名词变复数讲解及练习

名词变复数解说及练习1.名词名词能够分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一种抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表达某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2）集体名词：表达若干个个体构成的集合体，如：family。3）物质名词：表达无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4）抽象名词：表达动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词能够用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词普通无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。1.1名词复数的规则变化状况普通状况构成办法加-s以s,sh,ch,x等结尾加-es以ce,se,ze,等结尾加-s以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es读音清辅音后读/s/浊辅音和元音后读/z/读/iz/读/iz/读/z/例词map-mapsbag-bags/car-carsbus-buses/watch-watcheslicense-licensesbaby---babies1.2其它名词复数的规则变化1）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays2）以o结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s，如：photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos；b.加es，如：potato--potatoestomato--tomatoesc.上述a和b两种办法均可，如zero---zeros/zeroes。3）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加s，如：belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs；b.去f,fe加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves；c.上述a和b两种办法均可，如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。1.3名词复数的不规则变化1）child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women注意：由一种词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，li，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople，apolice，acattle，但能够说aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名词，表达国民总称时，作复数用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中国人民是勤快勇敢的。4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，普通是不可数名词，为单数。b.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations应视为单数。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如："TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。5）表达由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若体现具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。6）另外尚有某些名词，其复数形式有时可表达特别意思，如：goods货品，waters水域，fishes（多个）鱼。1.4不可数名词量的表达1）物质名词a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较：Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数）Thesecakesaresweet.这些蛋糕较好吃。（可数）b.当物质名词表达该物质的种类时，可数。例如：Thisfactoryproducessteel.（不可数）Weneedvarioussteels.（可数）c.当物质名词表达份数时，可数。例如：Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。2）抽象名词表达具体的事例时也可数。例如：fourfreedoms四大自由thefourmodernizations四个当代化物质名词和抽象名词能够借助单位词表一定的数量，如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice一则建议。5.定语名词的复数名词作定语普通用单数，但也有下列例外。1)用复数作定语。例如：sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系2）man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：menworkerswomenteachersgentlemenofficials3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保存。例如：goodstrain（货车）armsproduce武器生产customspapers海关文献clothesbrush衣刷4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词普通保存单数形式。例如：two-dozeneggs两打鸡蛋aten-milewalk十英里路two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan.一种五年计划1.6不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes1.7名词的格英语中有些名词能够加"'s"来表达全部关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的全部格，如：ateacher'sbook。名词全部格的规则以下：1）单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如theboy'sbag男孩的书包，men'sroom男厕所。2）若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加"'"，如：theworkers'struggle工人的斗争。3）凡不能加"'s"的名词，都能够用"名词+of+名词"的构造来表达全部关系，如：thetitleofthesong歌的名字。4）在表达店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词全部格的背面经常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：thebarber's剪发店。5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表达"分别有"；只有一种's，则表达'共有'。例如：John'sandMary'srooms（两间）JohnandMary'sroom（一间）6）复合名词或短语，'s加在最后一种词的词尾。例如：amonthortwo'sabsence1.8练习1.Hewaseagertomakesomeextramoney,sinceduringtheseyearshecouldhardlyliveonhis_______.a．littlewageb.fewwagec.waged.wages2.Mostofthehousesinthevillagewereburntto______duringthewar.a.anashb.theashc.ashd.ashes3.Thestudentsatcollegesoruniversitiesaremaking______forthecomingNewYear.a.manypreparationsb.muchpreparationc.preparationsd.preparation4.Paintingin_____isoneoftheirspare-timeactivities.a.oilb.anoilc.oilsd.theoil5.Intheviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn’t____oilhere.a.muchb.lotsofc.agreatdealofd.many6.Thelargehousesarebeingpainted,but______.a.ofgreatexpenseb.atagreatexpensec.inalotofexpensesd.byhighexpense7.Theroomwassmallandcontainedfartoo______.a.muchnewfurniturec.muchnewfurnituresb.manynewfurnitured.manynewfurnitures8.Jimwaslatefortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe______.a.roomsnumberb.roomnumberc.room’snumbersd.roomnumbers9.Computerscando______workinashorttime,butamancannotdo______byhimself.agreatmany…manyc.much…agreatdealb.agreatdealof…muchd.many…agreatmany10.Shedidn’tknow_____hehadbeengiven.a.howmanyinformationc.howmanyinformationsb.thenumberofinformationd.howmuchinformation11.Heinvitedallofhis______tojoinhisweddingparty.a.comrade-in-armsc.comrades-in-armb.comrades-in-armsd.comrade-in-arm12.Allthe______inthehospitalgotariselastmonth.a.womendoctorsc.womandoctorsb.womendoctord.womandoctor13.Aftertenyears,alltheseyoungstersbecame_____.a.growns-upsc.growns-upb.grown-upd.grown-ups14.Thepoliceinvestigatedthose_____abouttheaccident.a.stander-byc.standers-byb.stander-bysd.standers-bys15.TheNazikeptthose______intheirconcentrationcamp.a.prisoner-of-warsc.prisoners-of-warb.prisoners-of-warsd.prisoner-of-war16.Themanagerwasgreatlyappreciatethat_____madebyLindalately.a.newreelb.newsreelc.new-reelsd.newsreels17.Mary’sdressissimilarinappearancetoher______.a.eldersisterb.eldersister’sc.eldersistersd.eldersistersdress18.Allthepeopleattheconferenceare______.a.mathematicteachersc.mathematicsteacherb.mathematicsteachersd.mathematic’steachers19.ProfessorMackaytoldusthat______ofleadareitssoftnessanditsresistance.a.somepropertyc.propertiesb.somepropertiesd.property20.Physics_____withmatterandmotion.a.dealb.dealsc.dealingd.are21.Hehaswrittenseveralbooks,buthislastworks_____wellknownamonghisfriends.a.haveb.havebeenc.isd.are22.Afterhecheckedupmy______heart,thedoctoradvisedhimtorestforafewdays.a.father-in-law’sc.father’s-in-lawb.father-in-lawd.father’s-in-law’s23.Hetoldme_____wouldcometohisbirthdayparty.a.manyJackfriendsc.manyJack’sfriendb.Jack’smanyfriendsd.manyfriendsofJack’s24.Ihadmyhaircutatthe_____aroundthecorner.a.barberb.barbersc.barber’sd.barbers’25.Yesterdayeveningwehadalovelyeveningat______.a.PeterandHelen’sc.PeterandHelenb.PeterandHelensd.Peter’sandHelen’s26.______receivesonlyasmallportionofthetotalamountofthesun’senergy.a.Theearth’ssurfacec.Thesurfaceofearthb.Thesurfaceearthd.Theearthsurface27.Numerousmaterialsareavailableto______.a.todayofdesignersc.today’sofdesignersb.today’sdesignersd.todaydesigners28.WhydidyouspeaktoPeterthatway?Don’tyouknowheisanoldfriendof______?a.mybrotherb.mybrothersc.mybrother’sd.mybrother’sfriend29.______isawell-informedman.Hecantellyouanythingyouwanttoknow.a.ThisJohn’soldfriendc.That’sJahn’soldfriendb.ThisoldfriendofJohnd.ThisoldfriendofJohn’s30.______istoomuchforalittleboytocarry.a.Abike’sweightc.Theweightofabikeb.Theweightsofabiked.Bile’sweight31.Generallythereare______televisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday.a.littleb.muchc.alargenumberofd.alargeamountof32.Whentheygottothelecture-room,therewere______left.a.onlyfewseatsb.averyfewseatsc.onlyafewseatsd.soafewseats33.______travelsfasterwhenthezipcodeisindicatedontheenvelope.a.Alittlemailb.Apieceofmailc.Amaild.Asmallmail34.TheDepartmentpurchased______toimprovetheworkingconditionsthere.a.anewequipmentc.newequipmentsb.anewpieceofequipmentd.newpiecesofequipments35.Theboytriedhardbuttherehasbeen______inhiswork.a.littleimprovementc.manyimprovementsb.alittleimprovementd.fewimprovements36.Today’smodernTVcamerasrequire______lightascomparedwiththeearliermodels.a.onlyafewb.onlyfewc.onlyalittled.onlylittle37.Nocountrycanaffordtoneglect______.a.aneducationb.educationsc.educationd.theeducation38.Pleasewritetheanswerstothequestionsattheendof______.a.eighthchapterb.chaptereightc.eightchapterd.chaptertheeight39.______isonlysurpassedbythatofmonkeys’andapes’.a.Theintelligentdogc.Theintelligenceofdogsb.Thedogswhoseintelligenced.Thedogsbeingintelligent40.All______musttakethegraduateManagementAdmissionTest.a.businessstudentb.business’sstudentsc.businessstudentsd.business’sstudent41.______anywhereintheUnitedStatescostslessthanadollarwhenyoudialityourself.a.Threeminutescallc.Athree-minutescallb.Three-minutecalld.Athree-minutecall42.The______aboutnuclearenergyrevolvesaroundthewasteproblem.a.public’schiefconcernc.chiefpublicconcernb.publicchiefconcernd.chiefconcernofpublic’s43.______thefirstandlargestethnicgrouptoworkontheconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroad.a.Chinesewereb.TheChinesewasc.Chinesewasd.TheChinesewere44.______cangetabetterviewofthegamethantheparticipants.a.Looker-onb.Lookers-onc.Looker-onsc.Lookers-ons45.Agroupofspectatorswasdispersedbythepolicewho______atthesceneoftheaccidentswithinminutes.a.wereb.havebeenc.wasd.hasbeen46.Ourlivestock______notasnumerousastheyusedtobe.a.isb.arec.bed.been47.Oneofthemostsurprisingthingsisthat______maycomefrompetroleum.a.muchoftomorrowfoodc.manyoftomorrow’sfoodb.muchofthefoodoftomorrowd.muchoftomorrow’sfood48.Scottisanorphanbuthereceived______.a.verygoodeducationc.averygoodeducationb.verygoodeducationsd.manygoodeducations49.Afterseveralday’shardworking,wehavemade______onthedesign.a.muchimprovementc.manyimprovementb.severalimprovementsd.someimprovement50.Theboywasveryhappythathismotherboughthimanewpairofshoesata______yesterday.a.shoesshopb.shoeshopc.shoes’sshopd.shoe’s51.Eggs,thoughnourishing,have______offatcontent.a.largenumberb.alargenumberc.ahighamountd.thehighamount52.Hehasdonesome______onthatsubjectfromvariousanglesoverthepasttenyears.a.researchb.aresearchc.researchesd.theresearches53.Recently,hehaslostallhis______.a.wageandsavingatcardc.wagesandsavingatcardb.wagesandsavingsatcardd.wagesandsavingsatcards54.Thecountry’swealthcomeschieflyfromitsmany______.a.herdofcattleb.heardofcattlesc.herdsofcattled.herdsofcattles55.InBritainthe______areallpaintedred.a.letterboxesb.lettersboxc.lettersboxesd.letters’sbox56.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad______.a.alittlewhitehairc.afewwhitehairb.somewhitehaird.muchwhitehair57.Allhis______farfromsatisfactiona.conductisb.conductarec.conductsisd.conductswillbe58.Althoughthetownhadbeenattackedbythestormseveraltimes,______wasdone.a.afewdamagesb.fewdamagesc.littledamaged.alittledamage59.Hewas______whattodo.a.athiswitendb.athiswitsendc.athiswit’sendd.athiswits’send60.Wouldyouliketohaveacupofteaand______withme?atwotoastsb.twopiecesoftoastc.twopieceoftoastsd.towpiecesoftoasts61.Accurate______coveringthefactarenotobtainable.a.datumb.datumsc.datad.datas62.OnMondaymorningsometeachersexchangedafew______.a.