杨子之星项目建议书

YANGTZESTARProject

Proposal杨子之星

项目建议书2006年2月ALSOP

Design

LtdCRedUniversityofEastAnglia

DavisLangdonDSSRA

WORLD

LANDMARK一个世界标志TheestablishmentofDongtanEcoCity,anew,sustainablecityon

Chongming

Island,

presents

a

unique

opportunity

for

Shanghai

to

lead

bothChinaandtheWorld

inlow

carboninnovationandpractice.在党和政府对崇明岛开发政策方针的指导和影响下，创建一座可持续发展的全新生态城市成为了崇明岛东滩发展的方向和标尺，同时它的建成也将为上海引领全中国乃至全世界低碳创新研究和实践提供了独特机遇。OneoftheprimarycomponentsofEconomicgrowthisEnergysupply.Even

more

important

forour

collective

future

is

a

clean

energysupply.

The

Yangtze

STAR

(Sustainable

Technologies

And

Renewables)

concept

is

designed

to

sustainably

supply

the

energy

needs

of

Dongtan

Eco

City.Combiningthebestofexistingtechnologiesinthisarea,anumberof

innovativeresearchfacilitiesforthefuture,andexemplarawareness-raisingandeducation,theSTARisanidealiconforDongtanandthe

WorldLandmark

for

low

carboninnovation.经济增长的一个主要因素便是能源供应。可再生能源的供应将成为未来的主要能源资源。“长江之星”（东滩可再生能源发电中心）的建设就是为了向东滩生态城市提供所需之可再生能源。“东滩之星”项目下涵盖了可持续发展和开再生能源方面的最先进应用技术、多样化未来创新技术研究设施和大众可持续发展感知和示范教育等综合功能。它在东滩属地的落户将使其成为低碳创新研究实践的世界标志和里程碑。“东滩之星”项目下涵盖了可持续发展和开再生能源方面的最先进应用技术、多样化未来创新技术研究设施和大众可持续发展感知和示范教育等综合功能。它在东滩属地的落户将使其成为低碳创新研究实践的世界标志和里程碑。This

is

of

crucial

importance

since

the

biggest

factor

in

climate

change

is

increasing

levels

of

carbon

dioxide

in

the

atmosphere

resulting

from

ouruseoffossilfuels.Toavoidthemostdangerousconsequencesof

climatechange,itisnecessarytosharplyreduceemissionsofcarbon

dioxide.由于人类对化石燃料的大量使用所导致的大气中二氧化碳含量的大幅度增加，成为了目前气候变化的最主要因素。因此我们需要尽可能地避免这一最重要的气候危害因素的出现，而这也就使得急剧减少二氧化碳量的排放成为了重中之重。The

Yangtze

STAR

signals

the

birth

of

an

exciting

new

era

in

Energy

Generation“东滩之星”展示了一个全新的能源生产时代的诞生.1THE

POSITION

OF

THE

DONGTAN

STAR

INTHEWORLD东滩”东滩之星”的世界地位The

Star

will

becomethe

WorldCentre

for

low

carbon

awareness,

practice,training

and

research,and

a

major

internationalvenue

forconferencesonsustainability.AsauniqueVisitorCentreandEnergyThemePark,itwillbeallthemoreimpressiveforbeingattheheartofanactiveliving

community,pursuingalowercarbonfuture.Dongtan

Citymustnotbecomea‘laboratory’inwhichitsinhabitantsare

seen

as

subjects

of

observation

and

analysis,

but

appropriate

monitoringand

measurement

integrated

into

the

City’s

infrastructure

will

allow

them

to

best

optimise

the

sustainability

of

their

living,

and

will

enable

analysts

to

optimise

management

and

performance,

and

developand teach

best

practice

for

succeeding

communities.

Itis

anticipated

that

the

Star

will

be

a

prime

motivation

forcollaborative

research

and

training

between

Chinese

and

British

researchandeducational

establishments.“东滩之星”将成为汇集了低碳认知、实践、培训教育和研究，以及与可持续性发展相关的国际会议场所的世界焦点。而它作为以低碳消耗为目标的生活社区中心则令其具备了更为鲜活的实际意义。东滩生态之城不应仅仅是一座“实验室”，这里的居住生活将被作为可持续性发展的观测和分析对象，同时它还将作为一个合适的监测和测量的手段应用到东滩城市基础设施规划建设中，从而最优化东滩生活的可持续性，使得分析研究者能够不断优化监测和管理手段，为社区的成功建设开发并传授最优秀的实践经验。The

Star

will

notonly

bean

opportunity

to

embed

sustainabilityintoExpo2010inahighly-visibleway,buttopronouncesustainableprosperityasanambitionforChinaand

Shanghai

in

the

coming

decades.

It

will

also

be

a

symbol

of,andvehiclefor,continuingscientific,technologicaland

cultural

cooperationbetweenChinaand

theUK.“东滩之星”不仅将在视觉上将为2010年上海世博会添上一抹极具“可持续性”代表特色的浓重色彩，同时也在倡导和表达着中国政府对上海及其他城市未来十年可持续性发展的展望。它将成为中国与英国两国政府间先进科学技术与社会文化合作交流的典范和重要载体。THEYANGTZE

STAR

杨子之星RIVER

OF

ENERGYCARRYINGSEEDSOF

THE

FUTURE

生命之河CONCEPT

设计概念The

Yangtze

STAR

is

inspired

by

the

meandering

journey

of

thisgreatriver,reflectingthestoryofChina’sHistory,Cultureand

Industry.

A

central

‘River

of

Energy’

flows

through

the

site,

hometo

the

Visitor

Attraction

Islands

and

Greenhouse

of

the

Future.

Seeds

dispersed

by

this

‘River’

become

the

Energy

Generators,feedingtheneeds

ofthenewEcoCity.“东滩之星”就像一条“能源之河”流经整个场地，生态走廊和散布其中的一个个生态小岛（能源展示场所、游客交流平台等）。长江生态文化于此播下生命的种子将经由这条“能源之河”滋养和传播，而在未来生长出一个个可再生能源发电站，以供东滩生态城市发展的需要。THE

RIVER

OF

ENERGYTheRiverYangtzeflowsfromit’ssourceintheheartlandsofChinatoits

destination,

Chongming

Island,

at

the

edge

of

the

South

China

Sea.

ThisendlessstreamofflowingenergyispartofPlanetEarth’slife-blood,

anunbrokenchaininthecycleof

nature.长江，这条孕育了中华五千年古老文明的伟大河流，它在见证了历史的兴衰和文明的进程的同时，也在生生不息地述说着今日，展望着未来。东滩，上海东端的生态之城，长江之水融入东海的地方。长江水岸文化孕育了东滩的文明，成就了东滩作为可持续性发展生态城市的世界重要地位。“长江之星“能源中心项目正是受到这一概念的启发，希望通过我们的设计和理念在东滩续写“长江生态文化”的全新篇章，

用东滩特有的可持续发展生命观向全世界展示并实践着能源生态足迹的现在和未来。-卡皿零"

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,删r IЪЪЪЪ-INTEGRATED

CONNECTIONSWITHTHE

ENVIRONMENT与环境息息相关The

Yangtze

STAR

isdesignedtoreducenegative

impacts

onthe

Environment,

andenhancethehealthandcomfortofresidentsand

visitorstoDongtan.Our

basicobjectivesaretoreduceconsumption

ofnon-renewable

resources,minimizewaste,and

createahealthy,

productiveenvironments.The

STAR

is

aholistic

responseto

our

surroundings,acleanbuilding

supplyingcleanenergy.“东滩之星”的设计初始是希望通过利用可再生能源，从而达到二氧化碳排放对环境的影响，而最终改善人们的居住环境，增强人类的身体健康。我们的基本目标就是减少非可再生能源的消耗、尽可能的减少废物排放、创建一个健康和谐、丰富多彩的世界环境。“东滩之星“的生长真实地反映了我们所处的环境：一个利用可再生能源支持发展的可持续性建筑CONNECTIONS

项目关联INTEGRATED

CONNECTIONS

WITH

DONGTAN

CITY与东滩生态城区发展的一体性TheYangtze

STARwillbetheheartbeatofDongtanCity,

connected

to

the

community

both

through

the

direct

provisionof

Electricity

and

Heating/Cooling

and

through

the

collection,

analysis,

visualisationand

operationalisation

of

energy

managementinformation(e.g.theenergyperformanceof

schoolsandotherbuildingsintheCity).Thisconnectionwill

beofmajorbenefitforawareness-raisingandeducation,as

well

as

optimising

energy

efficiency;

it

is,

thus,

important

that

thesensingandcommunicationinfrastructureisdesigned-

andbuilt-inin

appropriate

buildings

andsub-sectors.上海之星将成为东滩生态城市的心脏，它通过遍布的供电网络、供热供冷系统和能源管理信息收集、分析、实践系统（如城市内学校和住宅的能源利用现状）与城市社区致密相连。而这一实际存在的关联将为于此创建能源认知教育设施和系统，同时优化能源效能提供了极大的便利。因而，为建筑与相关开发环节设计配备灵活机动的基础设施系统成为了关键。■SITE

INTEGRATION

场地一体性Solar

Research

Centre

光能研究RestsaboveVistor

Centre

置于访客中心之上BioMassGenerator

生物能能源发生器Plugs

intoArtificial

‘Hill’

嵌于实际的山坡地形之上Municipal

WasteGenerator市政废物能能源源发生器Rests

at

base

of

‘Hill’

置于山坡地形之下BioGas

Generator

生物沼气能能源发电Plugs

into

‘Hill’

嵌入山形之上5 Visitor

Centre

访客中心‘EnergyRiver’ConnectsallelementsthroughanEco-Corridor,theGreen

house

of

the

Future

“能源之河”通过一条“生态走廊”即未来的温室将场地内所有的元素相连1234512345The

Yangtze

STAR

project

consists

of:-“东滩之星”项目的组成部分GenerationofPower,HeatingandCooling,utilisinga

number

ofdifferentclean

energysources发电、制冷制热以及对各类能源资源的充分利用；VisitorcentreandEnergyThemepark,including

InteractiveandEntertainmentcomponents

forschools

and

tourists,and

specialist

facilities

for

national

and

internationalconferences游客中心、交互式访客及校际交流的娱乐和教育中心以及为国内外大型际会议提供的会议设施等；Greenhouse

forthe

future,

a

walk-throughliving

exhibit

containing

Hydroponic,

Aeroponic

and

conventional

gardensused

in

the

research

for

Bio-Fuel

and

micro-habitatstudies生态走廊；ResearchandDevelopmentfacilitiesinEnergy,Low-

Carbon

Innovationand

Water

Research.能源科学、低碳创新及水处理技术研究开发设施；Future

BusinessCentre

and

Incubators未来世界一流的国际会议中心；Headquarters

and offices

for Environmental andEnvironmentalmanagement

organisations环保产业及国际环保组织的公司总部和办公中心；Educational

facilities教育产业设施；The

Yangtze

STAR

will

be

fully

integrated

with

Dongtan

City,

with

the

excess

heat

used

for

heating/cooling

of

Houses,

Offices,Businesses,

and

for

Leisure“东滩之星”将完全服务于东滩生态之城，其多余产出的热能将被用于对住宅、办公、商业娱乐设施等的集中供热供冷。ENERGY

GENERATION发电WhattheSTARoffersisavisuallystunningcampus-parkwith,atits

heart,anenergystationabletouseamultiplicityoffuelsincluding

waste

or

grown

biomass,and

waste

streams

from

Dongtan

City

togetherwithwind-powerandsolarenergy.Theenergystationwillbedesignedinafuture-proofedcontext,within-builtflexibilitytoexploit

developmentsinenergytechnology.“东滩之星”在展现了其夺人耳目的多生态物理形状的同时，在核心功能上它作为一个发电站项目综合利用东滩生态城市内一切可利用燃料资源：如废物、废水、生物资源、水、风、太阳能等这座能源发电站将被设计成一个极具技术及功能前瞻性，同时在实际建设开发过程中，能够灵活顺应能源技术的快速发展需要随时进行调整与更新。Leading

edgetechnologyusing

the

followinggenerationtechniquesThe

latest

gasification

technology

is

planned

for

the

Biomass

elements运用下列当代科技的前沿技术为生物能源设计的最新气化技术LargeScaleWind

UrbanWind

Photovoltaic

Cells

MSW

CHPDigestionBiogasCHPRiceResidueCHP

CultivatedBiomasCHP

Cultivated

Biomas

Boiler大规模风能都市风能

光电池城市垃圾处理热电联产(CHP)厌氧消化沼气CHP稻米处理残余CHP农业生物能CHP

农业生物能锅炉VISITOR

ANDENTERTAINMENT

FACILITIES访客和娱乐设施WiththeupcomingExpotheSTARcanexpectverylargenumbersof

visitors.

Facilities

will

be

provided

to

cater

not

only

for

them

but

for

long

afterExpohasfinished.Thefacilitieswillincludedemonstrationand

entertainment

functions

including,

energy-awarenessrides,

games

andotheractivities.上海2010年世博会的这一重大盛事将为”东滩之星”带来大量的访客资源。因此，我们需要为来此参观游玩的访客提供相关的配套服务设施，同时响应政府对世博会后续利用的号召，于此创建更多的后续利用设施。此类设施的主要功能包括了展示、以及与能源生态相关的认知教育、过程体验、嬉戏等活动。CONTENTS内容RESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTFACILITIES研究和开发设施It

is

essential

that

the

STAR

looks

not

only

to

the

present

but

to

the

future.

For

this

reason

research

facilities

will

be

provided

for

developing

technologies,

research

intobiofuels,

Tidal

power

and

Hydrogenfacilities.Theywouldalsolookatlowcarboninnovation.

GiventheimportanceofthewaterenvironmentandwatersupplyinDongtan,

a

centre

for

research

into

water

quality

and

the

management

of

thewater

environment

would

beincluded.“东滩之星”项目不仅着眼于当下更寄希望于未来。这里的研究设施所创造产出的是不断发展的生物燃料方面的新技术和研究成果和氢化设施，以及低碳创新技术的发展。考虑到东滩水环境和水供应的重要性，一个水质改善和研究的中心及管理系统将被涵盖于其中。FUTURE

BUSINESSCENTRE:ECO-INCUBATORS未来的商务中心This

will

consist

of

business

units,

designed

to

incubate

environmentallysoundcompanies,processesandproducts.这一项目的商务功能单元将被设计成为孵化环境能源企业的研发、制造和生产的场所。OFFICES

FOR

ENVIRONMENTAL

BODIES环境保护机构的办公场所Environmental

bodies

based

in

the

STAR

campus-park

wouldemphasise

the

story

which

the

STAR

is

telling

about

our

use

of

energy,theresultingclimatestress,

and

theneed

to

mitigate

predictedfuture

impact.以”东滩之星”这个综合项目为载体设立的环境管理和保护机构将更加强调了项目旨在通过对能源的利用达到改善环境气候，缓解气候变化对未来影响的设计初衷。EDUCATIONAL

FACILITIES教育功能设施Educationalists(atalllevels)inChinahavebeenconsulted,and

all

agree

that

the

STAR

will

be

a

major

educational

facility,

and

a

major

opportunity

to

develop

and

strengthen

links

between

UKandChinese

schools,collegesanduniversities

in

researchand

developmentas

wellas

ineducation.

CollaborationhasbeenagreedbetweenUniversityofEast

Anglia

and

universities

in

Shanghai,

and

with

the

University

ofCambridge.Alowcarboneducationcentrewilladdressall

aspectsofenergyuseandenvironmentalchange,andwill

includeaccesstoreal-timeinformationonenergyflowsand

usewithintheDongtancommunity.我们曾与来自于中国各个领域的教育工作者进行过沟通和交流，就上海之星应承担起一个主要的教育功能设施达成了共识，同时也认识到它将会增进中英两国学校、大学院间合作交流。在这个低碳教育中心内将从各个方面展示和强调能源利用和环境变化的过程和影响，这当然包括了东滩城市社区内实际能源消耗和利用的教育展示。DONGTAN

ENERGY

NEEDS东滩能源需求Following

analysis

of

the

projected

energy

needs

of

the

DongtanEcoDemonstrator,theteamisconfidentthatthe

YangtzeSTAR

schemeasshowninthisreportcansupport

theneedsofapopulationofupto32,530peopleintheyear

2010,

basedon

ArupsEnergyUsetarget

figures.根据对东滩生态示范区所作的专项能源需求分析，我们的团队坚信报告中展示的“杨子之星”方案是能够支持在2010年人口达到32,530人时的城市能源需求。（基于arup提供的能源利用目标数据）The

Fuel

requirements

in

terms

of

land

area

for

crop

growth

to

fuel

the

generators

would

be

approximately

16,295

Hectares.

90%

ofthiswouldberice-husk.生物能燃料所需的生长农作物面积需求约为16,295公顷，其中90%为稻谷的残余物。The

chapter

‘ENERGY

ANALYSIS’

in

this

report

clarifies

the

assumptions

made.报告中的“能源分析”章节说明了这些假设的数值。SECTIONDIAGRAMS

剖面图分析Visitor

Center访客中心BioMass

Generator生物能能源发生器Biomass

FuelStorageshengwusshen

sshangwunSolar

Research

Facility光能研究场所Visitor

Centre访客中心Municipal

Waste

Storage

市政废物燃料储存室Municipal

Waste

Generator市政废物能源发生器BioGas

Fuel

StorageBioGas

GeneratorVisitor

CentrePLAN总平面图Flood

Wall防汛墙ENERGY

OUTPUT

2010WIND

TURBINES风涡轮机组BIOMASS

GENERATOR生物能能源发生器7B,I0O0M0mAS2

S

STORAGE生物能燃料储存8,000m24,000m2SOLAR

PHOTOVOLTAIC16,000m2伏电太阳能++++4,13933,971MUNICIPALWASTE

GENERATOR市政废物能源发生器10,831MUNICIPAL

WASTE

STORAGE市政废物储存室BIOGAS

GENERATOR10,831生物沼气能源发生器BIOGAS

STORAGE生物沼气储存室8,000m236,11359,663HEATING

&

COOLING发热/制冷量ELECTRICITY发电量=81,325

MWh/Y74,223

MWh/YMWh/Year千瓦时/年INPUT入场OUTPUT=VISITOR

ROUTE

参观路径1 Parking停车场-

Landscaped

Parking

Zones景观态停车区域River

of

Life生命之河Visitor

Centre

Experience:访客中心的特殊体验EcologicalCorridor生态走廊Educational

Energy

islands能源教育展示小岛Entertainment

rides趣味之旅Greenhouse

of

the

Future生态走廊Explore

the

Generators能源发生器的探索Refreshments餐饮休闲Journey

to

the

City城市之旅Solar

Ferries

to

the

Eco

Demonstrator由光能驱动轮渡乘载的生态城市之旅VISITOR

ISLANDS

参观驿站TheSTAR

Experience

=Entertainment+

Education体验“长江之星”-寓教于乐THE

RIVER

of

ENERGYAmongstthe

Greenhouseofthe

FutureThetimeless

ebb

and

flow

of

the

river

Yangtze

has

inspireda

journeythroughtheSTAR.UnderneathaBamboo&ETFEcanopy,

theVisitorsCentreandEnergyThemeParkbecomehometoan

entertaining

Explanation

of

the

Past,

Exploration

of

the

Present

and

an

InsightintoourFuture.Thedifferent

chapters

in

the

story

of

climate

change,

our

use

ofEnergy,andthewaythetwoarerelatedwillbelinkedbythe

geographyoftheYangtzeRiver.

TheRiverrisesinmountainsat

5,400m,andsoitspassagedowntotheseaembracesanumber

ofdifferent‘weatherzones’whichcanbeusedtohighlighthowthe

Earth’sclimateis,andwill,change.Theimpactofclimatechange

onthepartsofChinathroughwhichtheRiverflowswillalsobe

featured.生生不息的长江之水述说着这个伟大的故事，由可再生竹质结构支撑着的ETFE高科技生态薄膜包覆下向于此参观访问的人们交互述说和探讨着一个个生动而现实的关于过去、现在和未来的故事…The

Big

PictureEnergy

Cycles.Demand

and

Supply,

Global

ClimateModeling,

Natural&Humanimpacts.TheExhibitwillfeatureChineseand

Internationalcontributionstotheseunderstandings.Physicaland

interactivemodelswillbe

designed.宇宙的图像能源形成和循环的过程、能源需求和供应的方式、全球气候模型、自然与人类间相生相息的关系EcologicalCorridor

生态走廊EcologicalIslands生态岛Earth

Storya.

Weatherrecords:Empiricalevidence&visible

signs我们的地球a.

记载历史的天气变化记录历史证据再现

-

写实未来征兆b.Plant&Animalhabitatchanges:Migrationroutes×changing,

Harvestschanging,Treeringsasindicators.GrowingFood&Fuelon

Dongtanb.

气候变化对动植物居住环境和习性的影响动物迁移路径和时间的变化、种植物成熟季节的变化、树木的年轮的诉说c.

History:

The

story

of

previous

climate

change

and

Carbon-forming

as

told

by

Global

and

Chinese

Geology,

Fossils,

Trees,

Dinosaur

extinction

etc.c.

历史的重演恐龙的绝迹、化石的分析和对未来的预示Examining

the

Past

&

Predicting

the

FutureChina

2050,Asia

2050,Global

2050&

Living

withthe

ConsequencesWhatthelandscapesofthefuturemightlook

like.鉴古知今2050年的亚洲，2050年的世界，看看我们在过去和当下都作了些什么？它们的后果怎样的？New

TechnologiesRenewables:

End

of

the

Oil

Age?

Clean

coal

technologies.

Hydroelectric,

Tidal,

Geothermal

etc.

How

nuclear

fits

in.

Removing

and

storing

carbon.

Reducing

demand

for

energy.

beyond

Dongtan.

Alternative

technological

solutions.

Geo-

engineeringfixes;shieldinspace,fertilizingtheoceans,etc.

新科技应用可再生科技: 终结石油时代？氢气能、太阳能、水电气能、潮汐能、地热能源采集和利用的科技发展Dongtan:

Contribution

to

the

SolutionDongtan

and

its

role

in

the

‘Bigger

Picture’,

culturally,

socially

and

economically在东滩寻找答案东滩为世界描画着未来的图像The

Energy

StoryIce

StoryPolar

meltdown?

Evidence,

Flora

&

Fauna,

Penguins

on

the

move,Air

StoryDetection

&

Monitoring:

Earth's

energy

direct

from

our

nearest

star.

Evidence

that

the

atmosphere

is

heating

up.

Terra

satellite

investigates,CERES

sensor遥望苍穹监测和检测：地球的能源来自于离我们最近的星球，这里的空气温度正在不断地升高吗？地球发射卫星的调查研究结果，卫星遥感定位监控Ocean

StorySea

Level

Changes:

70%

of

Earth’s

surface,

rising

sea

levels,

Ocean

current

changes,

acidifying

theoceans,Energy

contentof

the

Yangtze=

10%

of

China’sneeds.

ThreeGorges

Dam

-

15Nuclear

power

stations,River

Transport海洋之舞海平面的变化：占据着地球70%的表面，不断上升的海平面，海潮洋流的变化及影响to Antarcticconsequences. Highlighting Chinese contributionsScience.

Icein

the

mountains(especially

in

China)冰雪无界地球两极冰雪的不断融化：事实变化、栖居动物的迁移和生活习性的改变，以及可能预见的后果VISITOR

CENTRE

INTERIOR访客中心的内部THEGREENHOUSEOF

THEFUTURE未来的温室Therelationshipbetweenthewayweuseenergyandourlivingand

workingenvironmentwillbeshownbytheGreenhouseoftheFuture.This

will

give

an

exciting

insight

into

the

“what

if”

future

combined

with

a

seriousscientific

purpose.

Thesewillincluderesearchinto:-人类对能源的利用与其实际生活工作环境间的关系将通过这一未来的温室进行展示说明。我将于此本着严谨认真地科学观，揭示这一主题下令人兴奋无比未来的“可能”。这些研究将包含以下的方面：Futureagricultural

and

horticultural

management

practices未来的农业和园艺产业管理实践；Plants

needed

in

the

future

-

e.g.

those

with

increased

energy

yields

orthosewhichcansubstitute

forfossilfuels未来的种植物

–

那些在将来可被用于代替化石燃料可生长性能源资源；The

interactionbetweenplants,birdsandinsects

in

thefuture生物植物、鸟兽昆虫的未来生态乐园；It

willalso

have

a

social

dimension,

encouraging

widespread

participationinmaking

decisionsaboutour

future.它还包括了将在未来催生更广阔范围的研究和实践的社会意义层面内容。FORM

&

STRUCTUREEDUCATIONAL

EXHIBITSCONFERENCE

ROOMSINTERACTIVE

EXHIBITS

&

GAMES成功手册贵抖搜索网2.C3722资料搜索网最大的管往贵抖下栽网提升企业管理能力个人进修充电VISITOREXPERIENCE 访客体验THEGREENHOUSEOFTHEFUTURE

生态走廊VISITOR

EXPERIENCE

访客体验EXTERNAL

VIEW

外景INTERNAL

VIEW

内景TECHNOLOGY:Precedents

&Proposed

核心技术：既有的及建议使用的BIOMASS–

GasExtractionCombined

CycleBiomass

has

been

utilised

for

many

years

in

combined

heat

and

power

schemes,generallythroughdirectcombustionbytraditionalboilers,

withpower

developed

by

steamturbines.Gas

extraction

technologies

offer

better

conversion

efficiencies,

as

the

fuelgascreatedcanbedirectlycombustedinagasturbineorengine.

Withagasturbinethereispotentialforgreaterefficienciesifthe

systemiscombinedwithasteamturbinethatutilisesthegasturbine

exhaustproducts.Therearemanygasextractiontechnologies,andallhavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages,andalsotheyallproducedifferent

types

ofgas.There

arehowever3

maingroups.Airblownprocessesproducinglowenergy

fuel(3.5-7MJ/m3)Oxygen

blown

processes

(7-15MJ/m3)Heat

transforming

processes

producing

medium

energy

fuel

(15-25MJ/m3)生物质能整体生成及循环的联生物质能已经在热电综合项目中运用了很多年，通过传统的锅炉直接燃烧并由蒸汽涡轮机进行发电。气体的生成技术提供了更加高效的能量转化，因为生成的燃气能直接在燃气机中燃烧。如果系统使用蒸汽轮机，燃气机排出的热量能被其使用，这两者联合使用则效率可以极大提高。有许多的气体生产技术，它们都具有自己的优势和缺点，并且可生产不同种的气体。在此介绍3种主要技术：产生低能量燃料的空气鼓吹工艺

(3.5-7MJ/m3)

氧气鼓吹工艺(7-15MJ/m3)产生中等能量燃料的热转化工艺ProcessBiomassofvarioustypesisprocessed,driedandthenfedintothe

patentedgasextractor.Thegasextractor,developedbyFutureEnergy

Resources

Corporationuses

a

pressurised

air-free

processthat

producesamediumenergysyntheticgas(approx.16.7-18.6MJ/m3)

that,

once

cooled

and

scrubbed,

canbe

fed

directlyinto

agas

turbine工艺各种生物质能经加工、干燥，然后进入一个专门的气体发生器中，这种气体发生器由Future

Energy

Resources

Corporation公司研制生产，使用无空气增压工艺产生具有中等能量的综合气体（大约16.7-18.

6MJ/m3),

然后经冷却和净化后，就能直接进入燃气机。Figure

2.0

–

Diagram

ofFERCOsynthetic

gas

process图2.0-

EFRCO综合气体生成工艺流程The

exhaust

gas

temperature

from

the

turbine

is

around

560oC,

whichcanthenbefedintoawasteheatboiler.Thisgenerateshigh

qualitysteamthatcanthenbefedintoasteamturbinetogenerate

further

electricity,

giving

an

overall

cycle

efficiency

of

over

38%.

Heat

is

reclaimed

fromthesteam

exitingthe

turbineviaa

condenser.从燃气机中排放的气体温度是560oC，可进入一个废热锅炉，产生的蒸汽进入蒸汽涡轮机进一步发电，这可使得整个循环工艺的效率超过38%，从蒸汽机排出的蒸汽通过冷凝器再次进行热量回收。使用联合循环（燃气机和蒸汽机）可最大限度提高热效率，把热电转化率由8:1减少至1.5:1。在冬天，余热可用于给居民区供暖，在夏天，部分热量可用于居民的热水供应，剩余可用于制冷机为小区提供冷气，也可用于冷却进入燃气机的空气，把空气从约30oC冷却至15oC可提高燃气机效率约1%，提高输出功率10%，并提高排放气体温度,

可用废气加热锅炉，上海7、8月温度一般在31-32oC。Utilising

a

combined

cycle

(gas

and

steam

turbines)

maximisesthe

overall

thermal

efficiency,

and

reduces

the

heat

to

electricity

ratio

fromaround

8:1to

amore

useful1.5:1.Inwinterthereclaimedheatisuseddirectlytoserveadistrict

heatingscheme.Insummersomeoftheheatisstillrequired

toservedomestichotwaterrequirements,andtheremainder

is

used

to

serve

absorption

cooling

machines

that

will

serve

adistrictcoolingscheme,butwillalsocooltheairinlettothe

gas

turbines.

Cooling

the

air

from

approx

30oC

to

around

15oC

improvestheturbineefficiencybyaround1%,increasesthe

outputbyaround10%,andprovidesahighergasexhaust

temperature

for

use

inthe

wasteheat

boiler.

Ambient

temperaturesinShanghaireacharound31-32oCinJulyand

August.Theprimaryfuelstreamisintendedtobericehusk,with

specifically

cultivated

crops

to

supplement.

The

Arup

reported

figure

of

69.365MWh/annum

equates

tobetween

18,100

and19,800tonnesperannumofricehusk.Ricehuskhasa

density

of

just

over

1

tonne

per

m3.

If

it

is

assumed

that

rice

isharvestedoverashortperiodoftime,thenthismeansthat

theentirecropwouldneedtobeputintostorageformostof

the

year.This

storagearea(s)

could

be

locatedlocal

to

the

fields,wherebyahubstorewouldserveanumberoffields,and

would

then

lead

to

a

bulk

transfer

to

the

biomass

as

and

when

necessary.Alternativelyacentralricemillcouldundertakeallofthe

processing,

and

part

of

the

waste

heat

from

the

power

station

could

assistinthepaddydryingprocess.Thepreferredroutetothesitewouldbeviabargethroughthe

canalnetwork.初级能源一般是稻米壳，并加入特别加工的农作物。有报告显示每年有能产生Arup69.365MWh能量的稻米壳相当于每年18,100至19,800吨，其密度为每立方米1吨多一点。如果假设在水稻在一个较短时间内收割，这就意味着在一年大部分时间内所有所有农作物都应储存在仓库内。仓库区域可位于稻田附近，中心储存区可以服务于大量的农田，并可在需要的时候提供大量的能量原料。一个中央大米加工作坊可以进行所有这些工序，电站的部分废热可以用于稻谷的烘干工序。到工厂的最佳方式是通过河道用船运输。Figure2.1–Plant1,BiomassGasExtractionPlant–UK&Dongtan

proposedform图2.1-工厂1，生物质能气体生产厂-

英国&东滩建议形式Plant

Details

工厂详细参数Peak

Electrical

Output:–

4.9MW(2010)16MW

(2025)峰值电力输出：Dimensions:

大小尺寸:Buildings

–建筑面积:Overall

Site

–场地面积:–

7,000m2–

15,000m2–

Highest

part:

最高部分:

Gasextractor气体产生器-

approx

34m–

约34mFigure

2.2

–

Biomass

Plant

Layoutwith

dimensions图2.2-

生物质能生产厂示意图WASTEMANAGEMENT:

Municipal

Solid

Waste(MSW)The

Chinese

government

ismaking

concertedefforts

to

curb

air

pollutionthroughnationallegislaturesuchasits‘CleanerProduction’model

and

‘Law

on

the

Prevention

and

Control

of

Air

Pollution’.Althoughprimarilyaimedatthecoalburningindustries,itshouldbe

believedthatthiswillalsoapplytowasteburning,andthatlegislation

will

onlygetmorerestrictiveinthefuture.ItisintendedthereforetoutiliseaMunicipalSolidWaste(MSW)gas

extractionplant,asusedextensivelyinScandinaviaandGermany,as

air

pollution

from

traditional

incinerators

would

not

be

acceptable,

andthewastegastreatmentthatwouldberequiredwithtraditional

incineration

plantwouldbecomecostprohibitive.Also,

by

definition,

incineration

of

waste

does

not

count

as

a