2022年山东省淄博市甫田中学高二英语期末试题含解析

2022年山东省淄博市甫田中学高二英语期末试题含解析一、选择题1.ThesceneryonTaishanissoattractive,______itaverygoodplaceforpeopleintheworldalltheyearround.A.making

B.makes

C.made

D.tomake参考答案：A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：台山的风景是如此吸引人，对于全世界的人来说，全年都是一个好地方。Make的逻辑主语是Thescenery，它们之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故选A。2.LittleTomhadhiseyesfixedon

seemedtobeamosquito,notnoticinghismotherwasstandingbesidehim.A.which

B.what

C.where

D.how参考答案：B考察连接词.what引导宾语从句，并且在从句中作主语、宾语，表语。句意：小汤姆把眼睛聚焦在看起来似乎是蚊子的东西上，而没有注意到他的妈妈正站在他旁边。3.

Onlywhenhewasrefusedbytheinterviewer________theimportanceofknowingEnglish.A.washefullyawareof

B.hewasfullyawareofC.wasfullyheawareof

D.hefullywasawareof参考答案：A4.--Washe_____whenhegotanA+intheEnglishexam?--Absolutely!Heevenwenttothecinemawithhisclassmatestocelebrateit.A.Oncloudnine

B.hotunderthecollarC.Downinthedumps

D.ascoolasacucumber参考答案：A【详解】考查习惯用语。句意：——当他在英语考试中得了A+时，他是不是非常高兴？——当然！他甚至和同学一起去看电影院庆祝。A.Oncloudnine乐不可支；B.hotunderthecollar愤怒的；C.Downinthedumps气馁；D.ascoolasacucumber冷静沉着。故选A。5.______thehonortospeakonthegraduationdayisagreatthrillforme.A.Beinggiven

B.Giving

C.Togive

D.Give参考答案：A6.Astechnologycontinuestoadvance,wemustlearnandadapt______orwe'llriskbecomingadinosaur.A.instantly

B.properly

C.constantly

D.deliberately参考答案：C7.TheGermanathlete,________severalattemptstobeattheworldrecordinhighjumping,decidedtohaveanothertry.A.tomake B.havingmade C.making D.made

参考答案：B8.AninvestigationisunderwayaftertwoexplosionsnearthefinishinglineoftheBostonMarathonleftthreepeopledeadandatleast140_____.A.injured

B.injuring

C.toinjure

D.havinginjured参考答案：A9.Tompretended________whentheteachercame.（

）

A．toread B．tobereadingC．tohaveread D．reading参考答案：B试题解析：pretendtodosth假装在做某事，由于本句中有whentheteachercame，故此处要用假装正在做某事。10.Sometimesweneedto__________ourweaknessesinordertolearnfromthemandgrowasaresult.A.expose

B.challenge

C.conclude

D.threat

参考答案：B11.Theinnerthoughtofthetwoyoungpersonsarerevealedinthebook,_________bothofthemfailtoexpress.A.where

B.when

C.what

D.which参考答案：D【详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：这两个年轻人的想法在书中得到了提示，但他们都没有表达出来。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词为Theinnerthought，指物，关系词在从句中作express的宾语，故D项正确。12.—OK.Isee.It’sfoolishofmetosliponsomedampleavesandscratchmyarms.

—Oh,_______.Iwasonlytryingtoadviseyoutobemorecautiousoutinthewild.A.Icouldn’tagreemore

B.youputyourmouthinyourfootC.it’smyprivilege

D.you’remissingthepoint参考答案：D13.----Ican’tseethewordsontheblackboardclearly.

----Why,youreyesneed_____.Perhapsyouneed______glasses.

A.examining;wearing

B.toexamine;wearing

C.tobeexamined;towear

D.examined;wearing参考答案：C略14.Ican’t_________theplanwillwork,butI’llgiveitatry.A.protest

B.requireC.guarantee

D.forbid参考答案：C【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我无法保证这个计划会有效，但我会试一下的。A.protest抗议，反对；B.require要求；C.guarantee保证；D.forbid禁止；根据句意可知“guarantee保证”符合上下文语境，故选择C项。15.－Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?

－Onlyaboutfiveminutes.HenryandSimon________herewithme.

A.havewalked

B.werewalking

C.hadwalked

D.walked参考答案：D16.______acupuncturedeveloped,thesimple“bianstones”werereplacedfirstbystoneandpotteryneedles,and________bymetalneedles.A.As,

eventually

B.With,

eventually

C.With,

accidentally

D.As,

accidentally参考答案：A17.Thepassengerswereangryforthetrainbeing______withoutanoticeinadvance.A.calledin

B.calledupC.calledfor

D.calledoff参考答案：D【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：乘客们因事先未接到通知而被取消列车而生气。calledin召集，召来；calledup打电话；calledfor要求，提倡，为叫喊；calledoff取消。分析句子可知选D项。二、新的题型18.

16

.Still,allflavorsarebasedonjustfourbasictastes:sweet,bitter,salty,andsour.Somefoodexpertsarguethereisafifthbasictastecalledumami（aJapanesewordthatcanbetranslatedroughlyas"tasty"or"savory"）,butthistheoryremainscontroversial.

17

Howcansofewbasictastesgiverisetotheenormousnumberofflavorsweexperience?18Comparethistocolor1s.Thereareonlythreebasiccolor1s—yellow,red,andblue—butwhenmixedindifferentwaysandproportions,thesethreebasiccolor1saresufficienttocreatethevastarrayofcolor1sthatweseeeveryday.Apartfrombeinginfluencedbydifferentcombinationsofthebasictastes,theexperienceoftasteisalsoenrichedbyothersensations,suchasodor(气味)andtemperature.Thesefunctionstogetherproducewhatwerecognizeasuniquetastes.Infact,whatweperceiveastasteofteninvolvessmellmorethanthetasteexperiencedthroughthetongue.

19

Forexample,cinnamontastesquitemildtopeoplewhocannotenjoyitsfragrantsmell.Thesameistrueofdrinks,likehotcoffeeortea,whichtastebestwhentheycanbesmelledandtasted.

20

Thereasonwhyhot,spicyfoodslikechilipeppersaretastyisthattheyaffectthelingualnociceptors.Nociceptorsaresmallareasonthesurfaceofthebodythathelpprotectusagainstinjury.Nociceptorsontheskinwarnusofpotentialdamagetothebody.Whenweareprickedwithaneedle,forexample,nociceptorsrepresentthatsensationaspain.Aspecialkindofnociceptorcalledalingualnociceptorisfoundonthetongueand,alongwiththeothersenses,helpsusenjoycertainfoods.A.Thesearebasictastesthatwearefamiliarwith.B.Thisispossiblebecausethebasictastescombineindifferentproportions.C.Eachfoodweeattastesdifferent,andthereareuntoldnumbersofdifferenttastes.D.Thisiswhyfoodswithstrongtastesoftenseemunattractivetopeoplewho,duetoastuffynose,cannotsmellthem.E.Whatcanalsocontributetothesensationoftasteisourabilitytofeelpain.F.Sothereareasmallnumberofbasictastesthataffectabignumberofflavors.G.Regardlessofwhethertherearefourorfivebasictastes,thenumberissmall.参考答案：16.C

17.G

18.B

19.D

20.E17.G根据横线前句Somefoodexpertsarguethereisafifthbasictastecalledumami，butthistheoryremainscontroversial.可知有些专家认为还有第五种味道，但是这一理论还存在争议。但是无论基本的味道是四种还是五种，数量都不算多。故G项符合上下文串联。18.B根据后半句Comparethistocolor1s.Thereareonlythreebasiccolor1s—yellow,red,andblue—butwhenmixedindifferentwaysandproportions.可知三种基本的颜色黄、红、蓝可以组合成不同的颜色。那么味道也是一样的，四种基本味道可以组合成不同的味道。故B项“Thisispossiblebecausethebasictastescombineindifferentproportions.不同的味道也许是因为基本的味道以不同的比例组合在一起的”符合上下文串联。19.D根据横线前句Infact,whatweperceiveastasteofteninvolvessmellmorethanthetasteexperiencedthroughthetongue.实际上我们发现的味道通常涉及到通过舌头体验到的气味。说明横线句应该与气味有关，故D项“Thisiswhyfoodswithstrongtastesoftenseemunattractivetopeoplewho,duetoastuffynose,cannotsmellthem.”介绍的恰好是与气味有关的内容，符合上下文串联。20.E根据横线后句Thereasonwhyhot,spicyfoodslikechilipeppersaretastyisthattheyaffectthelingualnociceptors.中的辛辣食物会对我们的语言器官有伤害。说明味觉还和我们对于疼痛的感觉有关。故E项正确。【名师点睛】

本文的问题设在段尾，解题的关键在于充分理解空前这一句：Somefoodexpertsarguethereisafifthbasictastecalledumami，butthistheoryremainscontroversial.可知有些专家认为还有第五种味道，但是这一理论还存在争议。但是无论基本的味道是四种还是五种，数量都不算多。故G项符合上下文串联。1.空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。

2.通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,

as

a

result,

thus,

hence,

in

short,

to

sum

up,

to

conclude,

in

a

word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。

3.与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。

4.与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。

5.所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。

6.如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。

三、阅读理解19.Oneday,“superchargedplants”mayhelpfeedpeoplearoundtheworld.Superchargedplantsareonesthatgrowfasterthannormalplantlife.Scientistscanspeedupthegrowthbymodifying,orchanging,thestructureofplants'genes.Themodificationsmakethemreactquicklytochangesinlight.Thisallhastodowithphotosynthesis(光合作用),theprocessinwhichplantsturnsunlight,carbondioxideandwaterintofood.Plantsgrowfastestinthesun.Thatiswhentheymakethemostfoodforthemselves.Buttheirrateofgrowthcanslowwhenthingslikecloudsortreesblocksunlight.Butwhenthesunreturns,itcantakemanyminutesforgrowthtospeedupagain.Thiscanbeaproblembecauseitmeanssomeofourmostimportantcropplantsarenotasproductiveastheycouldbe.Researcherssaydemandforfoodisexpectedtoincreaseupto70percentbythemiddleofthecentury.TheyalsonoterisingtemperaturesonEarth'ssurface.Thatiswhytheyarelookingforwaystoimprovephotosynthesisandmakeplantsmoreproductive.SteveLongisaplantbiologistattheUniversityofIllinois.Hewantedtofindawaytohelpplantsgetbackuptospeedquicklyafteraperiodofdarkness.Soheandhisteamaddedgenesthatshortenedtherecoverytime.Italsoincreasedthespeedatwhichtheplantsgrew.Hismodifiedplantsgrewupto20percentmorethanuntreatedones.InLong'sstudy,hisgroupusedaformofgeneticengineeringcalledtransgenics(转基因).Itmeanstakinggenesfromoneplant,thenputtingthemintoanother.Nowtheyareexperimentingsoybeans,rice,cowpeasandcassavas.32.Whatistheadvantageofsuperchargedplants?A.Theycangrowmorequickly.B.Theycangrowinsevereconditions.C.Theycanofferhigh-qualitygrains.D.Theycanreplacenormalplants.33.Whatcanmakeplantgrowthslowdown?A.Toohotweather. B.Oldfarmingmethods.C.Lackofsunlight. D.Toomuchsun