情态动词大盘点

情态动词大盘点情态动词的定义：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。一、 lean/couldIcan'tplaybasketballnow,butIcouldwhenIwasveryyoung./Nobodycanstopthedevelopmentofscience.Could/Canyoutellmehowtogettotheairport?ThistimeIfailedintheexam,butI'llbeabletopasstheexamnexttime./Theyweredeterminedtocarryouttheplanatfirst,butthenwewereabletopersuadethemtochangetheirminds./Thecarbrokedownontheway,butwewereabletogetoutofthedesertatlast./Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.Howcanyoubesoimpolite?/Howcan/couldyoubehere?/Heisanhonestman;hecan't/couldn'tbetellinglies.—Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whoitbe?—ItbeTom.Heisstillintheschool.A.can,can'tB.can,mustn't C.might,couldD.might,mayWhatcan/couldhavehappenedtoher?Shehasn'tarrivedyet./Thedoorwaslocked.Shecouldn't/can'thavebeenathome.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon'tthinkwecouldhavemanageditwithoutyou.—ItisreallyfuntohikeandIoftengohikingintheforest.—Buthikingaloneintheforestbeverydangerous.A.can B.must C.shall D.Will/.ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitcanberathercoldsometimes]08福建卷）/Petercanbereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe'sanicepersoningeneral.（08辽宁卷）/Makingchoicescanbeverydifficult,especiallywhenthereisnoonetoturntoforadvice./Itcan/couldbeinterestingtogooutforadrive.Youcan'tpraisehimtoomuch.你无论怎样称赞他都不过分。/Ican'tthankyouenough.我对你感激不尽。/Thispointcannotbeoveremphasized.这一点无论如何强调都不过分。Icannot/canhardlywaittoreadthebook.例1、表示“脑力或体力上的能力”；例2、表示“表示请求或主观上的允许”；例3、、表示经过努力而成功地办到了某个具体的事情时，只能用beableto,不可以用can;这种用法的beableto相当于succeedindoing或managetodo。例4、5、6、（can/could用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧等态度。例6\表示could/can（not）havedone可表示对过去发生的行为进行猜测；例7、couldhavedone还可表示对过去发生的动作表示虚拟用法；例8、表示can/could可表示理论上的一种推测，“经验之谈”；仅用于肯定的陈述句；可译为“有可能，有时会气例9、cannot/can't与too/over-/enough等词连用；not也可以用never/hardly/scarcely等代替。意思是“越…越好”“无论怎样…也不为过”。例10、cannot/canhardlywaittodosth.意思是"beeagerto 急于做”，表示强调的肯定意思。二、 |may/mightI---MayIcomein?---Yes,youmay/can.（---No,youcan't/mustn't./I'mafraidnot.）Mayyoubehappy!=Wishyouhappy!/Mayyousucceedinwinningthefirstprizeinthegame!Thetrafficisheavythesedays.Imight/mayarrivealittlelate,socouldyousavemeaplace?/Hemay/mightnotcometoday.Itisrainingoutside.Ifyouhadmadebetteruseofyourtime,youmighthavelearnedmore./Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience,hemighthavedonebetter.Shemaywellrefusetospeaktoyou,becauseshe’sinaverybadmood./Lizamaywellnotwanttogoonthetrip---shehatestravelling.（08'全国卷II）Sincesheisangry,wemay/mightaswellleaveheralone./Itisverylate,soyoumay/mightaswellgotobed.。例1、表示征求意见、许可。例2、may放在句首，表"祝愿”；构成祈使句："May+主语+do/be+其它!”。例3、may/might表推测，用于肯定句和否定句中；may比might的语气略强一点；例4、might（not）havedone还可表示对过去发生的动作表虚拟；例5、“maywell+动词原形”意思为“理应，有足够的理由,很有可能”；例6、“may/mightaswell+动词原形”意思为“还不如，不妨，还是…的好”，表示某人应该做某事，因为没有更好的事、没有更有趣的事或没有更有用处的事可以做。/Youmay/mightaswellrepeattheexperiment.三、Shall/shouldWhatshallIwearonthejourney?/ShallXiaoWangtaketheposition?/—ItellJohnaboutit?—No,youneedn’t.Ihavetoldhimalready.A.Shall B.Will C.Can D.MayBeingexaminedtwiceayearistherulethateverydriverobeyinthiscity.Ashall Bcan Coughtto D.need/HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreadingit./Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou./Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan./Youshallbepunishedifyoubreaktherule./一Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?一“Noperson smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.”（07四川卷）A.willB.mayC.shall D.mustIconsideritagoodjokethatheshouldmarrysuchawoman./Thatheshouldspeaktoyoulikethatisquiteastonishing./Itseemsunfairthatthisshouldhappentome.这种事情竟然发生在我的身上，好像不公平。/Youcan'timaginethatsuchagoodstudentlikehimshouldhavefailedintheexam./Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavesurvivedthedisaster.Itisnecessary/importantthatweshouldlearnEnglishwell./Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou（should）notswimafteralargemeal./Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind/Shouldyouchangeyourmind,doletmeknow.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youshouldn'thavelefthomewithoutaword./—Youshouldhavewrittenwithapen,notapencil.—Yes,IknowIoughttohave,butIhadnopentowritewith.Thereshouldn'tbeanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool./Thereportiswrittenaftercarefulinvestigation,soitshouldbereliable./Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?Thereshouldbetwelve.（09全国卷I）/Therescueteamshouldarriveby5o'clockthisafternoon.Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,youshouldswitchoffyourmobilephonebeforeboarding.（08'上海）例1、shall用于第一，三人称，疑问句中：表征求对方的意见或请示;。例2、shall用于第二、三人称，肯定句中：表允诺，命令，警告，威胁，决心，强制或是在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。例3、should译为“居然，竟然”；表示意外，惊异等情绪，例4、should还可用于一些表虚拟的句型；例5、ought(not)to/should(not)+havedone表示对过去动作的虚拟用法；例6、should可以表示估计或推测上的“按理说、估计、按理应当嘴等。例7、should可以表示义务、责任或建议、劝告。四、 Will/wouldI'lldomybesttocatchupwiththem./I'llneverdoitagain,that'sthelasttime./NomatterhowIadvisedhimtogiveupsmoking,hewouldnotlistentome.It'shot.Willyouopenthewindows?/Willyouhelpmetoworkitout?/Wouldyoulikesomecoffee？Shewouldsitthereforhourssometimes,doingnothingatall./IwouldasksuchquestionswhenIwasatschool./Inthosedays,theoldwomanwouldsitatthegateforhours,waitingforhersontoreturnfromthefront./WheneverMotherwasnothere,thechildrenwouldmakealotofnoise.Pleasecometomypartytonight,willyou?/—Don’tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow,—.A.Idon’t|B.Iwon’tC.Ican’tD.Ihaven’tIfyouwillwaitamoment,I7llgotoseeifMr.Johnsisfree./Ifyouwillmakeanothertry,Ishalldoeverythingpossibletohelpyou.如果你愿意再试一次的话，我愿近一切可能帮助你。Howeverhardyoutry,thedoorwon'topen.Matcheswillnotstrikeiftheyaredamp.火柴如果潮湿，就划不着。/Fishwilldiewithoutwater.例1、(will/would)表意志、决心、愿望。would为will的过去式，可用于各人称。例2、will,would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问，用would比will更婉转,例3、would表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，“总是(会)，总要”；而usedto表“过去常常”(现在已没有这种习惯)。例4、祈使句的反意疑问句的回答一般多用“willyou”；例5、will表"意愿”色彩，可用于if条件状从中；表将来，则不能，要用一般现在时替代。例6、will用于非人主语时，表示固有性质，倾向。例7、will用于表示某些根据自然规律必定会发生的事情.五、 Must/havetO—Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?—Yes,youmust.(No,youdon'thaveto./No,youneedn't.)Youmustn't/can'tplayfootballinthestreet./Youmustn'tparkyourcarhere;thereisasingsaying“NoParking”.Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecomputer./Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired./Theyareplayingbasketball;theymusthavefinishedtheirhomework./Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.WhymustitrainonSunday?/Whymustyoualwaysinterruptme?/Thecarmustbreakdownwhenwewereabletostartoff./---whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?---Well,ifyouknow,hernameisMable.A.may B.can C.must D.Shall/—CanIborrowyourlap-tapcomputer?—Well…，.Aifyouneed B_ifyoumust CifyoucanDifyoushould/Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughter goanddotheopposite.A.may B.can C.Imust D.should例1、must表示必须、必要,must表示主观多一些，而haveto则表示客观多一些。回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don'thaveto。例2、mustn't表禁止；(口语中可用can't替换)。例3、must表示推测时，只能用于肯定句。(其否定式、疑问式用can/could)例4、表示“偏要”“硬要”。表示说话人对句子主语所发出的动作或行为是不希望的、不满的甚至是生气的。通常指令人不愉快的事情。还常常形成“ifyoumustknow…”；

六、Ineed/darjneed作为情态动词，多用于否定句和疑问句中；用法完全和其他情态动词一样，后接动词原形；但need还可当作实义动词使用，可用于任何句型中，这时就象其它行为动词一样，有第三人称，单复数，后面加带to的动词，变否定和疑问要借助助动词do/does/did等。---NeedIattendthemeetingtomorrow?---Yes,youmust.（No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.）/Youneednothandinthepaperthisweek.---Didheneedtogotoworkyesterday?--No,hedidn't.ItwasSundayyesterday.Hedidn'tneedtogotowork./Sheneedsanecklace.Mycomputerdoesn’twork;itneeds/wants/requires/demandsrepairing/toberepaired/repairs.E.g.Thegardenforafewdays.A.doesn'tneedbewateredB.doesn'tneedwateringC.needn'twaterD.needn'tbeingwatereddoesn'tneedtobewateredTheydidn'tneedtocomehere.他们不必来这儿(实际也没来)。/—Jamesdidn'tturnuplastnight,didhe?—No.He.Wehadchangedourplan.A.shouldn'thavecome B.needn'thavecomeCdidn'tneedtocome D.needn'tcome5.Theyneedn'thavecomehere.他们本来不必来这儿（但是实际来了）/Iamgladthatyouhavemanagedtocome.Youhaveboughtwine.We'vegotplenty.A.wouldn't B.couldn'tC.mustn't D.needn't例1、need“需要”，作为情态动词使用，在否定式或疑问句中；例2、need作实义动词使用；例3、need作实义动词使用;主语是物时，表示“某物需要被……”。其句型为"sth.+need+doing/tobedone/名词（短语）”；例4、5、didn'tneedto和needn'thavedone的区别（都是关于过去的动作）：前者表示过去没有必要做某事，实际上也没有做某事；后者表示“（过去）本没必要做某事而实际上做了”，做了不该做的事情。Thelittlegirldarenotspeakinpublic./Dareyoucatchthelittlecat?Doyoudaretowalkinthedark?/Hedoesn'tdare（to）telltheteacherwhathappenedthatday.例6、dare“敢”，作情态动词、后接动词原形；多用在否定或疑问句中。例7、dare除用作情态动词外，更多的是当实义动词使用，后接带to的不定式；用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。但否定句中，to可省可不省。欣赏例句：1）Iwonderhowhethattotheteacher.D.daredsayD.daredfightingoffD.daredsayD.daredfightingoffIwonderhowshethedrunkensailortheotherday.A.darefightingoffB.daredfightoffC.daretofightoffHewasnotbrave.Hejumpdownfromaverytallwall.couldhavedone本来可以做惋惜mighthavedone本来也许可以惋惜needn’thavedone原本不必做惋惜shouldhavedone本应该做贝备shouldn’thavedone本不应该做贝备oughttohavedone本应该做贝备A.darenot B.darednot C.daresnot D.darenotto淤重点掌握“情态动词+完成式”的两种用法（注意”情态动词+动词的完成形式”所表达的意思与题干意思是否相符。） ，<1>,表达虚拟色彩|情态动词的虚拟用法

Hedidn'ttakepartinthecompetition,hethough.A.wonB.didn'twinC.couldwinD.couldhavewonYou.Therewasplentyoftime.A.needn'thurryB.can'thurryC.mustn'thavehurriedD^needn'thavehurriedYoumeearlier.Icouldhavehelpedyou.A.shouldtellmeIB.IshouldhavetoldC.needtotellD.needn'thavetoldYouhimsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.A.shouldn'tfollow B.mustn'tfollowC.couldn'thavebeenfollowing DZ^houldn'thavebeenfollowingYoueventhoughyouwerebusyatthattime.A.mighthelphim B.musthavehelpedhimC?1mighthavehelpedhim D.shouldhelphimIfyouhadbeenmorecareful,youhavemadesomanymistakes.A.won't |b]wouldn't C.maynotD.mustn't—There7ssomeoneoutside.Whoitbe?—ItbeMary.Shepromisedtocomeoverat8:00.—There7ssomeoneoutside.Whoitbe?—ItbeMary.Shepromisedtocomeoverat8:00.A.must;must B?]can;must C.shall;may—Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whoitbe?—ItbeTom.Heisstillintheschool.IA.ban,can'tB.can,mustn'tC.might,could—themantherebeournewteacher?—Hebe,butI'mnotsure.A.May,mustn'tIB.|Can,mayTomislate.Whattohim?A.shouldhavehappenedIC.|canhavehappenedC.Must,can'tD.may;canD.might,mayD.Can,can'tB.musthavehappenedD.wouldhavehappened<2>表达推测用法.情态动词的推测用法|1)从推测角度分：可 能(1--50%)might;may;could;can很可能(60—90%)should;oughtto;would;will肯 定(100%)must不可能(0%)can’t2)从形式角度分一般式ModelV.+be/do进行式ModelV.+bedoing完成式ModelV.+havedoneHehavecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.should B.must C.wouldn’tD.can’t—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.Igototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.should |D.|might---IsJohncomingbytrain?---Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.need D.May淤must句式的反意疑问句的回答语特色；尤其在表推测的情况下：应注意以下习惯搭配：must作“必须”解时，反意疑问句中重复must。Allthechildrenmustrespecttheirparents,mustn’tthey？孩子必须尊敬父母，对吗？must作“有必要”解时，反意疑问句中用need。Wemusttellherthetruth,needn’twe？我们现在有必要告诉她实情，对吗？“mustbe”表示推测时，反意疑问句用be的适当