirst.Becauselifecanbeaknottedmessand,sometimes,loveisnotenough.DartanyonandLeroySuttonfoundtheirwayintomyheartfouryearsago.AsanESPNtelevisionproducer,Ichronicledhuman-intereststoriesinsports.IcoveredeverythingfromlegendslikeDerekJeterandMichaelJordantodisabledamateursandterminallyillLittleLeaguers.ButwhatIfoundonthewrestlingmatsatCleveland’sLincoln-WestHighSchoolin2009causedmyspirittosinkandsoar,allinthesamemoment.

DartanyonwasLincoln’smosttalentedathlete.Awinnerinmultipleweightclasses,hewasfive-foot-seven,withmusclesbunchedlikebuckeyes.Hewasalsohomeless.Hismamahaddiedofananeurysmwhenhewaseight,thenrelativestookhimtoliveinacrackhouse.WhereitwasDartanyoncouldnotsay,becauseheislegallyblind.BornwithLeberopticatrophydisease,hecanbarelymakeoutthefacialfeaturesofapersonafewfeetaway.

PerchedatopDartanyon’sback—yes,ridingonhisback—wasteammateLeroySutton.DartanyoncarriedhisfriendtoandfromthewrestlingmatsatmeetsbecauseLeroyhadnolegs.Whenhewas11，hewashitbyatrain.Hisleftlegwasamputatedbelowtheknee,hisrightlegbelowthehip.Hismother,ravagedbyguilt,slippedintodruguseanddisappearedforstretches,leavingLeroytocareforhissister.HisfatherspentnearlyallofLeroy’syouthinjail.Theboylearnedtomaskhistormentwithaquicksmile.

Theonewithnolegsbeingcarriedbytheonewhocouldnotsee.Atfirst,IstayedbecauseIsimplycouldnotlookaway.

DartanyonandLeroysharedahandfulofclasses,alwayssittingsidebyside.DartanyonwouldgetuptosharpenLeroy’spencils；LeroywouldreadthesmallprintforDartanyon.YeteachtimeIreveledintheirtenderness,theyrevertedtoteenagehumorwithatwistonlytheycouldshare.“Didyouguysdothehomework?"theteacherasked."Dartanyontried,"Leroysaid,"buthecouldn’tseeit.“"Leroyranover,"Dartanyonsaid，“andreadittome.”

Theybarreleddownthehallwaystogether.DartanyonkeptahandonLeroy’swheelchair,inpartasaguideforhimselfbutalsotoactasaprotector,abrother.Theirteacherstoldmethattheywere"someofthegoodones.”

TheircheerfulnessstoodoutatLincoln.Teenspouredthroughmetaldetectorseachmorning,manystoppedforpat-downs.Lessthan50percentwouldevergraduate.YetDartanyonandLeroymovedthroughthechaoswithgrace,witharefusaltohavetheirhopetainted.Dartanyonscribbledonpagesinhisnotebooks"DestinedforGreatness".

Inordertounfoldtheirfriendship’snuancesoncamera,Ineededtobeapartofit.ThiswasdifficultatfirstbecauseIgrewupontheothersideofCleveland.Myparentshadscroungedupmoneyforprivateschooltoprotectmefrom“thosepeople”,andI’dalwayssilentlywonderedwhatwassobadaboutthem.NowIrealizedtheirdiscomfortwasakintotheuneasinessIworeinLincoln’shalls.ButDartanyonandLeroyeasedmein.TheytaughtmetheirlingoandpokedfunwhenIusedit.Theyopenedupabouttheirstruggles—Dartanyonwitheagerness，asIsuspecthehadwaitedallhislifeforsomeonetowanttoknowhim.Leroy’srevelationsemergedmorereluctantly.Hehadbeenabandonedtoomanytimes.Butsharinghispastbecameatypeoftherapyforhim.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesLeroySutton?

Hehaddiedofananeurysm.

Helosthislegs.

Heisblindforsomereason.

Heslippedintodruguse.

WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheperformanceofLeroyandDartanyonatschool?

Excellent.

Common.

Terrible.

Disappointing.

Whatdidtheauthor’sparentstrytodo?

Tosupplyhimwithmuchmoney.

Tosendhimtoaprivateschool.

Tochoosefriendsforhim.

Tokeephimawayfromremoteschools.

SECTIONBSHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONS

PASSAGEONE

Whatisthedefinitionofworkaholicgivenbytheseminal1992paper?

PASSAGETWO

WhatdosomeexpertsworryabouttheBarbadosnutaccordingtothepassage?

PASSAGETHREE

Whoconsideredovereatingas“disorderedeating”？

What’sthebiologicalbasisofbingeeatingaccordingtothestudypublishedinthejournalScience?

Whatdoes“pigout”meanintheeighthparagraph?

PASSAGEFOUR

HowdidDartanyonhelpLeroyinclass?

HowdidLeroyhealhisemotionalwounds?

Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsLeroy’shelpingDartanyon?

PARTIII LANGUAGEUSAGE(15MIN)

ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHREEasinstructed.

PARTIV TRANSLATION(25MIN)

我在前项书目表中有好几处写“希望熟读成诵”字样，我想诸君或者以为甚难，也许反对说我顽旧，但我有我的意思。我并不是奖劝人勉强记忆,我所希望熟读成诵的有两种类：一种类是最有价值的文学作品,一种类是有益身心的格言。好文学是涵养情趣的工具，做一个民族的分子，总须对于本民族的好文学十分领略,能熟读成诵,才在我们的“下意识”里头,得着根柢，不知不觉会“发酵”。有益身心的圣哲格言，一部分久已在我们全社会上形成共同意识,我既做这社会的分子,总要彻底了解他，才不至和共同意识生隔阂：一方面我们应事接物时候,常常仗他给我们的光明。要平日摩得熟,临时才得着用。

PARTV WRITING(45MIN)

TheOxfordDictionaryhaschosenits"WordoftheYear"for2015：Anemojidepictingthe"facewithtearsofjoy.”TheOxfordDictionaryexplainedthat“Emojisarenolongerthepreserveoftextingteens—instead,theyhavebeenembracedasanuancedformofexpression,andonewhichcancrosslanguagebarriers.”Manyyoungpeopleevenpredictthatthe"eraofemoji”iscomingandthetraditionallanguageisnowfading.Whiletheuseofemojihasbecomepopularallaroundtheworld,manyexpertsbegintoworrythatthisnewzealoustrendofusingnon-verbalideogramswillhinderthenormalcommunication,eventhedevelopmentoflanguage.Thefollowingareopinionsfrombothsides.Readtheexcerptscarefullyandwriteyourresponseinabout300words,inwhichyoushould：

summarizebrieflytheopinionsfrombothsides；

giveyourcomment.

Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

Experts

Theinformationtechnologynotonlygeneratedmanynewcommunicationchannelsbutalsorenovatedpeople’scommunicationmode.Butwhilepeopleareenjoyingitsnoveltyandconvenience,wecannotyetbesureofitsconsequence,accordingtotheexperts.HavingkeptclosewatchoverthepopularizationofemojiinInternetsocialnetwork,Linguistshaveconcernsaboutitsnegativeimpactonmodernlanguage.Usingemojitoreplaceverbalexpressionmayleadpeopletoreducetheiruseofverballanguageandgraduallyharmpeople’sabilitytousenormallanguage.ProfessorScottFahlman,thecreatoroftheemojiofsmileyface,saidduringaninterview