跨文化交际Unit2课件

WhatisCultureOriginofthewordculture

(文化）TheEnglishwordcultureoriginatesfromtheLatincultura,withitsmeaning“tocultivate”.

文化：经由文字、文学、礼乐、制度、律法等对人类的教化与培养第一页第二页，共22页。WhatisCultureDefinitionsofcultureIn1952,AlfredKroeberandClydeKluckhohncompiledalistofmorethan164definitionsof“culture”inCulture:ACriticalReviewofConceptsandDefinitions.第二页第三页，共22页。WhatisCultureCultureislike……thementalprogramming,“softwareofthemind”,Windows,IOSthewaterfishswimintheonionwithdifferentlayersofdepth,rangingfrominnercoretothesurfacetheiceberg第三页第四页，共22页。Theonionmodel第四页第五页，共22页。Theicebergmodel第五页第六页，共22页。WhatisCultureMaterial

componentsofaculture:tangibleobjectsandphysicalsubstancesthathavebeenalteredbyhumanintervention(e.g.architecture,icons,personalpossessions)第六页第七页，共22页。Material

componentsofculture:

reflectionsofaculture’svalue第七页第八页，共22页。WhatisCultureNonmaterialaspectsofaculture:Beliefs:conceptionsofwhatistrue,factual,orvalid;rootedinfaith,experience,orscienceValues:sharedviewsofwhatisgood,right,worthwhile,orimportantNorms:informalrulesthatguidehowmembersofacultureact,aswellashowtheythinkandfeelLanguage:shapinghowwethinkabouttheworld第八页第九页，共22页。WhatisCultureCulturecanbedefinedas“ahistoricallytransmittedsystemofsymbols,meanings,andnorms”.(Collier&Thomas,1988)第九页第十页，共22页。WhatisCultureCulturecanbedefinedasthecoherent,learned,sharedviewsofagroupofpeopleaboutlife’sconcernsthatrankswhatisimportant,furnishesattitudesaboutwhatthingsareappropriate,anddictatesbehavior.(I.Varner&LindaBeamer,2008)第十页第十一页，共22页。CharacteristicsofcultureCultureiscoherentCultureislearnedCultureissharedCultureisdynamic：Cultureevolvesandchangesovertime第十一页第十二页，共22页。CharacteristicsofcultureCultureisdynamic：CultureevolvesandchangesovertimeInnovation:newpractices,tools,orconceptsDiffusion:theborrowingbyoneculturefromanotherCulturalcalamity:adversitysuchaswarornaturaldisastersthatbringaboutchangeCommunicationimpelssignificantchangesinculturallife第十二页第十三页，共22页。AcultureasaparticularwaytosatisfyhumanneedsFivebasicneedsofhumanbeingsThephysiologicalneedsThesafetyneedsThebelongingnessneedsTheesteemneedsTheself-actualizationneeds第十三页第十四页，共22页。WhatisCommunicationOrigin:Latinword“commonis”(meaningcommon)TranslationinChinese:

交际（fromthelinguistic

perspective）

沟通（fromthepsychological

perspective）

传播

（inmassmedia)Communicationandculture:CultureisreflectedinCommunicationpracticesCommunicationpracticesshapeculturallife“Communicationisculture”第十四页第十五页，共22页。ElementsofCommunicationContextPhysicalsettingHistoricalPsychologicalCulture&subcultures第十五页第十六页，共22页。ElementsofCommunicationParticipants:senderandreceiverVariables:relationship,gender,cultureMessagesMeaningsSymbolsEncodingDecoding第十六页第十七页，共22页。ElementsofCommunicationChannels:routesandmeansoftransportationSound(verbalsymbols)Sight(nonverbalcues)Themorechannelsusedtocarryamessage,themorelikelythecommunicationwillsucceed.第十七页第十八页，共22页。ElementsofCommunicationNoiseExternalNoiseInternalNoiseSemanticNoiseNoisecanfunctionasacommunicationbarrier.FeedbackFeedback,verbalornonverbal,allowsustobehaveinwaysthatincreaseourunderstandingofourmessages第十八页第十九页，共22页。AmodelofCommunication第十九页第二十页，共22页。CharacteristicsofCommunicationCommunicationisadynami