Unit+1+Discover+useful+structures+课件【知识专讲精研】高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit1LearningAboutLanguageDiscoverusefulstructures非限制性定语从句Non-restrictiveattributiveclauses

Readthefollowingsentencesandunderlinethe

relativeclauses.Then

namethetwotypesofclausesandstatetheirfunctions.

1.TheytestedhundredsofChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstthedisease.2.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.3.TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.4.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.Preview翻译Activity11.TheytestedhundredsofChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstthedisease.2.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.3.TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,

tostudymalariapatients.4.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.Summary:句2为____________定语从句，主从句之间用_____隔开。非限定性逗号LearningObjectivesAttheendofthissection,studentswillbeableto:1.knowdefinitionandfunctionofnonrestrictiverelativeclauses.2.distinguishthedifferencesbetweenrestrictiverelativeclausesandnonrestrictiverelativeclauses.3.describesomethingbyusingnonrestrictiverelativecauses.ThemanwhoisridingahorseisTangMonk.先行词关系词定语从句who关系代词关系副词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseaswherewhenwhy关系词的作用：①引导作用(引导定语从句)②替代作用(替代先行词)③在定语从句中担当成分ReviewingActivity2先行词在从句中所作成分关系代词人主宾定物主宾定先行词在从句中所作成分关系副词时间名词时间状语地点名词地点状语reason原因状语who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose(=ofwhom)that/whichthat/which/省略whose(=ofwhich)whywhenwhere=介词+which判断句子是否为定语从句划出先行词将先行词代入从句，看它在从句中所担任的成分根据先行词在从句中所作成分，得出关系词关系词的确定1.Thatistheboy______motherisafamousmusician.3.Thehouse__________theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople________losttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake.that/who(which/that)whose4.I’llneverforgettheday_____(=___which)Iwasborn.5.Ivisitedthehouse_____(=__which)LuXunoncelived.6.Thereason_____(=___which)hegotworriedwasthis.when

onwhereinwhyfor1.Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.2.Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstancethat

worked.3.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonorsapersoncanreceive.Findotherattributerelativeclausesfromthepassage.Thennamethetwotypesofclausesandstatetheirfunctions.RestrictiveRestrictiveNon-restrictiveActivity34.Inthebeginning,TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.5.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.6.Thismedicine,whichwascalledartemisinin,soonbecameastandardtreatmentformalaria.7.Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.Non-restrictiveNon-restrictiveNon-restrictiveNon-restrictiveObserveandanalyse1分析两种定语从句省略后的结果ThewomanwhodiscoveredArtemisininwasawardedtheNobelPrize.TuYouyou,

whodiscoveredArtemisinin,wasawardedtheNobelPrize.

意义上区别小结：

限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。Activity4

Theboywonthefirstplace,which

madeusveryexcited.非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是句子

Theboy,whomItalkedwithjustnow,

wonthefirstplace.Observeandanalyse2(1)Thisisthephoto_____________Itook.(2)Thisisthepen______________heboughtyesterday.

(3)Sheisthewoman_______________Iknow.(4)Thisisthebook_____________

youaskedfor.(5)That'sthereason_______heisleavingsoearly.(6)Theshedinourgarden,_________myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.(7)ShemarriedJoe,________surprisedeveryone.(8)Theriver,________isnowcleanenoughtoswimin,waspollutedseveralyearsago.(9)Theauthorofthebook,________Imetatapartylastweek,provedtobeawell-knownjournalist.Fillintheblanksandcompare.

(which/that)

(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)whywhichwhichwhichwhom(6)Theshedinourgarden,________myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.(7)ShemarriedJoe,________surprisedeveryone.(8)Theriver,________isnowcleanenoughtoswimin,waspollutedseveralyearsago.(9)Theauthorofthebook,________Imetatapartylastweek,provedtobeawell-knownjournalist.whichwhichwhichwhom引导词对比小结：1)关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句；2)非限制性定语从句的关系代词在任何情况下都不可省略；3)关系副词why不引导非限制性定语从句。Observeandanalyse3(1)Thisisthephoto_____________Itook.(2)Thisisthepen____________heboughtyesterday.

(3)Sheisthewoman______________Iknow.(4)Thisisthebook_____________

youaskedfor.(5)That'sthereason_______heisleavingsoearly.(which/that)

(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)whyTranslatethefollowingsentencesandcompare.(1)CharlesSmith,

whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.

(2)Theyrelyonthemselves,whichismuch

better.

(3)MysisterwhoworksinShanghaisendsme

anemailalmosteveryday.

(4)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.

CharlesSmith去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。(1)CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.CharlesSmith去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。(2)Theyrelyonthemselves,whichismuchbetter.他们依靠自己，这样好的多。(3)Mysisterwhoworksin

Shanghaisendsmeanemailalmosteveryday.我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。(4)Heisthemanwhosecar

wasstolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。翻译对比小结：1)非限制性定语从句通常译成主句的并列句；2)限制性定语从句译成先行词的定语：“……的

”。Observeandanalyse4

Summary

非限制性定语从句是相对限制性定语从句而言的。非限制性定语与先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时常常单独翻译。常有who,whom,which,whose,as,when,where等关系词引导。从句区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.形式上①_____逗号和主句隔开②______逗号和主句隔开2.意义上是对先行词的修饰限定，③_____删去是对先行词的补充说明，删去后意思④__________3.译法上翻译成先行词的定语，⑤“________”通常翻译成主句的⑥_________4.关系词⑦_________关系代词及关系副词⑧关系代词不用_______关系副词不用________不用用不能仍完整…的并列句所有的thatwhyThedifferencesSummaryAseveryoneknows,Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.

2.Heforgottobringhispenwithhimyesterday,as

weexpected.3.Hesaidthathehadneverseenhimbefore,whichwasobviouslynottrue.

4.Hechangedhismind,whichmademequiteangry.as引导非限制性定语从句，译为“

”。常置于

，也可置于句中。正如，就像句首which引导非限制性定语从句，常指代前面整个句子，只能放在先行词

翻译成

。这asVSwhich正如每个人都知道的，中国是最大的发展中国家。他昨天忘带笔了，正如我们预料的那样。他说他以前没有见过他，这明显不是真的他改变了主意，这让我很生气。后Observeandanalyse51.asisknowntoall=asweallknow众所周知

2.asissaid正如所说的

3.asyoucansee=ascanbeseen正如你所看见的4.asisreported正如报道的5.asisexpected正如预料的6.asispointedout正如指出的7.asafamoussayinggoes正如一句谚语所说/俗话说8.asismentionedabove正如以上提到的as引导的非限制性定语从句中e.g.:Asisknowntousall,ZhongNanshanisoneofthegreatestphysiciansinChina.

Extendingas,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别aswhich指代引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的某一名词或代词位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后可位于主句之中或之后，不能位于主句之前意义“正如，就像…”“这，那”功能起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等引导的从句，在意义上相当于一个并列句Rewritethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.EXAMPLEThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming.Hediscoveredpenicillin.ThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming,

whodiscovered

penicillin.1.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.3.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.4.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.5.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei-afamousChinese-Americanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.6.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.Itwasabigchallengeforme.P5Activity51.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.3.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.4.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.5.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei-afamousChinese-Americanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.6.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.Itwasabigchallengeforme.Checkyouranswers.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman,whowasnotwilling

toacknowledgedefeat.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany,whereHitlerwasin

power.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda,whose

circumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.

Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling,whichinspiredusalot.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei-afamousChinese-Americanarchitect,whowasbornin

Guangzhou,China.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart,whichwasabigchallengeforme.1.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,______ishowwe

arrived.2.____hewritesinhisnewbook,ALongWayHome,Brierleycouldn’thelpbutwonderabouthishometownbackinIndia.3.IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,_________myclassmatesrecommendtome.4.Thenumberofsmokers,_______isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.5.Untilnow,wehaveraised5000poundsforthepoorchildren,________isquiteunexpected.6.Ihadtoldthemthereason,_________Ididn’tattendthemeeting.whichAswhichaswhich

Practiceforwhich

Activity6Task17.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostof

arebeyondourcontrol.8.TheScienceMuseum,

wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.9.ThisisTom,with

Iwenttothelibraryyesterday.10.ThisisTom,from

fatherIlearnedalot.11.leftonSunday,

everyonewasathome.12.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,

youcanhearsomelovelymusic.

which

which

whomwhosewhen/onwhichwhere/inwhichTask21.Theseappletreeshavenotproducedanyfruits.Iplantedthemthreeyearsago.__________________________________________________________

.

2.Thelazyboygotthehighestscoreinthetest.Itsurprisedme.

___________________________________________________________3.ThestudentsinourclasswanttoimprovetheirMaths.ManyofthemarenotbadatMaths.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Theschoolhasahistoryof117years.Istudiedfor6yearsthere.

.将两个句子合并成非限制性定语从句Theseappletrees,whichIplantedthreeyearsago,havenotproducedanyfruits.Thelazyboygotthehighestscoreinthetest,whichsurprisedme.Thestudentsinourclass,manyofwhomarenotbadatMaths,wanttoimprovetheirMaths.Theschool,whereIstudiedfor6years,hasahistoryof117years.usingnon-restrictiveclausestodescribeapersonofachievement,discussinyourgroupthenshareitwithus.

UsingandSpeakingSelf-evaluationHaveyouknownthedefinitionandfunctionofnonrestrictiverelativeclauses?2.Canyoudistinguishthedifferencesbetweenrestrictiverelativeclausesandnonrestrictiverelativeclauses?3.Canyoudescribesomethingbyusingnonrestrictiverelativecauses?Homework必做：Exercisebook,Ex1选做：ChoiceA:Writedown5sentencestointroduceapersonthataroundyouandusenon-restrictiverelativeclausesproperly.ChoiceB:Writedownanessaytointroduceapersonthataroundyouandusenon-restrictiverelativeclausesproperly..Thankyou~P.621Choosethewordsintheboxtocompletethesentences.whowhomwhichwhosewhenwhere

in/of/forwhichofwhom1Somepeoplealwaystalkloudlyinpublic,________isreallyannoying.2ProfessorLu,________youspoketo,specialisesinconstitutionallaw.3Pleasecomebackatfouro’clock,________yourherbalmedicinewillbeready.4Whatdoyouwanttowriteaboutthesepeople,________storiesIhavejusttoldyou?5HaveyoubeentotheLouvreMuseum,________youcanseetheMonaLisaondisplay?6Thereare45studentsinourclass,out________only10aretakinganoptionalartcourse.7Hermotherworksinacompany,________employeesareallwomen.8Itisvitaltolearntousethesesoftwareprogrammes,both________canhelpyouwith

collectionandevaluation.

whichwho(m)whenwhosewhereinwhichofwhomofwhichinwhichwhere

P.622Decidewhetherthesentencesarerightorwrong.Correctthemwhere

necessary.1Pleasewritedownthesephrases,allofthemwillbeusefulinyourwriting.2Asaconsequenceofsendinginhisapplicationlate,hedidnotgetapatentforhisinvention,

thatwasnotsurprisingatall.3Theresearchersareevaluatingthousandsofplants,whichhavedistinctmedicalproperties.4Thegentleoldmanistheonlyperson,whomIcantrust.5Haveyoudoneallwhatyoucantohelpthepeopleinneed?6Isthisthebotanicalinstitutewhereyouvisitedlastweek?∧and(构成并列句)which(构成主从复合句)which(非限定性从句不能用that引导)√that(去掉逗号，是限定性定语从句)that(what引导的是名词性从句，特指某一整体事物，不能加all)that/which(引导词作vi