版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
FunctionexperimentreportRegulationofUrineFormation本组承诺:本实验报告原创,绝无抄袭!组员:Influencefactorsofurineformation[PURPOSE]:Masterinfluencefactorsofurineformationandanalyzesthemechanism,furtherunderstandtherenalexcretoryfunction.[ANIMAL]:Rabbit[METHODS]:OperationTakeonerabbit,weighing.Accordingto4ml/kg,findthevineattheedgeofanearandtneninjectintothe25%urethanesolutionforanesthesia.Observetherespiratoryrate,cornealreflection,skinclipkneadingandmusclerelaxation.Operationincervix:Separatetherightvagusnerveandthreadaperiodoflineunderit.Setaside.Operationinabdomen:Firstly,ligatetheexternalorificeofurethrainordertopreventthelossofurinewhenthebladderwasstimulatedduringtheexperiment.Secondly,sheartheventralhair,andsnipanincisionabout3-5cmabovethepubicsymphysisalongthelineaalbaabdominis,moveoutthebladder.Thenchoosethebloodvesselslessplaceonthebladdertop,usingthreehemostaticforcepsclampit,cutthebladderopen.Insertthecannularintothebladderimmediatelyandthenligature.ObservationitemRecordthenormalurinevolumeforfiveminutes,asnormalcontrol.Theeffectofthesalineontheurinevolume:Inject20mlsaline(38℃)intotheveinintheearmarginoftherabbitwithin1minute.Observetheurinevolumechangesandrecord.Theeffectofthenorepinephrineontheurinevolume:Inject1:10000norepinephrine(0.3ml)intotheearmarginoftherabbit.Observetheurinevolumechangesandrecord.Theeffectofglucoseontheurinevolume:Firstly,collect2dropsofurinetotestglucoseinurineasnormalwithaqualitativetestpaper.Then20%glucose(1.5ml/kg)wasinjectedintotheveinintherabbit’sear,andobservetheurinevolumechangesandrecord.2dropsofurinewascollectedtotestglucoseinurinequalitativelyevery1or2minutes.Theeffectontheurinevolumewhentheperipheralendofthevagusnerveisstimulated:Ligatetherightvagusnerveandcutitoff.Usethecomputertostimulatetheperipheralendofthevagusnerve.Observetheurinevolumechangesandrecord.Theeffectofdiureticontheurinevolume:Injectthefurosemideintotheearmarginoftherabbit.Observetheurinevolumechangesandrecord.[RESULT]:Variousfactorsinfluencetheurinevolumechangesinfluencingfactorurinevolumeurineglucosenormal――thesaline↑noradrenaline↓glucose↑++thevagusnerve↓thefurosemide↑[DISCUSSION]:Theprocessoftheurineformation:Theprocessoftheurineformationincludingglomerularfiltrationandthereabsorptionandsecretionofthetubules.Thepoweroftheurineformationistheeffectivefiltrationpressure.First,theglomerulareffectivefiltrationpressureisdependedonthethreereasons:intraglomerularcapillarypressure、colloidosmoticpressureofplasmaandrenalplasmaflow(RPF).Theintraglomerularcapillarypressureiseffectedbythesystemicarterialpressuremainly,whenthearterialpressureisbetween80~180mmHg,becauseoftheautoregulationoftheRPF,theintraglomerularcapillarypressurecanmaintainatrelativelystablelevel.Butwhenthearterialpressureishigherthan180mmHgorlowerthan80mmHg,theintraglomerularcapillarypressurewillchangeasthebloodpressure,theglomerularfiltrationrate(GFR)willchangerelevantly.Besides,whenthecolloidosmoticpressureofplasmareduce,theeffectivefiltrationpressurwillrise,andtheGFRwillrisetoo.Second,thereasonthateffectontheurinaryfunctionoftherenaltubuleandthecollectingtubuleincludingtheneuroregulation,humoralregulationandautoregulation.Whileoneofthetworeasonsiseffected,theurinevolumewillchange.1)Wheninjectinthenormalsaline20mlonce:(1)Thebloodvolumewillincrease,theglomerulusplasmaflowwillincrease,theGFRwillrise,sotheurinevolumewillincrease.(2)Thebloodvolumeincrease,itwillstimulatetheleftatriumandtheatriumvolumereceptor,thereceptorexciting.Theimpulsereachtothesupraopticnucleusandtheparaventricularnucleusinthehypothalamus,theADHwilldecrease,thereabsorptionofwaterwilldecrease.Sotheurinevolumewillincrease.(3)Thebloodvolumeincrease,thebloodisdiluted,sothecolloidosmoticpressureofplasmawilldecrease,theGFRrise,sotheurinevolume,willincrease.2)Wheninjectinnorepinephrineinvein,itwillcombinewithα-receptorinthesmoothmuscleoftheperipheryarteriole.Thearteriolewillcontract,sothebloodpressurewillrise.Theglomerulusplasmaflowwilldecrease.Thethecolloidosmoticpressureofplasmawillriseaswell.Asaresult,theGFRwillfall.Sotheurinevolumewilldecrease.3)Wheninjectglucoseintotheveinoftheear,theurinevolumewillincrease.Whentheglucoseconcentrationriseto160-180mg/100ml,therewillbeglucoseintheurine.Thebloodglucoseconcentrationiscalldrenalglucosethreshold.Whentheconcentrationpasstherenalglucosethreshold,agreatquantityoftheglucosefilteroutfromtheglomeruluscan’tbereabsorbedbyrenaltubuleepithelialcellstotally.Whentheconcentrationriseto300mg/ml,allreabsorptionoftheglomeruluswillreachtothelimit.Iftherearisedagreatquantityoftheglucoseinthebloodplasma,therenaltubuleosmoticpressurewillrise,itwillhinderrenaltubulereabsorbingwater.Sotheglucosewillexhaustwithurineandtheurinevolumewillincrease.Thenormalperson’srenaltubulecanreabsorbglucosetothebloodplasma,therewillbeinfinitesimalglucoseintheurineanditcan’tbefoundoutintheurine.Butwhentheconcentrationexceedtherenalglucosethreshold,itwillcanbedetectedbythequalitativetestpaper.Itwillfindthattheglucoseconcentrationriseobviously.4)Stimulatethevagusnervewillmakerenalsympatheticnerveexcited.Theafferentarterioleandtheefferentarteriolewillcontractatthesametime,andtheformeronewillcontractmoreobviously,theintraglomerularcapillarybloodflowwilldecrease,theGFRwillfalltoo,theurinevolumewilldecrease.Thestimulationwillreachtothejuxtaglomerularapparatusanditwillstimulatethejuxtaglomerularapparatus.Thejuxtaglomerularcellswillliberatetherennin.ItwillcausemoreangiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)andaldosterone(ALD)liberate.TheAngⅡandALDwillincreasethereabsorptionofwaterandNaCloftherenaltubule.StimulatingthevagusnervewillincreasethereabsorptionofwaterandNaCloftheproximaltubuleandtheloopofHenle.Theseallwillincreasetheurinevolume.5)Wheninjectthefurosemideintothevein,itwillstoptheK+_Na+_2ClˉsymportofthethicksegmentofascendinglimbofloopofHenle.Hindertheosmosisgradientofrenalmedullaforming.Theosmoticpressureintherenaltubulewillrise.Asaresult,theurineinspissationswilllower.Therenaltubulereabsorbwaterwillbedepletedimmensely.Theurinevolumewillincrease.furosemideCa2+MgfurosemideCa2+Mg2+[CONCLUSION]:1.Injectingsaline,glucoseandfurosemideintotheveinwillcausetheincrementoftheurinevolume.2.Injectingnorepinephrineintotheveinorstimulatethevagusnervetodescendthebloodpressurewit
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- Unit 2Section A 1a-1c 教学设计2023-2024学年人教新目标版英语七年级上册
- 2024土地抵押借款合同格式
- 水库水下养殖承包合同
- 2024学员就业安置合同
- 吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州龙井市2024年六上数学期末教学质量检测模拟试题含解析
- 吉林市船营区2024年四年级数学第一学期期末达标测试试题含解析
- 2024年芜湖客运资格证考试题
- 2024年内蒙古客运驾驶从业资格证模拟考试答案
- 2024年南宁客运从业资格证考试试题库及答案
- 2024年黄南客运上岗证模拟考试题答案
- 内科护理学课程思政案例
- 铜川市鼎立机动车检测站建设项目环评报告
- 2023年山西沁水煤层气开发投资有限公司招聘笔试题库及答案解析
- 轨道交通工程单位、分部、分项工程划分暂行办法
- GB/T 20312-2006建筑材料及制品的湿热性能吸湿性能的测定
- GB/T 197-2018普通螺纹公差
- 小学科学四年级上册第一单元《声音》作业设计
- 《四季之美》学案
- 万豪国际酒店委托管理合同
- 水冲法及引孔钢板桩施工重难点及控制措施
- 土地使用权赠与合同模板3篇(3篇)
评论
0/150
提交评论