实验班提优训练

八、情态动词和虚拟语气I.情态动词基本用法情态动词用法否定式疑问式简答式can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）cannot/cannot/can’tdoCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.couldcouldn’tdomay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）maynotdoMay…do…?Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.mightmightnotdoMight…do…?Yes,…mightNo,…mightnot.must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）mustnot/mustn’tdoMust…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’thavehaveto只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态和人称的变化）don’thavetodoDo…havetodo…?Yes,…do.No,…don’t.oughtto应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should）oughtnotto/oughtn’ttodoOught…todo…?Yes,…ought.No,…oughtn’t.shall用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shallnot/shan’tdoShall…do…?Yes,…shall.No,…shan’t.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）shouldnot/shouldn’tdoShould…do…?will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉willnot/won’tdoWill/Would…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.wouldwouldnot/wouldn’tdodare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）darenot/daren’tdoDare…do…?Yes,…dare.No,…daren’t.need需要,必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）neednot/needn’tdoNeed…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t.usedto过去常常（现在已不再）usednot/usedn’t/usen’ttododidn’tusetodoUsed…todo…?Did…usetodo…?Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.II.情态动词的重点知识表示“能力、许可”的can和may表示能力的情态动词用can/couldAcomputer_____thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.maynotD.mightnot表示许可时用may/might,can/could都可以，但在问句中用could…?或might…？以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一定，必须，mustn’t表示禁止，不许可）。①—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______A.willB.couldC.mayD.might②Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/wereableto。ThefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybutEveryone_____getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto表示“推断、判断”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性：Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t时用以代替mustn’t，语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。Hemaybeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?Hemustbeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?needneed作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。daredare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay.注意:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.（否定句）Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?（疑问句）shall用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。Whatshallwedothisevening?用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.警告HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.允诺Heshallbepunished.威胁should劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。Youshould(oughtto)gotoclassrightaway.Ishould(oughtto)helphimbecauseheisintrouble.will/would请求、建议，would比will委婉客气。Wouldyoupassmethebook?表示意志、愿望和决心。Iwillneverdothatagain.Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagainwould可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。DuringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweekThewoundwouldnotheal.（伤口老是不能愈合）would表示估计或猜想。Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.Whatwouldshebedoingthere?情态动词+havedone的用法could+havedone：本可以做而实际上未能做。Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.cannot+havedone：表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。Hecannothavebeentothattown.can+主语+havedone：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。Canhehavegotthebook?might(may)+havedone：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。Hemaynothavefinishedthework.Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.must+havedone：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannothavedone。Youmusthaveseenthefilm.Youcannothaveseenthefilm.needn’t+havedone：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.注意：didn’tneedto(haveto)do：没有必要做而实际上也没有做Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.should(oughtto)+havedone：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIworkedtouseit.注意：Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.（表推测）虚拟语气类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+doIfhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+done主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+doneIfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+todo主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.省略if的虚拟条件句将虚拟条件从句中的were，had,should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装①Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup.=2\*GB3②WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit.=3\*GB3③HadIbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.混合虚拟条件句不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则①Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.=2\*GB3②Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.=3\*GB3③IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则①Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.=2\*GB3②Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.含蓄虚拟条件句butfor+名词表示虚拟条件句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。---Butforyourtimelywarning,we______intogreattrouble.---Youknowwe’refriends.A.wouldgetB.musthavegotC.wouldhavegotD.can’thavegotwithout+名词虚拟条件Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.动词不定式虚拟条件Itwouldbeonlypartlyrighttofollowinthisway.现在分词表示虚拟条件Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.过去分词表示虚拟条件Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.副词otherwise表示虚拟条件Iwastoobusyatthattime.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecalledyou.连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件He_____fatterbutheeatstoolittle.A.wouldbecomeB.wouldhavebecomeC.mustbecomeD.musthavebecome其它状语从句asif/asthough引导的状语从句中动词用did或had＋done或would／could／might＋do。注意：asif/though引导从句中也可以用陈述语气：当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时：Itsoundsasifitisraining．听起来像是在下雨。

Hetalksasifheisdrunk．从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。①与现在事实相反Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas．=2\*GB3②与过去事实相反HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.=3\*GB3③与将来事实相反Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.inorderthat/sothat引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/might/would等+doTurnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.宾语从句demand,suggest,order,insist后接的从句中动词为should+doHesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+do表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.IwishIwouldhavegonetoShanghailastmonth.主语从句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等从句中，谓语动词用should+doItisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.其它句型中Itistimethat…句型中动词用过去式或should+doIt’shightimethatweleft/shouldleave.wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_____thebookfromwhichitwasmade.

A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereading

2.Youarelate.Ifyou_____afewminutesearlier,you_____him.

A.come;wouldmeetB.hadcome;wouldhavemet

C.come;willmeetD.hadcome;wouldmeet

3.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.

A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen

4.ItisimportantthatI_____withMr.Williamsimmediately.

A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak

5.Helookedasifhe_____illforalongtime.

A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen

6.Ifthedoctorhadcomeearlier,thepoorchildwouldnot_____.

A.havelaidtherefortwohoursB.havebeenliedtherefortwohours

C.haveliedtherefortwohoursD.havelaintherefortwohours

7.IwishthatI_____withyoulastnight.

A.wentB.couldgoC.havegoneD.couldhavegone

8.Let’ssayyoucouldgothereagain,how_____feel?

A.willyouB.shouldyouC.wouldyouD.doyou

9.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_____everything.

A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown

10._____thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.

A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor

11.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_____himattheairport.

A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet

12.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.

A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach

13.Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible,butI_____sobusythen.

A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe

14.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.

A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehindC.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallenbehind

17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.

A.notwentB.won’tgoC.notgoD.nottogo

20.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou_____.

A.gotosleepB.wenttosleepC.gotobedD.wenttobed

23._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.IfheleavesWDHp0J3。cqYUXKa。1.

Had

it

not

been

for

the

heavy

fog,

you

______________________________（就看到了美丽的塔）in

the

distance

easily

last

Tuesday.

(see)

BOKiaz9。PVXykns。2.

Were

____________________________（下雨）tomorrow,

the

meeting

would

be

put

off.

(rain)

Gs9zVHZ。jLv3tDW。3.

Which

doctor

______________________________

（你建议请来）immediately?

(suggest)

bPMuQDC。UuElgAq。4.

It___________________

(一定下着大雨)when

he

got

back

home,

for

he

was

wet

all

over.

(rain)

GGZXgZO。oApLdsw。5.

What

a

pity!We

____________________

(宁愿听取)

our

teacher’s

advice

yesterday.

(would

rather)

vaiN1RW。6nOuyfG。6.

I_____________________________

(本想参加)

your

party,

but

I

had

to

work

extra

hours

to

prepare87eIJzD。NjJImg4。

a

speech.

(would

like)

7.

With

a

little

more

care

you

___________________________(能避免)

this

traffic

accident.

(avoid)

7xPiRrJ。hVyrJQn。8.

When

the

police

took

the

suspect

to

the

police

station,

he

insisted

that

he_______________________________

(没偷)

the

lady’s

purse

and

that

he___________________________

(释放).

(steal,

set)

t7ji6HV。UjMYTUX。9.

How

I

wish

I

___________________________

(被录取了)

the

key

university.

(admit).

hTwxxlz。re5o2Ws。10.

The

weather

turned

out

to

be

fine

yesterday,

I___________________________

(本不需要那么麻烦)

to

carry

my

umbrella

with

me.

(take)

V5qLrRB。6YWuXX3。11.

The

workers

in

the

factory

demanded

that

their

pay

____________________(提高20%).

(raise)

rvObOrS。B6sgtuw。12.

When

a

pencil

is

partly

in

a

glass

of

water,

it

looks

as

if

it

___________________

(断了).

(break)

c8ryhW2。reYpZL3。13.Manycoalmineaccidents___________________________(本来可以避免的)ifwehadfollowedthestrictsafetyrules.(avoid)nm4dTXF。ZOHWumf。14.LookwhatmistakesI’vemade,IfonlyI___________________________(听你的劝告).(follow)qLBcL3A。gXf2sFS。15.___________________________(万一你被解雇),yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.(fire)gBET2SF。PPJxpQc。16.Luckilywe’dbroughtamapwithus,______________________(没有它我们就会迷了路).(without)SW9nZs8。FGjaI55。17.Hewouldhavehelpedusbutthathe___________________________(没时间)atthattime.wCUtiVN。0bxa5Y7。18.Thesuggestionthatthemayor___________________________(发奖)hasbeenacceptedbyeveryone.(present)9C2RI2Y。mcPcRoo。19.

It

is

high

time

that

we_______________________

(采取措施)

protect

the

environment.

(measure)

FgyIvWM。XYqsXDt。20.He______________________________helpyou(本来打算),buthehadnotime.(mean)seVCcrr。PdFffWf。21.Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecrop___________________(会长得更好)now.(grow)SaKXPHH。eRsGnzf。22.WhatIadviseisthat_________________________(你们要安静)。(quiet)72dEY4o。MsCSfHW。Keys:1—5BBDAD6—10DDCAD11—15CDCAA16—20ACAAD21—23DBCMwDGO7E。2cnh7Zk。1.wouldhaveseenthebeautifultower2.ittorain3.doyousuggestbesentforMBdDkH5。cUopjxm。4.musthavebeenraining5.wouldratherhavetaken6.wouldliketohaveattended7.couldhaveavoidedIFwf5YN。zr78uxv。8.didn’tsteal,besetfree9.hadbeenadmittedto10.needn’thavetakenthetroubleAUAWom3。eY4lcWP。11.beraisedby20percent12.werebroken13．couldhavebeenavoided14.hadfollowedyouradviceHSqqgCp。BFhFk7a。15.Ifyoushouldbefired/Shouldyoubefired16.withoutwhichIwouldhavegotlostWdq9Cpl。AByXBPJ。17.hadnotime18.shouldpresenttheprize19.shouldtake/tookmeasures20.hadmeanttoVaJOslw。ps7DrX7。21.wouldbegrowingbetter22.youshouldbequiet语法填空：

I

would

rather

Tom___________(come)

tomorrow.

2.It

seems

as

if

it_____________(be)

winter

now.

5P1LCAk。kfCeelq。3.What

would

have

happened

if

you

______________(not

help)

her

child？

2eTIxCE。bCw9VoT。4.It

is

strange

that

he

_____________

(think)

so.

5.I

wish

I

____________(meet)

my

uncle

yesterday.

9UUyomQ。MeEC2gr。6.Galileo

insisted

that

the

earth______________(move)

the

sun.

wdNaoaJ。VB2lWxU。7.Supposing

the

weather

__________(be)

bad,

where

would

you

go?

PZYQyUD。zs6i0Ug。8.But

for

your

help,

I

couldn’t

_______(find)

the

place.

UpVg5N4。7m9wr8B。9.What

do

you

think

would

happened

if

there

__________(be)

no

light

in

the

day?

Zvwh6Jy。NPmculm。10.I

was

very

busy

yesterday,

otherwise

I

________(go)

to

the

party.

ACV1GSI。E2wZ8W4。11.Without

your

help

the

old

man_____(not

live)

now.

12.It

is

high

time

you________(take)

the

medicine

,sir.

vtlidYJ。DOmNpIN。13.IwishI____________________(attend)themeetingyesterday.14.IwishI__________________(can)fly.ldmYY4R。kaSW7kY。15.Hewishedhe___________________(notfall)inlovewithherbefore.D42cIft。Z1KYp8A。16.Iwouldratheryou_______________(paint)thewallgreennexttime.entQC6E。7bbWPrK。17.Iwouldrathershe_______________(notdo)that.oibyw6O。Z7nPXg5。18.IfonlyI______________(take)youradvice.19.IfonlyI________(be)abird!ZB1O7iU。15ASmQb。20.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI______(do)it.3XF87dB。h4tnqEP。21.Mymomsuggeststhatwe_____eatoutforachangethisweekend.b1ObY7e。icOAsgE。22.Don’thandlethevaseasifit______(be)madeofsteel.qCLZSBz。QoWiwC9。23.Ifhe______(follow)myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.enKKbBn。RGlMDwF。24.Wetookataxitothelecturehall.Otherwisewe______(be)lateforthemeeting.1hil8Tq。aKgrrBN。25.Ifwe______(book)atableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.0E3hcvc。VXrQM5I。单句改错：IfIwasyou,Iwouldrunfaster.IfIlivenearmyoffice,Iwouldwalktowork.Iknownothingaboutthefilm.IfIknewaboutit,Iwilltellyou.jIQ9OrP。4oELfDv。Ifsheworkedhardenough,shewouldhavepassedtheEnglishexam.5ifqRtw。YraFKOe。Ifitwerenotraintomorrow,theymightgototheGreatWall.GngAMzA。wg2lCDa。Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshecouldn’tsing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.l1LGjGr。bfJ0YQ9。Shouldtheweatherfine,wemightgoonatrip.Shewasverybusyyesterday,otherwiseshewouldcometothemeeting.Z7MtKCO。HskpLER。IwishIwasastallasyou.HowIwishIcanpayavisittoParis.HewishesthathestudiedFrenchinsteadJapaneseinthecollege.U58A9bU。jRqIsLe。12.Iwouldratheryoupaymenow.It’shightimethatwegotobed.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyIfollowedyouradvice.TQqU0af。QyqRgNL。Ifyouaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.F6w86f9。ajRH7r5。Hewouldbeagoodsportsmannowifhetrainedregularly.Np5O6y3。BZnLQ7N。1.came2.were3.hadn’thelped4.shouldthink5.hadmet6.moves7.were8.havefoundDivxgYj。NC3gpjY。9.were10.wouldhavegone11.wouldn’tlives12.took13.hadattended14.couldeKBmVtY。4WaafRp。15.hadn’tfallen16.pointed17.hadn’tdone18.hadtaken19.were20.haddone21.should22.were23.hadfollowed24.wouldhavebeen25.hadbookedgk7mx69。xtkMvrq。was—were2.live—lived3.will—would4.she+had5.not+to6.couldn’tcan’tcjJHLEZ。gcLn37l。7.weather+be8.would+have9.was—were10.can—could11.instead—of8PNd80w。cod9es3。12.pay—paid13.go—went14.I+had15.you+had16.he+had4nXnFYM。tnhhk4r。1.

were

2.

could

walk

3.(should)

do

4.

ended

5.

It

6.

(should).take

7would

be

destroyed

8.

it

9.

is

taken

10.will

improve

11.would

become

1．Should

2．Can

3．can't

4．weren't

5．would

be

flying

6．couldn't

7．can

8．will

dCoVzsc。hd2XNh1。9．should

10．might

I

have

been

wishing

I

___1______

(be)

as

free

as

a

bird

flying

in

the

clean

sky.

However,

the

earth

is

in

a

little

danger

now!

People

suffer

more

from

the

natural

disasters,

pollution,

global

warming

and

so

on.

If

only

we

______2___

(can

walk)

in

the

c