常用临床生化名词辞汇

常用临床生化名词辞汇

(A)abetalipoproteinemia无β脂蛋白血症absorbance(A)吸光度absorbefacient吸收剂；促吸收的absorben吸收抗原absorbency吸光度absorbent吸收剂absorption吸收作用absorptivity(a)吸光性abstraction提取；抽出；抽血accelerator促进剂；加速剂accuracy准确度acentric偏心的；非正中的acetaldehyde乙醛acetaminophen乙醯对氨基酚acetate乙酸盐；乙酯；醋酸盐acetatethiokinase乙酸硫激acetest酮体检出试剂aceticacid乙酸；醋酸aceticanhydride乙酸酐；醋酸酐acetoaceticacid(AcAcOH)乙醯乙酸；乙醯醋酸acetoacetyl-CoA乙醯乙醯辅Aacetone丙酮acetonitrile乙acetyl-(Ac)乙醯基acetylation乙醯化作用acetylcholine(ACh)乙醯胆硷acetylcholinesterase(AcCHS；AChE)乙醯胆硷酯acetylcoenzymeA(acetyl-CoA)乙醯辅Aacetylcysteine,N-乙醯半胱氨酸,N-acetylglucosamine,N-乙醯葡萄糖胺,N-acetylprocainamide,N-乙醯普鲁卡因胺,N-acetylsalicylicacid乙醯水杨酸acetyolneuraminicacid,N-乙醯神经胺酸,N-achlorhydria胃酸缺乏achromatic无色的achylia分泌液缺乏acidphosphatase(ACP)酸性磷酯acid-basebalance酸硷平衡acidemia酸血症acidosis酸中毒aciduria酸性尿aconitase乌头酸acquiredimmunodificiencysyndrome(AIDS)後天免疫缺陷徵候群acrylamide丙烯醯胺actin肌动蛋白；肌纤蛋白actinD放射菌Dactinomycin放线菌素activation活化作用；激活作用activator活化剂activesite活性部位activetransport主动运输activity活性acuterenalfailure急性肾衰竭acy1CoAcholesterolacyltransferase(ACAT)乙醯辅A-胆固醇转醯acyl醯基acylation醯化作用Addison'sdisease艾迪森氏病adenine腺嘌呤adenoma腺瘤adenosine(A)腺adenosinedeaminase(ADA)腺脱胺adenosinediphosphate(ADP)腺二磷酸adenosinemonophosphate(AMP)腺一磷酸adenosinetriphosphate(ATP)腺三磷酸adipocyte脂肪细胞adipose脂肪adiposis(=liposis)肥胖症adjuvant佐剂adrenalcortex肾上腺皮质adrenalgland肾上腺adrenalhormone肾上腺激素；肾上腺荷尔蒙adrenalmedulla肾上腺髓质adrenaline(=epinephrine)肾上腺素adrenocoricotropichormone(ACTH)肾上腺皮促素adrenocorticosteroids肾上腺皮质类固醇adriamycin亚德里亚霉素adsorption吸附作用affinity亲和力；亲和性affinitychromatography亲和层析法afibrinogenemia无纤维蛋白原血症aflatoxin黄曲毒素agammaglobulinemia无γ球蛋白血症agargel琼脂胶agarosegelelectrophoresis琼胶电泳分析法agglutination凝集作用agglutinin凝集素alanine丙胺酸alanineaminotransferase(ALT)丙胺酸转胺albinism白化病albumin白蛋白albumin/globulinratio(A/G)白蛋白/球蛋白比值albuminuria白蛋白尿症alcitriol钙三醇alcohol醇；酒精alcoholdehydrogenase(ADH；AD)醇脱氢；乙醇脱氢alcoholism酒精中毒aldehyde醛aldolase(ALD)醛缩Aldomet(=methyldopa)甲基多巴aldosterone醛固酮alkalemia硷血症alkali硷alkaline硷性alkalinephosphatase(ALP)硷性磷酯alkaloid生物硷alkalosis硷中毒alkaponuria黑尿症alkylation烷化作用allantoin尿囊素allele(=allelomorph)等偶基因allergen过敏原allostericsite异位alloxan四氧嘧啶aluminum(Al)铝alveoli肺泡amenorrhea无经amikacin丁胺卡那霉素amine胺aminoacid胺基酸amino-胺基aminoaciduria胺基酸尿症aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetase氨醯转移核糖核酸合成aminobenzoicacid,p-(PAB；PABA)胺基苯甲酸,p-aminohippurate,p-(PAH)胺基马尿酸盐,p-aminolevulinicacid,δ-胺基左旋果糖酸,δ-aminopeptidase胺aminophylline胺荼咸aminosalicylicacid胺基水杨酸aminotransferase转胺ammonia氨ammoniumhydroxide氢氧化铵ammoniumphosphomolybdate磷钼酸铵ammoniumsulfate硫酸铵amniocentesis羊膜穿刺术amnioticfluid羊水；羊膜液amphetamine安非他命ampholyte两性电解质amyl戊烷基amylase淀粉amylase,α-淀粉,α-amyloid类淀粉amyloidosis淀粉样变性amylopectin枝链淀粉amylose直链淀粉analgesis止痛药analysis分析analyte分析物androgen雄性素androsterone雄固酮anemia贫血anencephaly无脑aneuploidy非整倍性angiotensin血管收缩素angiotensinconvertingenzyme(ACE)血管收缩素转变酵素anhydride酐aniline苯胺anion阴离子annealing降温结合anode阳极anodicstrippingvoltammetry阳极剥落电位电流测定法antagonist拮抗剂anti-antibody抗-抗体anti-DeltaD型肝炎抗体anti-dsDNA去氧核糖核酸抗体anti-HAVA型肝炎抗体anti-HAVIgMA型肝炎免疫球蛋白Manti-HBcB型肝炎核心抗体anti-HBcIgMB型肝炎核心抗体免疫球蛋白Manti-HBeB型肝炎E抗体anti-HBsB型肝炎表面抗原anti-HBstiterB型肝炎表面抗体效价anti-SCC抗SCC肿瘤标记antiarrhythmics抗心律不整药物antibody抗体anticoagulant抗凝剂anticodon反密码子anticonvulsant抗痉挛的；抗抽风的antidepressant抗抑郁的；抗折制剂antidiruetic抗利尿的；抗利尿剂antidiuretichormone(ADH)抗利尿素antidote解毒剂antigen抗原antigenicdetermanant抗原决定基antihistamine抗组织胺antihypertensive抗高血压的antimicrobial制菌剂antimonypotassiumtartrate酒石酸锑钾；吐酒石antioxidant抗氧化剂antipsychotics抗精神病的antipyretic退热药antisera抗血清antitrypsin抗胰蛋白antitrypsin,α1-抗胰蛋白,α1-apoenzyme元apolipoprotein脂蛋白元apoprotein脱辅基蛋白apoptosis细胞凋亡arachidonicacid花生烯酸arrhythmia节律不齐arsenic(As)砷arteriosclerosis动脉硬化ascites腹水ascorbicacid维生素C；抗坏血酸aspartateaminotransferase(AST)天门冬胺酸转胺asparticacid天冬胺酸aspirin乙醯水杨酸；阿司匹灵assay测定法；分析法atherosclerosis动脉(粥瘤)硬化atomicabsorption原子吸收atomicabsorptionspectrophotometer原子吸收光谱仪atomicemission原子发光atomizationspectrophotometer原子化光谱仪atropine阿托品autocrine自分泌automation自动化autoradiography放射显影术avidin抗生物素蛋白avidity抗体亲抗原性azide叠氮化物azobilirubin偶氮胆红素azotaemia氨血症常用临床生化名词辞汇

(B)bacteria细菌balance天平；平衡bandpass波距barcode条码barbital巴比妥barbiturate巴比妥盐barometer气压计base盐基；硷batchanalysis批次分析beam光束Beer'slaw比尔定律belladonna颠茄BenceJonesprotein本琼氏蛋白Benedict'ssolution本耐德氏溶液bentonite矽酸铝胶；皂土benzene苯benzidine联苯胺benzoate苯甲酸盐；安息香酸盐benzoicacid苯甲酸；安息香酸benzoyl苯甲醯基benzyl苯甲基beriberi脚气病between-run隔次操作between-runvariation隔次操作变异bias偏差bicarbonate重碳酸盐bile胆汁bileacid胆汁酸bilepigment胆色素bilesalt胆盐bilirubin胆红素bilirubinemia胆红素血症bilirubinometer胆红素计bilirubinuria胆红素尿症biliverdin胆绿素bimodaldistribution双模式分布bioassay生物测定法biochemistry生物化学；生化学bioenergetics生物能量学biologicalvalue生物值biology生物学bioluminescence生物冷光biometry生物统计biopsy活切biotin生物素biotransformation生物转换biphenyl联苯bisphosphatidylglycerol二磷脂酸甘油bisulfate重硫酸盐；酸性硫酸盐bisulfite重亚硫酸盐；酸性亚硫酸盐biuret双乙缩biuretreaction双缩反应bivalent二价的blank空白对照blood血液bloodgasanalysis血液气体分析bloodpressure血压bloodureanitrogen(BUN)血液尿素氮blood-brainbarrier血脑屏障bodyfluid血液bond键bone骨borate硼酸盐borax硼酸钠；硼砂boricacid硼酸bovineserumalbumin(BSA)牛血清白蛋白bowel肠bradykinin缓动素brain脑branchingenzyme分枝bromelain凤梨bromide溴化物bromocresolgreen(BCG)溴甲酚绿bromocresolpurple溴甲酚紫bromsulphalein(BSP)四溴酚汰磺酸buffer(solution)缓冲(液)buret滴定管butanol丁醇butyl-丁烷基butyricacid丁酸常用临床生化名词辞汇

(C)c-AMP环腺单磷酸C-reactiveprotein(CRP)C-反应蛋白CA-125CA-125肿瘤标记CA-153CA-153肿瘤标记CA-199CA-199肿瘤标记cadmium镉caffeine咖啡因硷calcemia钙血症calcidiol钙二醇calciferol促钙醇；维生素D2calcitonin抑钙素calcium(Ca)钙calculi结石calculosis结石病calibration校准cancer癌capricacid癸酸；羊脂酸caproicacid己酸；羊油酸carbamate胺基由酸盐carbamazepine氨甲；胺咪carbamoyltransferase(DCT)鸟胺酸胺基甲醯转移carbohydrate醣carbolicacid石碳酸carbon(C)碳carbondioxide二氧化碳carbonmonoxide一氧化碳carbontetrachloride四氯化碳carbonicacid碳酸carbonicanhydrase碳酸酐carbonyl羰基carboxyhemoglobin(HbCO)一氧化碳血红素carboxyl羧基carboxylase羧carboxylicacid羧酸carboxypeptidase羧carcinoembryonicantigen(CEA)癌胚抗原carcinogen致癌物carcinoid类癌瘤carcinoma癌瘤carcinosarcoma癌肉瘤cardiacdisease心脏疾病cardiacglycoside强心糖carmine胭脂红carminicacid胭脂红酸carnitine肉硷carotene胡萝卜素carotenoid类胡萝卜素carrierprotein运送蛋白carryover滞转污染cartilage软骨casein酪蛋白castoroil蓖麻油catabolism分解代谢catalase过氧化氢catalysis催化作用catalyst催化剂catalyze催化cataplasia组织退化catechol邻苯二酚catecholamine邻苯二酚胺cathepsin组织蛋白cation阳离子CEA癌胚抗原cellobiose纤维二糖cellulose纤维素celluloseacetate乙酸纤维素centralnervoussystem中枢神经系统centrifugation离心centrifuge离心机cephalosporin头孢菌素cerebroside脑脂类cerebrospinalfluid(CSF)脑脊液ceruloplasmin蓝胞浆素chalicosis石末肺chelate螫合作用chemicalanalysis化学分析chemiluminescence化学冷光chemistry化学chemoreceptor化学受体chemosis球结膜水肿chemotaxis趋化性chemotherapy化学疗法chimera嵌合体chitin甲壳素；几丁质chloralhydrate水合氯醛chloramphenicol氯霉素chlorate氯酸盐chloride(Cl)氯化物chloridometer测氯仪chloroform氯仿chlorophyll叶绿素chlorpromazine氯丙；冬眠灵cholagogue利胆药cholate胆酸盐cholecalciferol维生素D；胆钙化醇cholecystokinin缩胆囊cholelithiasis胆石病cholestasis胆汁郁滞cholesterol胆固醇cholicacid胆酸choline胆硷cholinesterase(CHS)胆硷酯chondrocyte软骨细胞chondroitinsulfate硫酸软骨素chorionicgonadotropin(CG；HCG)绒毛(膜)性促素chromaffin嗜铬性chromate铬酸盐chromatid染色分体chromatin染色质chromatogram色谱；层析谱chromatography层析法chromatophil嗜色性chromatophore色素细胞chromium(Cr)铬chromogen色素原chromoprotein色素蛋白chromosome染色体chyle乳糜chylomicron乳糜微粒chyluria乳糜尿症chyme食糜chymotrypsin凝乳蛋白cimetidine甲氰咪脉cirrhosis(肝)硬化cisplatinum顺氯氨铂cistron顺反子citrate柠檬酸盐citricacid柠檬酸citrulline瓜胺酸clofibrate脂乙酯clone株(名词)；选株(动词)clonidine氯压定coagulase凝固coagulation凝固作用cobalamin钴胺；维生素B12cobalt(Co)钴cocaine古柯硷cocarboxylase辅羧cocarcinogen辅致癌物质codeine可待因硷codon密码子；译码coefficient系数coefficientofvariation(CV)变异系数coenzyme辅coenzymeA(CoA)辅Acofactor辅因子colchicine秋水仙素coldagglutinin冷凝集素colipase辅脂collagen胶原colloidosmoticpressure胶体渗透压coloncancer结肠癌color色；色素；色料colorimeter比色计colorimetry比色法columnchromatography管柱层析法coma昏迷compatibility相容性competitiveenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay竞争性酵素连结免疫吸附法competitiveimmunoradiometricasssy竞争性免疫放射计量法competitiveinhibitor竞争性抑制competitiveprotein-bindinganalysis竞争性蛋白质结合分析competitive-bindingassay竞争性结合测定法complement(C)补体complementfixation补体结合反应complementaryDNA(cDNA)互补去氧核糖核酸compound化合物comprehensivedrugscreen全面性药物筛选computerbarcoding电脑条码辨识concentrate浓缩物；浓缩concentration浓缩；浓度condensation凝结condenser冷凝器；电容器conductance(G)传导度conduction传导conductivity传导度confidenceinterval可信任间距conjugate结合物conjugatedbilirubin结合胆红素conjugation结合作用constantsystematicerror固定系统性误差；常数系统性误差contamination污染continuous-flowanalyzer连续流动式分析仪contrast对比convection对流conversion转化；转变convulsion痉挛copper(Cu)铜coproporphyrin粪紫质coproporphyrinogen粪紫质原coronaryarterydisease冠状动脉疾病correlationcoefficient相关系数cortex皮质corticoid类皮(质)素corticosteroid皮(质)类固醇corticosterone皮(质)固酮corticotropin皮(质)促素corticotropin-releasinghormone皮释素cortisol皮(质)醇cortisone皮(质)酮；可体松counterimmunoelectrophoresis(CIE)对流免疫电泳creatine肌酸creatinekinase(CK)肌酸激creatinephosphate磷酸肌酸creatinine(CR)肌酸酐creatinineclearance肌酐廓清率cretinism克汀病cross-reactivity交互作用,交叉反应cryofibrinogenemia冷凝纤维蛋白原血症cryoglobulin冷凝球蛋白cryoprecipitate冷沉淀物crystal晶体crystalviolet结晶紫crystalloid类晶体curve曲线Cushing'sdisease库欣氏病Cushing'ssyndrome库欣氏症cuvet比色管cyamethemoglobin(HiCN)氰变性血红素cyanide氰化物cyanocobalamin氰钴胺cyanosis发绀cyclamate环已氨磺酸盐cyclicadenosinemonophosphate(cAMP)环腺单磷酸cyclosporine(=cyclosporinA)环孢灵素cysteine(Cys；C)半胱胺酸cysticfibrosis囊肿纤维变性cystine胱胺酸cystinosis胱胺酸病cystinuria胱胺酸尿症cytidine(C)胞核cytochromeoxidase细胞色素氧化cytochromeP450细胞色素P450cytokinesis胞质分裂cytosine胞嘧啶cytotoxin细胞毒素常用临床生化名词辞汇

(D)data资料deactivation去活作用deadvolume死容积deaminase脱胺deamination脱醯胺作用decalcification去钙作用decanoicacid癸酸decarboxylase脱羧decay衰退degreeoffreedom自由度dehydratase脱水dehydration脱水作用dehydrocholesterol,7-7-脱氢胆固醇dehydrogenase脱氢dehydrogenate脱氢；脱氢剂deionization去离子作用deltacheck德他(δ)变化值denaturation变性densitometer密度计densitometry密度测定法densitygradientcentrifugation密度梯度离心法deoxy-脱氧deoxycholate脱氧胆酸盐deoxycholicacid脱氧胆酸deoxyhemoglobin脱氧血红素deoxyriboncleotide脱氧(核糖)核酸deoxyribonuclease(DNase)氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleicacidprobe去氧核糖核酸探针deoxyribonucleoside脱氧(核糖)核deoxyribose脱氧核糖deoxysugar脱氧糖deoxyuridine脱氧尿核deproteinization去蛋白作用derivative衍生物desferrioxamine去铁铵desiccator乾燥器desoxycorticosterone,11-(DOC)脱氧皮(质)固酮,11-detector侦测器detoxification去毒作用；解毒作用deuterium(2H；D)氘；重氢dexamethasone地塞米松dextin糊精dextran右旋聚醣；类糊精dextrose右旋糖；葡萄糖diabetes糖尿症diabetesinsipidus尿崩症diabetesmellitus糖尿病dialysate透析液dialysis透析dialyzer透析器diaphoretic发汗剂diastase淀粉diazepam(精神)安定药；二氮平diazo-重氮基diazoniumsalt重氮盐dicoumarol双番豆素diet膳食diethylether乙醚diethylstilbestrol乙烯雌酚diffusate扩散液digestion消化digitalis毛地黄digitoxin毛地黄毒digoxin毛地黄素digoxin-likeimmunoreactivefactor类毛地黄免疫反应物质dihydrofolate双氢叶酸dihydrotestosterone二氢睾丸脂酮dihydroxycholecalciferol,1,25-二羟胆钙化醇,1,25-diiodothyroxine(T2)二碘甲状腺胺酸diiodotyrosine(DIT)二碘酪胺酸dilantin苯妥英；内醯酸二苯钠diluent稀释剂dilution稀释dimethylsulfoxide二甲(基)亚枫dimethylforamide二甲基甲胺dinitrobenzene二硝基苯dinitrophenol(DNP)二氧六圜dioxane二氧六圜dioxin二辛；戴奥辛diphenylhydantoin二苯妥因diphosphoglycerate,2,3-(2,3-DPG)二磷酸甘油酸盐,2,3-disaccharide双醣discreteanalyzer独立性分析仪disease疾病dispenser配方distillation蒸馏disulfide二硫化物diuretics利尿的；利尿剂DNAsequencingDNA硷基序列排定dopamine度巴胺；多巴胺dose剂量dose-responsecurve剂量反应曲线doubleantibody双重抗体doubleimmunodiffusion双向免疫扩散doubleoxalate双草酸盐double-beamphotometer双光束光度计down-loading转达指令drug药物drugabusescreen毒品滥用筛检drugmonitoring药物监控drugscreen药物筛检dry-filmtechnology乾式薄片技术dysgammaglobulinemia异常γ球蛋白血症常用临床生化名词辞汇

(E)ectopicpregnancy异位妊娠effusion渗出elastase弹性蛋白elastin弹性蛋白electroblot电渍法electrochemistry电化学electrode电极electrodepotential电极电位electroimmunodiffusion电泳免疫扩散(法)electrolysis电解electrolyte电解质electromagneticspectrum电磁光谱electron电子electronegative负电的electrophoresis电泳法electropositive正电的eluate洗出物eluent洗出液elution洗出emission发射emphysema(肺)气肿emulsion乳融液；乳剂encephalitis脑炎end-pointanalysis终点分析法endocrine内分泌endocrinology内分泌学endogenous内源的；内生的endometriosis子宫内膜异位endophin脑内啡endotoxin内毒素enol烯醇enolase烯醇enterogastrone肠抑胃素enterogenous肠生的enterokinase肠激enteropeptidase肠enterotoxin肠毒素enzymaticanalysis酵素分析enzyme酵素enzymeimmunoassay酵素免疫分析法enzyme-linkedimmunoelectrotransferblottechnique酵素连结免疫电渍技术enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)酵素连结免疫吸附法enzyme-multipliedimmunoassay(EMIT)酵素增幅免疫分析法eosin伊红epilepsy癫epimer表异构物epimerase表异构epinephrine肾上腺素epitestosterone表睾固酮epithelialcell上皮细胞equilibration平衡作用equilibrium平衡equilibriumconstant(K)平衡常数equipment设备equivalence当量ergocalciferol麦角固醇ergosterol麦角促钙醇；维生素D2erythrocyte红血球erythrodextrin红糊精erythropoietin生红血球素essentialaminoacid必需胺基酸essentialfattyacid必需脂肪酸essentialhypertension自发性高血压ester酯esterase酯esterification酯化(作用)estradiol(E2)雌二醇estradiol,17β-雌二醇,17-βestriol(E3)雌三醇estrogen雌性素；动情素estrone雌酮ethane乙烷ethanol乙醇ethanolamine乙醇胺ether醚ethosuximide甲乙琥珀亚胺ethylene乙烯ethyleneglycol乙二醇ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid(EDTA)乙二胺四乙酸eugenics优生学eukaryote真核生物euthyroid甲状腺机能正常的evaporation蒸发exvivo体外excitation激发exocrine外分泌exogenous外源的；外生的exon外序列；表现序列exotoxin外毒素externalqualitycontrol外品管extraction萃取exudate渗出液常用临床生化名词辞汇

(F)falsenegative伪(假)阴性falsepositive伪(假)阳性Fanconisyndrome范康尼徵候群fat脂肪fattyacid脂肪酸fattydegeneration脂肪变性Favism蚕豆病feedback反馈Fehling'ssolution费林溶液ferricchloride氯化铁ferritin铁蛋白ferroxidase氧化亚铁fetalhemoglobin(HbF)胎血红素fetoprotein,α1-(AFP)胎蛋白,α1-fibrin纤维蛋白fibrinogen纤维蛋白原fibrinolysis纤维蛋白溶解fibronectin纤维黏佐素filter滤器filtration过滤flamephotometer火焰光度计flavin黄素flavinadeninedinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核酸flavinmononucleotide(FMN)黄素一核酸flavoprotein黄素蛋白fluorescence萤光fluorescenceimmunoassay萤光免疫分析fluorescencepolarizationimmunoassay萤光偏极化免疫分析fluoride氟化物fluorometer萤光计fluorometry萤光测定法folate叶酸盐folicacid(=pteroylglutamicacid)(FA)叶酸folinicacid亚叶酸follicle-stimulationhormone(FSH)滤泡促素formaldehyde甲醛formalin甲醛液；福马林formicacid甲酸frameshiftmutation移码突变freeenergy自由能freefattyacid(FFA)游离脂肪酸fructokinase果糖激fructosamine果糖胺fructose果糖fructosemia果糖血症fructosuria果糖尿症fucose,L-海藻糖,L-furanose喃糖常用临床生化名词辞汇

(G)galactocerebroside半乳糖脑脂galactokinase半乳糖激galactosamine半乳糖胺galactose半乳糖galactosemia半乳糖血症galactoside半乳糖galactosyltransferase半乳糖转移galvanometer电流计gamma-aminobutyricacid氨基丁酸,γ-gamma-glutamyltransferase麸酸去氢,γ-gamma-ray射线,γ-gammaglobulin球蛋白,γ-gammopathy球蛋白病变,γ-ganglioside神经节脂；神经节醣脂gaschromatography(GC)气相层析法gas-liquidchromatography(GLC)气液相层析法gastricanalysis胃液分析gastrin胃催素；胃泌激素Gaucher'sdisease高歇氏病gaussiandistribution高氏正常分布gel胶gel-filtrationchromatography胶滤层析法gel-permeationchromatography胶透层析法gelatin明胶gender性别gene基因genedeletion基因缺失；基因删geneticdisease先天性疾病geneticpolymorphism遗传多型性genome基因组gentamicin健大霉素geriatrics老年病学gestation怀孕妊娠glacialaceticacid冰醋酸gland腺globin血球蛋白globulin球蛋白glomerularfiltraion肾小球滤过作用glomerularfiltrationrate(GFR)肾丝球过滤速率glucagon升糖素glucan聚葡萄糖glucocorticoid糖类皮素glucofuranose喃型葡萄糖glucogenesis葡萄糖生成glucokinase葡萄糖激gluconeogenesis葡萄糖新生glucopyranose喃型葡萄糖glucosamine葡萄糖胺glucose葡萄糖glucosedehydrogenase葡萄糖去氢glucoseoxidase葡萄糖氧化glucosephosphateisomerase(GPI)葡萄糖磷酸异构glucosetolerancetest葡萄糖耐量测验glucose-6-phosphatase葡萄糖-6-磷酸glucose-6-phosphate(G-6-P)葡萄糖-6-磷酸glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase(G-6-PD)葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢glucosidase,α-D-葡萄糖,α-D-glucoside葡萄糖glucosuria葡萄糖尿症glucosylation葡萄糖化glucuronicacid葡萄糖醛酸glucuronidase,β-D-葡萄糖醛酸,β-D-glucuronide葡萄糖醛酸化物glucuronyl-transferase葡萄糖醛酸基转移glutamate麸胺酸盐glutamatedecarboxylase麸胺酸羧glutamatedehydrogenase麸胺酸脱氢glutamate-pyruvatetransaminase(GPT)同(ALT)glutamicacid(Glu)麸胺酸glutamic-oxaloacetictranaminase(GOT)同(AST)glutaminase麸胺醯胺glutamine(Gln；Q)麸胺醯胺glutamyltransferase,γ-(γGT；GGT)麸胺醯转移,γ-glutaraldehyde戊二醛glutathione(GSH)麸胱甘glutathionesynthetase麸胱甘合成glutelin谷蛋白glycatedhemoglobin糖化血红素glycation糖化glyceraldehyde甘油醛glyceraldehyde3-phosphate甘油醛-3-磷酸glyceride甘油酯glycerin甘油glycerol甘油glycerophosphatide甘油磷脂glycine(Gly；G)甘胺酸glycocholate甘胺胆酸盐glycocholicacid甘胺胆酸glycogen肝醣glycogenesis肝醣生成glycogenolysis肝醣分解glycogenoses肝醣贮积症glycol二醇glycolipid醣脂类glycolysis醣(分)解glyconeogenesis醣新生；醣质新生glycopeptide醣；醣glycophorin血型醣蛋白glycoprotein醣蛋白glycosidase醣glycoside醣glycosuria醣尿症glycosylatedHb(HbAl)醣化血红素glycosylation醣基化作用glycosyltransferase醣基转移glymidine苯磺嘧啶goiter甲状腺肿gold(Au)金gonad性腺gonadotropin性促素gonadotropinhormone-releasinghormone性释素gout痛风Graafianfollicle格雷夫氏卵泡gradient梯度growthhormone生长激素growthhormone-releasingfactor(GHRF)生长素释因guanine鸟嘌呤guaninedeaminase(GR)鸟嘌呤脱胺guanosine(G)鸟核guanosinetriphosphate(GTP)鸟核三磷酸常用临床生化名词辞汇

(H)haploid单套染色体的hapten半抗原haptoglobin(Hp)结合蛋白HBeAg乙型肝炎E抗原HBsAg乙型肝炎表面抗原helium氦hematocrit血球容积器hematology血液学hematopoietin造血素hematoxylin苏木精heme血红质hemiglobin(HiHb)高铁血红素hemin高铁血红质hemodialysis血液透析hemoglobin(Hb)血红素；血红蛋白hemoglobinopathy血红素病变hemoglobinuria血红素尿症hemolysin溶血素hemolysis溶血hemopexin血红质结合素hemophilia血友病hemorrhage出血hemosiderin血铁质hemosiderosis血铁质沉着症heparin肝素hepaticencephalopathy肝性脑病hepatitis肝炎hepatocytes肝细胞herpessimplex单纯庖疹heterogeneous异质的heterologous异质的hexokinase(Hk)己糖激hexosamine己糖胺hexose己糖hexosemonophosphateshunt己糖-磷酸分路high-densitylipoprotein(HDL)高密度脂蛋白high-performanceliquidchromatography(HPLC)高效能液相层析high-pressureliquidchromatography(HPLC)高压液相层析法high-resolutionelectrophoresis高解析电泳hippuricacid马尿酸histamine组织胺histidinase组胺酸histidine(His；H)组胺酸histidinuria组胺酸尿症histocompatibilityantigen组织相容性抗原histogram柱形图histone组蛋白HMG-CoA羟一甲基戊二酸单醯CoAhollow-cathodelamp阴极柱型灯管holoenzymes全homocysteine高半胱胺酸homocystine高胱胺酸homocystinuria高胱胺酸尿症homogeneous同质的homogentisticacid(HGA)尿黑酸homologouschromosome同质染色体homovanillicacid同香草酸homozygote同质接合子hormone激素；荷尔蒙hormonereceptor荷尔蒙受体horseradishperoxidase辣根过氧化humanchorionicgonadotropin人类绒毛膜性促素hyaluronicacid玻糖醛酸hyaluronidase玻糖醛酸hybrid杂合体hybridization杂合作用；杂交法hybridoma杂合瘤hydatidiformmole水泡状胎块；葡萄胎hydramnion羊水过多hydrate水化物hydration水化作用hydrazine胼联胺hydrocarbon烃hydrochloricacid盐酸hydrogen氢hydrogenbonding氢键hydrogenperoxide过氧化氢hydrogenase氢化hydrogenation氢化作用hydrolase水解hydrolysis水解作用hydroperoxide过氧化物hydrophobic厌水性hydrophobicinteraction忌水性交互作用hydroxyapatite羟磷灰石hydroxybutyratedehydrogenase,α-羟丁酸脱氢,α-hydroxycorticosteroids,17-(17-OHCS)羟皮(质)类固醇,17-hydroxycorticosterone,17-羟皮(质)固醇,17-hydroxyindoleaceticacid,5-(5-HIAA)氢氧靛基醋酸,5-hydroxylase羟化hydroxyprogesterone,17-羟基孕固酮,17-hydroxyproline(Hyp)羟脯胺酸hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)羟色胺,5-hyperammonemia高氨血症hyperbilirubinemia高胆红素血症hypercalcemia高钙血症hypercalcuria高钙尿症hypercapnia高碳酸血钙hyperchloraemia高氯血症hyperchlorhydria胃酸过多症hypercholesterolemia高胆固醇血症hyperglycemia高糖血症hyperinsulinism高胰岛素症hyperkalaemia高钾血症hyperlipidemia高脂血症hyperlipoproteinemia高脂蛋白血症hypermagnesemia高镁血症hypernatremia高钠血症hyperparathyroidism高能副甲(状)腺症hyperphosphatemia高磷酸盐血症hypertension高血压hyperthyroidism高能甲(状)腺症；甲状腺机能过症hypertriglyceridemia血甘油三酯过多hyperuricaemia(=lithaemia)高尿酸血症hypervitaminosis高维生素症hypocalcemia血钙过低(症)hypofibrinogenemia低纤维蛋白原血症hypogammaglobulinemia低γ球蛋白血症hypoglycemia低糖血症hypogonadism性腺机能减退hypokalemia血钾过低hypomagnesemia低镁血症hyponatremia血钠过低hypoparathyroidism低能副甲(状)腺症hypopituitarism脑下垂体功能减退；垂体功能不足hypothalamus下视丘hypothenuria低渗尿hypothyroidism低能甲(状)腺症；甲状腺机能不足hypovitaminosis低维生素症hypovolemia低量血症hypoxemia低血氧症hypoxia低氧常用临床生化名词辞汇

(I)icterus黄疸iditoldehydrogenase(ID)六氢醇脱氢imide醯亚胺imine亚胺iminoacid亚胺酸immobilization固定immunecomplex免疫复合体immuneresponse免疫反应immunoassay免疫测定法；免疫分析immunochemicaltechnique免疫化学技术immunochemistry免疫化学immunodiffusion免疫扩散分析immunoelectrophoresis免疫电泳法immunoelectrotransferblottechnique免疫电渍技术immunofixation免疫固定immunofluorescencetechnique免疫萤光技术immunogen免疫原；抗原体immunoglobulin(Ig)免疫球蛋白immunoinhibition免疫抑制法immunometricassay免疫计量分析法immunonephelometry免疫散射比浊法immunosorbent免疫吸附法imprecision不精密；不精密度insituhybridization原位杂交；原位对合invitro(活)体外；试管内invivo(活)体内inaccuracy不精确；不精确度inactivation钝化；去活化inbornerrorofmetabolism先天性代谢异常incubation保温；培育；潜伏；孵育indocyaninegreen(ICG)靛菁；靛花青；循血绿indoleindole-aceticacid(IAA)乙酸indophenol靛基酚infarction梗塞形成infection感染infertility不孕infrared(IR)红外线inheritance遗传inhibition抑制作用inhibitor抑制剂；抑制物inorganicphosphate(Pi)无机磷酸盐inorganicpyrophosphate(PPi)无机焦磷酸盐inosine(I)肌核；肌inosinemonophosphate肌核-磷酸；肌-磷酸inositol肌醇insecticide杀虫剂instrument仪器insulin胰岛素insulindependentdiabetesmellitus胰岛素依靠性糖尿病interference干扰interferent干扰物质interferon干扰素interleukin(IL)介白质internalqualitycontrol内品管internationalunit国际单位intestine肠intoxication中毒intrinsicfactor内在因子intron内序列；插入序列inulin菊醣inulinclearance菊醣廓清iodine(I)碘ion离子ion-exchangechromatography离子交换层析法ion-exchangeresin离子交换树脂ion-selectiveelectrode离子选择性ionicstrength离子强度ionization离子化ionizedcalcium(=freecalcium)游离钙；自由钙iron(Fe)铁iron-bindingcapacity铁结合能力irradiation照射ischemia局部缺血isletcell胰岛细胞iso-butyl异丁烷基isoagglutinin同种凝集素isocitratedehydrogenase(ICD)异柠檬酸脱氢isocraticelution同溶剂洗脱isocyanate异氰酸isoelectric等电的isoelectricfocusing等电焦集isoelectricpoint(pI)等电点isoenzyme同功isoform(同功)异型物isoimmunization同种免疫isoleucine(Ile；I)异白胺酸isomerase异构isomerism异构现象isopropanol异丙醇isotope同位素常用临床生化名词辞汇

(J,K)kallikrein激释放kaolin白陶土karyotype核型katal(kat)卡他(酵素活性单位)keratin角质素；角蛋白kernicterus核黄疸ketal酮缩醇ketoacid酮酸ketoacidosis酮酸中毒ketoaciduria酮酸尿症ketogenicsteroids,17-生酮类固醇,17-ketohexokinase酮己糖激ketohexose酮己糖ketone酮ketonemia酮血症ketonuria酮尿症ketose酮糖ketosis酮症；酮中毒ketosteroids,17-酮类固醇,17-ketotransferase转酮kidney肾kinase激kinetics动力学kinin激Kjeldahl'smethod克达氏法(氮分析法)kwashiorkor恶性营养不良病常用临床生化名词辞汇

(L)L/Sratio卵磷脂/神经鞘磷脂比例label标记laboratory实验室；检验室laboratoryinformationsystem(LIS)实验室资讯系统；检验室资讯系统laboratorymedicine检验医学lactalbumin乳白蛋白lactase乳糖lactate乳酸lactatedehydrogenase(LDH)乳酸脱氢lacticacid乳酸lactone内酯lactose乳糖lactosuria乳糖尿症lagphase迟滞期laser激光latex乳胶LD50半致死剂量lead铅lecithin卵磷脂lecithin-cholesterolacyltransferase(LCAT)卵磷脂胆固醇醯基转移lecithinase卵磷脂Legionnaires'disease军团病leucine(Leu；L)白胺酸leucineaminopeptidase(LAP)白胺酸胺基leukemia白血病leukocidin杀白血球素leukocyte白血球leukoplakia粘膜白斑病levulose左旋糖；果糖levulosuria左旋糖尿；果糖尿liberation释放lidocaine来多卡因ligand配位子ligase连接light光lightchain轻链lightscattering光散射linearregressionstatistics线性回归统计linearity线性linkage联结linoleicacid亚麻油酸linolenicacid次亚麻油酸lipase(LPS)脂lipemia脂血症lipid脂质lipochrome脂色素lipofuscin脂褐质lipogenesis脂肪形成lipoicacid硫辛酸lipolysis脂肪分解lipoma脂肪瘤lipopolysaccharide脂多糖lipoprotein脂蛋白lipoprotein,preβ-脂蛋白,β前-lipoprotein,α-脂蛋白,α-lipoprotein,β-脂蛋白,β-liposome脂质体；脂粒lipotrophin促脂激素lipuria脂肪尿liquidscintillationcounter液态闪烁计数器lithium(Li)锂liver肝locusofgene基因位置longterminalrepeat(LTR)末端重覆排列low-densitylipoprotein低密度脂蛋白Lowrymethod劳里法(一种蛋白质的定量分析)luciferin虫萤光素luminal管腔的；卢密拿(有催眠作用之成药名)luminescence冷光luteinizinghormone(LH)黄体促素luteotropichormone(LTH)黄体促素luteotropin黄体促素lyase裂解lymphocyte淋巴细胞lymphokine淋巴球活质lyophilization冷冻乾燥lysergicaciddiethylamide(LSD)乙胺lysin溶素lysine(Lys；K)离胺酸lysogenic致溶的lysosome溶体lysozyme溶菌常用临床生化名词辞汇

(M)macroamylase巨淀粉macroamylasemia巨淀粉血症macroglobulin巨球蛋白macroglobulin,α2-巨球蛋白,α2-macroglobulinemia巨球蛋白血症macromolecule大分子macrophage巨噬细胞magnesium(Mg)镁malatedehydrogenase(MD；MDH)苹果酸脱氢malicacid苹果酸malignancy恶性malnutrition营养不良malonicacid丙二酸malonylcoenzymeA丙二醯辅Amaltase麦牙糖maltose麦芽糖manganese(Mn)锰manganism锰中毒症mannitol甘露醇mannose甘露糖mannosidosis甘露糖过多症maplesyrupdisease枫糖尿症massspectrometer质谱仪mean平均值mechanism机转meconium胎粪median中数meiosis减数分裂melanin黑色素melanocyte-stimulatinghormone(MSH)黑细胞促素melanoma黑素瘤melanuria黑色素尿症melatonin褪黑激素meningitis脑膜炎menopause停经menstrualcycle月经周期menstruation行经；月经mercaptoethanol,2-(2ME)基乙醇,2-mercurialism(=hydrargyria)汞中毒mercury(Hg)汞；水银messengerRNA(mRNA)讯息核酸metabolicacidosis代谢性酸中毒metabolicalkalosis代谢性硷中毒metabolism代谢；新陈代谢metabolite代谢物metachromasia变色反应性metaldehyde聚乙醛metalloenzyme金属metalloflavoprotein金属黄蛋白metalloprotein金属蛋白metanephrine後肾上腺髓素methaemalbumin正铁白蛋白methanol甲醇methaqualone安眠酮methemoglobin高铁血红素methemoglobinreductase高铁血红素还原methemoglobinemia高铁血红素血症methionine(Met；M)甲硫胺酸methodology方法论；方法学methotrexate甲氨蝶呤；灭杀除癌methylation甲基化作用methyleneblue甲烯蓝methylenechloride氯甲烯micelle微团；胶束microalbumin微白蛋白microburette微量滴定器microglobulin微球蛋白microglobulin,β2-微球蛋白,β2-microliter(μL)微升micrometer(μm)微米micron(μ)微米micropipet微量吸管microsome微粒体mitochondria粒线体mobile-phase移动相mobility淌度；迁移率；流动性molality(m)重量莫耳浓度molarabsorptivity莫耳吸光度molarconcentration莫耳浓度molarextinctioncoefficient克分子消光系数molarity(M)体积莫耳浓度mole莫耳(克分子)molecularexclusionchromatography分子排阻层析法molecularsize分子大小molecule分子molybdenum(Mo)钼monoamineoxidase(MAO)单胺氧化monochromator单色器；单色仪monoclonalantibody单株抗体,单源抗体monoclonalgammopathy单源γ球蛋白病变mononucleotide单核酸monooxygenase单加氧monosaccharide单醣morphine吗啡motilin蠕动素mucin黏液素；粘质mucopeptide黏呔mucopolysaccharide(MPS)黏多醣mucoprotein黏蛋白multichannelanalyzer(MCA)多管道分析仪multiplesclerosis多发性硬化mumps流行性腮腺炎muramidase胞壁muscle肌肉mutagen诱变原mutant变种mutase变位mutation突变myelin鞘磷脂myocardialinfarction心肌梗塞myocardium心肌myofibril肌微纤维,肌原纤维myoglobin肌红蛋白myoglobinuria肌红蛋白尿症myosin肌球蛋白myxoedema粘液水肿常用临床生化名词辞汇

(N)NADH(nicotiamideadeninedinucleotide)菸硷酸胺腺嘌呤；核酸之还原态NADP(nicotiamideadeninedinucleotidephosphate)菸硷醯胺腺嘌呤；核酸磷酸NAG(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase)N-乙醯胺基葡萄糖甘naphthalene荼naphthol荼酚narcotic麻醉药natriuresis尿钠排泄natriuretic尿钠排泄药nebulization雾化；使成雾状necrosis(mortification)坏死；坏疽neomycin新霉素neonataljaundice新生儿黄疸neonate新生儿neoplasia细胞增生；肿瘤形成nephelometer散射比浊计nephelometry散射比浊法nephron肾元nephropathy肾病nephroticsyndrome肾症候群netiemicin立克菌星neuraltubedefect神经管缺陷neuraminidase唾液酸neuropathy神经变性病neurotransmitter神经递质neutralfat中性脂肪neutrallipid中性脂neutralization中和作用neutronnumber中子数neutrophil嗜中性白血球niacin菸酸niacinamide菸醯胺nickel(Ni)镍nicotinamide菸醯胺nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide(NAD)菸醯胺腺嘌呤二核酸；辅Inicotinamideadeninedinucleotidephosphate(NADP)菸硷醯胺腺嘌呤二核酸磷酸；；辅IInicotinamideadeninedinucleotidephosphate,reduced(NADPH)菸醯胺腺嘌呤二核酸磷酸之还原态nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide,reduced(NADH)菸醯胺腺嘌呤二核酸之还原态nicotine菸硷nicotinicacid(niacin)菸硷酸nightblindness夜盲ninhydrin三酮；水和节三酮nitrate硝酸nitricacid硝酸nitricoxide一氧化氮nitrites亚硝酸盐nitrogen氮nitrophenol,ρ-(PNP)对硝基酚nitroprusside硝基氢氰酸盐nonesterifiedfattyacid(NEFA)非酯化脂肪酸noninsulindependentdiabetesmellitus(NIDDM)非胰岛素依靠性糖尿病nonproteinnitrogen(NPN)非蛋白氮norepinephrine(NOR)正肾上腺素normotensive血压正常的northernblot北方转渍法nuclearmagneticresonance(NMR)核磁共振nuclearmagneticresonancespectrometer核磁共振谱计nuclease核酸nucleicacidprobe核酸探针nucleohistone核组蛋白nucleoplasm核质nucleoprotein核蛋白nucleoside核nucleosome核小体nucleotidase,5'-(5'-NT；NTP)核酸,5'-nucleotide核酸nucleotidecyclase核酸环化numberoftheoreticalplate理论板数值nutrient营养物nutrition营养nystatin制霉菌素常用临床生化名词辞汇

(O)oatcell燕发细胞obstructivejaundice阻塞性黄疸occultbloodinstool粪便潜血okazakifragment冈崎氏片段oleicacid油酸oncofetalantigen肿瘤胎抗原oncogene致癌基因oncogenesis肿瘤生成oncology肿瘤学operon操纵因子opiates鸦片opsonin调理素opticaldensity(OD)光密度oralcontraceptive口服避孕药organophosphate有机磷ornithine鸟胺酸ornithineaminotransferase鸟胺酸转胺ornithinedecarboxylase鸟胺酸脱羧oroticacid乳清酸osmolality重量莫耳渗透浓度osmolarity体积莫耳渗透浓度osmole(Osm)克分子渗透压osmometer渗透压计osmometry渗透压测定法osmosis渗透osmoticfragility渗透脆性osmoticpressure渗透压ossification骨化osteoblast骨母细胞；造骨细胞osteocalcin骨原蛋白osteoclast破骨细胞；蚀骨细胞osteoporosis骨质疏松(症)ouabain乌本(箭毒)ovariancancer卵巢癌ovary卵巢ovulation排卵oxalate草酸盐oxalicacid乙二酸；草酸oxaloaceticacid草醯乙酸oxidant氧化剂oxidase氧化oxide氧化物oxidizer氧化剂oxidoreductase氧化还原oximeter氧压计oxoglutaricacid,2-氧戊二酸；酮戊二酸oxybiotin氧合生物素oxygen氧oxygen-hemoglobindissociation氧气-血红蛋白解离oxygenase加氧oxygenation加氧作用oxyhemoglobin(HbO2)氧合血红素oxynticcell泌酸细胞oxytocin催产素ozone臭氧常用临床生化名词辞汇

(P)p-nitrophenyl对硝基苯Paget'sdisease变形性骨炎palmitate十六烷酸盐；棕榈酸盐palmiticacid十六烷酸；棕榈酸palpitation心悸pancreas胰；胰腺pancreaticfunction胰功能pancreatitis胰腺炎pancreozymin胰催素；促胰素pantothenicacid泛酸PAP前列腺酸性磷酸papain木瓜paperchromatography滤纸层析法para-a