新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题1千变万化的动词第1讲谓语动词课件

语法专题突破专题一千变万化的动词第一讲谓语动词考点分层演练语篇导入阅读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分的时态、语态。IamLiFan,chairmanoftheStudents'union.Iamwriting①todrawyourattentiontosomeimproperbehaviourinourcampus:litteringandscribbling.Ithasbeenmaking②ourschooldirtyandunpleasant.Ialwaysfeel③ashamedwheneverIsee③this.Itis③clearlynotappropriateforastudenttolitterandscribbleabout.Lastweek,theStudents'unionheld④ameetingtoseeksomesolutionstotheseproblems.Wewerehaving⑤aheateddiscussion一动词的时态whenourheadmastercame④andjoined④us.Afterthemeeting,theheadmastersaid④thattheschoolhadmade⑥effortstoimprovethissituationandmoredustbinswouldbeplaced⑦around.Recently,theStudents'Unionhassetup⑧specificrulesagainstsuchbehaviour.Atthesametime,allofusshoulddevelopgoodhabitsandbehaveourselves.Webelievethat,withthejointeffortsofbothteachersandstudents,ourschoolwillbecome⑨amoreenjoyableplaceinthenearfuture.①是现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are＋现在分词。表示现在正在发生的动作。②是现在完成进行时，结构为：have/hasbeen＋现在分词。表示从过去开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作。③是一般现在时，结构为：be动词：am/is/are；行为动词：谓语动词为动词原形或动词的单数第三人称形式。表示现在的状态，还可表示现在经常性或习惯性动作。④是一般过去时，结构为：谓语动词用动词的一般过去式形式。表示在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。⑤是过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋现在分词。表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。⑥是过去完成时，结构为：had＋过去分词。表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。⑦是过去将来时，结构为：would＋动词原形。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外此处主语dustbins为动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。⑧是现在完成时，结构为：has/have＋过去分词。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。⑨是一般将来时，结构为：will＋动词原形。表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。难点精析一、词形变化在时态的变化中，动词的形式需要发生相应的变化。动词形式不正确已经成为英语写作中重要的扣分因素。因此，要注意在不同时态中的词形变化。形式变化规则构成方法例词原形

see，finish，teach，touch形式变化规则构成方法例词三单一般情况直接加-slook—lookswrite—writes以-ch，-sh，-s，-x结尾加-esteach—teachesfinish—finishesguess—guessesmix—mixes以“辅音＋o”结尾加-esdo—doesgo—goes以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i加-estry—triesbury—buries形式变化规则构成方法例词过去式/过去分词一般情况直接加-edstay—stayedlook—looked以不发音-e结尾直接加-ddecide—decidedhope—hoped以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写辅音字母加-edstop—stoppedadmit—admitted以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i加-edcarry—carriedtry—tried形式变化规则构成方法例词现在分词一般情况直接加-inggo—goingread—reading以不发音-e结尾去e加-inghave—havingwrite—writing以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写辅音字母加-ingcut—cuttingrun—running二、核心考点高考中通常把时态和语境结合起来考查(常在语法填空和短文改错两个题型中考查)。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的是9种。1．一般现在时(am/is/are；动词原形或动词的单数第三人称形式)(1)常常表示人现在的习惯或现在经常性发生的动作。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday等。Iusuallydomyhomeworkintheeveningeveryday.我通常每天晚上做作业。(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。They'llstandbyyouevenifyoudon'tsucceed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。(3)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。2．一般过去时(过去式)(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，lastyear，theotherday等时间状语连用。Hearrivedatschoolat9：00a．m.yesterday.他昨天上午九点到学校。(2)根据上下文或主从句提示。Ididn'tpasstheexam，whichmademyparentsveryangry.我没有通过考试，这让我父母很生气。3．一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定，常用will/shall＋动词原形或者强调主观看法，表示主语打算、计划等决定要做的事要用is/am/aregoingto＋动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，nextweek等连用。Itissaidthathewillretirenextmonth.据说他将于下月卸任。4．现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词)(1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作；也可以表示当时一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有now，atpresent,thisweek等。Motheriswaitingforme.母亲在等我。Whatlessonareyoustudyingthisweek?你们本周学哪一课了？(2)代替一般将来时，表示即将发生的动作。动词一般多为表示位置转移的动词。如：go,come,leave,arrive等。5．过去进行时(was/were＋现在分词)(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语then，atthattime等。Iwasdoingmylessonsthen.那时我在做功课。(2)代替过去将来时，表示过去即将发生的动作。Hesaidhewascomingtoseeme.他说他要来看我。即时训练1单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat_______(be)previouslyunprotected.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Ifanessayisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,it____________(earn)azero.③(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry_____________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.were

willearnwasfixing④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyou______________(look)foronsocialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresultinausefulresponse.⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,andit_______(feel)greattohavedonesomethinguseful.arelookingfeels6．现在完成时(have/has＋过去分词)(1)表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响。—I'msorry，butIdon'tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry，Ihaven'tmademyselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.——对不起，我没完全明白你的话。你是说你们打算9月20号回来吗？——对不起，我没有表达清楚。我们打算10月20号回来。(2)表示一个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。(3)考查现在完成时，往往有较为明显的时间状语。如already，just，yet，since，for＋一段时间，uptonow，untilnow，eversince，sofar，recently，lately，inthepast/lastfewyears等。IhavelearnedabouttwohundredEnglishwordsinthepastthreehours.在过去的3小时里我已经学了大约200个英语单词了。(4)下列句型中常用现在完成时。Ithasbeen＋一段时间＋since从句This/That/Itisthefirst/second...timethat＋现在完成时This/That/Itisthebest/finest/mostinteresting...＋名词＋that＋现在完成时ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavemadeaspeech.这是我第一次做演讲。ItisthemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveeverread.这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。7．过去完成时(had＋过去分词)(1)表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。用在by，bytheendof，bythetime，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。Ihadputawaymycellphonebeforemyfathercameback.在我爸爸回来之前我已经把手机收起来了。(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly，scarcely，nosooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。Nosoonerhadtheyrushedoutofthehousethanitburntdown.他们刚从房子里跑出来房子就烧塌了。(3)hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)即时训练2单句语法填空①(2022·全国甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao_____________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hehesitatedandthensaidhe______________(decide)nottorun.③Nosooner______we_______(be)seatedthanthebusstarted.④(2021·广东六校联考)Themastercarpenter____________(draw)over1.18millionsubscriberssofarontheInternet.⑤Asisreported,thenumberofsmokers______________(drop)by17percentinjustoneyearthankstothepushofhealthknowledge.haswalkedhaddecidedhadbeenhasdrawnhasdropped8．过去将来时(should/would＋动词原形)表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。Shesaidshewouldretirethenextyear.她说她明年就退休了。Iwonderedwhatmysonwouldsaythenextmoment.我不知道儿子紧接着要说什么。9．现在完成进行时(have/has＋been＋现在分词)(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我们常常见面。即时训练3单句语法填空①(2022·全国乙卷)Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrains___________(be)abletoreactintime.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.People____________________(bring)theirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.

wouldbehavebeenbringing③AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild，fewpeopleguessedthathe_________(be)afamousscientistwhosetheories_____________(change)theworld.④ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities__________________(rise)steadilysince1997.⑤Sincethen—foralltheseyears—we_____________________(allow)tomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.wouldbewouldchangehasbeenrisinghavebeenallowing语篇导入阅读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分的语态。XiaoMing'sCellphoneXiaoMing'scellphonewasbroken①byhisfatheryesterdayevening.Icouldn'tgetthroughtohimbecausethecellphonewasbeingrepaired②then.Beforethis，hiscellphonehadbeenbroken③fourtimesbecausehewascareless.XiaoMinglikedcellphonegamessomuchthathedidn'tstudyhard.二动词的语态Cellphonesarewidelyused④nowadays.However，manyofthemarebeingused⑤toplaygamesbyteenagers.Sofar，manyquestionshavebeenraised⑥bytheirparents.Shouldtheybeused⑦bystudents?XiaoMing'scellphonewillberepaired⑧wellsoon.MaybebynextSundaythecellphonewillhavebeenbrought⑨homeandwillbebeingused⑩toplaygamesagain.①是被动语态的一般过去时，结构为：was/were＋过去分词。②是被动语态的过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋being＋过去分词。③是被动语态的过去完成时，结构为：hadbeen＋过去分词。④是被动语态的一般现在时，结构为：is/am/are＋过去分词。⑤是被动语态的现在进行时，结构为：is/am/are＋being＋过去分词。⑥是被动语态的现在完成时，结构为：have/hasbeen＋过去分词。⑦是带情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。⑧是被动语态的一般将来时，结构为：will＋be＋过去分词。⑨是被动语态的将来完成时，结构为：will＋havebeen＋过去分词。⑩是被动语态的将来进行时，结构为：will＋bebeing＋过去分词。难点精析1．不及物动词及短语没有被动语态。Anaccidenthappenedonthewayhomelastnightandfivepeoplewerekilled.昨晚在回家的路上发生了一起意外事故，死了五个人。Abigfirebrokeoutinourschoollastweek.上周我们学校发生了一场大火。2．被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介/副词。Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer.夏天不应该种树。Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.这个男孩被他的同学取笑了。3．汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中可用被动结构表示，构成Itis＋done...形式。如：Itissaid/reportedthat...据说/据报道……Itiswellknownthat...众所周知……Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出……Itmustbeadmittedthat...人们必须承认……Itisgenerallyconsidered/supposed/hoped/believedthat...人们普遍认为/希望/相信……Itisgenerallyconsideredthatthekeytolearningaforeignlanguagewellisnothingbutpractice.人们普遍认为学好一门外语的关键就是练习。Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.据报告，近一两日气温将明显下降。4．下面的主动形式常表示被动意义。(1)feel/taste/smell/look/sound＋adj.Junkfoodtastesdeliciousbutitdoesn'tcontainenoughnutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。Yourideasoundswonderfulbutitisn'tpractical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。(2)want/need/requiredoingThewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.这扇窗户需要修理。Yourcompositionstillrequirespolishingtobepublished.你的文章出版前还需润色。(3)wash/sell/write/read＋adv.Theclotheswasheswell.这些衣服很好洗。Hernewbookwasinterestingandsoldwell.她的新书很有趣并且卖得不错。即时训练单句语法填空①(2022·全国乙卷)ScottishNationalPortraitGallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.They________(hold)intheLectureRoom.②(2022·全国甲卷)Inarecentexperiment,cockatoos______________(present)withaboxwithanutinsideit.③(2022·全国乙卷)SinceAprildrinkscompanies_________________(force)topaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.areheldwerepresentedhavebeenforced④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhich_________________(grade).⑤(2022·全国乙卷)Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcould__________(avoid)withdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.⑥(2021·3月天津)Currently,about35,000works__________________

(dispaly)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.willbegradedbeavoidedarebeingdisplayed⑦(2021·1月浙江)Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson'sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25___________

(consider)healthy.⑧Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho___________________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.isconsideredhadbeentrapped解题策略1．掌握独特的时间状语标志(1)时间基点为现在，题干中如用always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等，用一般现在时。(2)题干中如用yesterday，lastnight，afewdaysago，theotherday等，用一般过去时。(3)题干中如用tomorrow，nextyear，inaweek等，用一般将来时。(4)题干中如用now，atpresent等，用现在进行时。(5)题干中如用atthattime，then，atsixo'clockyesterday等，用过去进行时。(6)题干中如用atthistimetomorrow，from1o'clockto3o'clocktomorrow等，用将来进行时。(7)题干中如用sofar，uptonow，in/over/duringthelastyear/pastfewyears等，用现在完成时。2．熟记固定句型中的时态(1)bedoing...when...，when前面的句子常用过去进行时，when后面的句子常用一般过去时。(2)Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。3．分清主动被动，辨析语态看到主语为物，且动词为及物动词，要想到用被动语态。语篇导入1．语法一致原则Ilive①inBeijingwhilemygirlfriendlives①inShanghai，andwehaven't①seeneachotherforalongtime.Toseehereverydayis②mydream.WhatIwanttodois③giveupmypresentjobandworkinhercity.However，allmyrelativesexceptmyuncleareagainst④myidea.Someonetells⑤methatitisnotworthwhiletogiveupmyjob，whichbrings⑥me10,000yuaneverymonth.三主谓一致该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式则动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式则动词用复数形式：①根据主语的人称和数，来确定谓语动词的单复数。②主语是不定式或动名词，动词用单数。③主语是从句，动词一般用单数。④主语后面跟有with，togetherwith，except，but，aswellas，ratherthan，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词跟这些词前面的主语一致。⑤主语为someone，anyone，everyone等不定代词时，谓语动词往往用单数。⑥关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。2．意义一致原则Ihavebeentravellingonabudgetforfourmonths.Fourmonthsis①notashorttime.Thoughalargenumberofpeopledon't②understandme，themajorityofpeopleImetonmywayare③friendly.Theolddon't④supportmycrazybehaviour，buttheyoungadmire④me.Atfirstmyfamilywere⑤worriedaboutme，butnowtheyhavebeenusedtothis.①表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。②“anumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。③themajorityof，therestof，分数/百分数＋of＋名词，要根据名词的数或者是否可数来确定谓语动词的数。④“the＋adj.”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示一类物时，谓语动词用单数。⑤family，group，team，class，government等集体名词，当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。3．就近一致原则Thereare①manygirlshavingatasteforsweetfood，butneithermysisternorIam②interestedincandies.①here/there引导一个句子而且主语不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。②由or，notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。难点精析1．用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。(两样物)注意：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：breadandbutter(黄油抹面包)，knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2．若主语中有morethanone或manya/an，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数。

但more＋复数名词＋thanone作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数。Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。Morethanonestudentwaslate.不止一个学生迟到。Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一个人来帮助我们。3．形复意单名词如：news；以－ics结尾的学科名称如：physics，mathematics，economics；国名如：theUnitedStates；报纸名如：theNewTimes；书名如：ArabianNights《天方夜谭》；以及theUnitedNations联合国等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。即时训练单句语法填空①(2022·全国乙卷)Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhood_____(be)ofgreatimportance.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)IusedtokeephenswhenI______(be)youngerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.③(2022·浙江卷)Newresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwho_______(be)physicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiainlaterlife.iswaswere④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid,who______(be)standingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.⑤(2022·全国乙卷)Initiallythesugartax________________(expect)tomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.⑥Theteacherandpoetoften________(give)lecturesaroundthecity.⑦NobodybutJimandMike_____(be)ontheplaygroundnow.⑧AsfarasIknow，hisfamily_____notverylargebutthefamily______allmusiclovers.(be)⑨Thepoor_______(be)lookeddownuponintheolddays.⑩NeitherhisparentsnorI__________(be)abletopersuadehimtochangehismind.waswasexpectedgivesisisare

weream/was解题策略1．找准句子中的主语，看主语是单数还是复数。2．牢记特殊用法的结构，用对谓语动词的数。3．注意结合时态和语态。语篇导入1．can/couldMary—M

Nancy—NM：Can①youreadthisword?N：Sorry，Ican't①.M：Can/Could②Iuseyourdictionary?N：Ofcourseyoucan③，butwaitaminute.Whereismydictionary?M：Can④itbeinyourdormitory?N：No，itcan't④be.Ineverstudyinmydormitory.四情态动词M：Couldyouhavelent⑤ittoyourdeskmate?N：No，mydeskmatecouldn'thaveborrowed⑤adictionarybecausehehatesEnglish.ItmightbeinJane'sdesk，butIcan't⑥touchherbookswithoutpermission.M：Anorganizedpersoncan⑦forgetthings.can/could的意义及用法①can表能力，意为“能够”。②can表请求，could表示委婉语气。③can表许可。④can表推测，意为“可能”，常用于疑问句/否定句。⑤couldn'thavedone意为“不可能做过某事”，Couldsb./sth.havedone...?意为“某人/某物可能做过某事吗？”，表示对过去的推测，用于疑问句或否定句。⑥can't表示客观条件不允许。⑦can表示客观上存在这种可能性但不一定发生。2．may/mightMike—M

Teacher—TM：May/Might①Icomein?T：Yes，youmay②.You'realmostlate，andwhereisyourdeskmate?M：Hmm，Idon'tknow.Hemay/might③beonthewaytoschool.T：Hemight③be；thatis，hemightnot③beonhiswaytoschool.Mike，youmayaswell④tellmethetruth.Whyhasn'thecomeyet?M：Hemighthavestayed⑤uplatelastnight，andhemightnothaveset⑤thealarmclock.may/might的意义及用法①表示请求。②表示许可，不用might。③表示对现在的猜测，might表示语气更不肯定。④mayaswell“还是……好”。⑤mighthavedone表示对过去的猜测，意为“可能做了某事”。mightnothavedone意为“可能没做某事”。3．mustJane—J

Mother—MJ：Mom，must①Itakethismedicine?M：Yes，youmust①.J：Must①Itakeitrightnow?M：No，youneedn't②.Youcantakeitlater.J：Butitmustbe③bitter.M：I'vetoldyoutowearyourcoat，butyoumust④wearyourT-shirt.Besides，youmusthaveplayed⑤outdoors.Youmustn't⑥doitagain.must的意义及用法①must表必须，肯定回答用must。②否定回答用needn't。③mustbe表示对现在的猜测，只用于肯定句。④must表示非要，偏偏。⑤musthavedone表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定做过某事”。⑥mustn't表示禁止意为“不可以”，不表示推测。4．shouldBoss—B

Jane—J

Steven—SB：It'sninenowandeveryoneshould①behere.WhereisSteven?Heshouldhavearrived②tenminutesago.J：Reallystrange，Ican'timagineMr.Punctualshould③belateforwork.B：Herehecomes.Whyareyoulate，Steven?S：I'mterriblysorry，sir.Ishouldn'thavedrunk②toomuchcoffeeyesterdayevening.Ikeptmyeyesopenuntilfouro'clockinthemorning.B：Apersonlikeyoushouldn'tdrink④toomuchcoffee，teaeither.S：Yes，Ioughttobepunctualasusual.should的意义及用法①表示推测，意思为“按理说应当”。②shouldhavedone意为“过去本应做而没做”，shouldn'thavedone表示“过去本不应做却做了”，含有虚拟的意味。③表“竟然”。④should(not)dosth.＝ought(not)todosth.“(不)应该做某事”。5．shallMan—M

Woman—WM：Hi，whereareyougoing?W：Ishall①gotoNewYork.M：Metoo！Oh，yoursuitcaseisheavy.Shall②Icarryitforyou，Miss？(carrying

the

suitcase

to

the

woman's

seat

and

sitting

beside

the

woman)W：Thankyouforhelpingme，butit'srequiredthateveryoneshall③sitonhisownseat.M：Itdoesn'tmatter.W：Stayawayfromme，orIwillcallthepolice.Youshall④besorryforwhatyoudo.Sir，Ineedyourhelp.(waving

to

a

policeman)shall的意义及用法①用于第一人称，表将要做某事。②用于第一、三人称疑问句，表请求。③用于第二、三人称陈述句，表示按照正式的规定要做的事。④用于第二、三人称陈述句，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。6．need/dareMike—M

Jack—JM：Doyoudaretotake①yourcellphonetotheexamination?J：No，Idarenotdo②it；Ineedn'tdo③iteither.M：Youstudywell，soyoudon'tneedtocheat④.Iamdifferent.J：Stopthinkingaboutcheating，andyoucan'tgetawaywithit.Youneedto⑤studyhard.Nopains，nogains.need/dare的意义及用法•dare和need在作情态动词时，没有人称和时态的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句。疑问句直接把dare和need提前，否定句直接在其后加not，如用法第②和③。•dare和need作实意动词时，有人称和时态的变化，常用于肯定句中。如果构成疑问句和否定句，需要加助动词do/does，且其后要加todo。如用法第①④⑤。•其用法简单总结为：有助有to，无助无to。7．will/wouldTom—T

Mary—MM：Howaboutthenewwatch?T：Iwill①neveruseitanymore.Itjustwon't②givethecorrecttime.M：Hush！Grandmaissleeping.Shewill③haveanapatthistimethesedays.T：Atnineo'clockinthemorning？Shewould/usedto④haveanapintheafternoon.M：Thephoneisringing，butIambusywithmywork.T：Okay，Iwill⑤answerit.will/would的意义及用法①表示意愿。②表示物的属性。③表示人现在的习惯，意为“常常做某事”。④would/usedto表示过去的习惯。⑤表示临时起意。难点精析1．用于固定习语中：can't...too/enough(无论……也不过分；越……越好)Youcan'tbetoocarefulwhencrossingabusystreet.＝Youcan'tbecarefulenoughwhencrossingabusystreet.你横穿马路的时候，再怎么小心都不为过/越小心越好。2．情态动词＋havedone对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测(1)musthavedonesth.“(过去)一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句中(2)may(might)havedonesth.“(过去)可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定；用于肯定句和否定句中(3)can(could)nothavedonesth.“(过去)不可能做某事”；用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定表示“与过去事实相反”(1)couldhavedonesth.(过去)本可以做某事但实际上没做(2)needn'thavedonesth.(过去)本不必做某事但实际上做了(3)oughtto/shouldhavedonesth.(过去)本应该做某事但实际上没做(4)oughtn'tto/shouldn'thavedonesth.(过去)本不应该做某事但实际上做了(5)mighthavedonesth.(过去)可能做某事但实际上没做即时训练用适当的情态动词填空(必要时加not)①(2022·全国甲卷)Inhumans,babies______putaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetricalshapes.②(2022·全国甲卷)Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterules______seemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.canmay③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudents_______bereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion.④(2022·全国乙卷)Theoneinthenewenvironment_________besympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.⑤(2021·3月天津)Itusedtobethatyou________driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.mustshouldcould⑥Everyonepresentwillnotbelievesuchagentleman_________dothat.⑦You___________playwiththeknife，oryoumayhurtyourself.⑧You________bepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.⑨It_______haverainedlastnight，fortheroadisquitemuddy.⑩I___________havetakentheumbrella，fortheweatherisfine.shouldmustn'tshallmustneedn't语篇导入1．wish/wouldrather/asif/ifonlyMr.Zhang—Z

Mr.Wang—W(Beside

the

river，Mr.Zhang

and

Mr.Wang

are

quivering

asiftheywere①

in

cold

winter.)Z：IwishIhad①somethinghottodrink.W：IwouldratherIhadn'tinvited②youtogoout.Z：Howbigafish!IfonlyIhadcaught②it.W：Ifonlyyouhadn'tfallen②intotheriver!Ifonlywehad①dryclothesnow!NowIwishyourwifewouldn'tblame③thisonme.五虚拟语气asif/though好像，wish希望，wouldrather宁可，宁愿，ifonly要是……就好了，这四组词后的从句往往用虚拟语气。①对现在(以及wouldrather对将来)的虚拟，从句谓语用过去式(be的过去式用were)。②对过去的虚拟，从句谓语用had＋过去分词。③对将来的虚拟，从句谓语用would/could/might＋动词原形(wouldrather除外)。2．条件状语从句中的虚拟语气Mr.Zhang—Z

Wife—W(in

the

hospital)Z：Whatfineweather!IfIwerenotill，Iwouldgofishing.①W：Ifyouhadn'tgonefishingyesterday，youwouldn'thavecaughtacold.②Z：Iwouldhavestayedathome，butMr.Wanginvitedmetogo.③Hetoldmetohurry，otherwiseIwouldn'thaveforgottentowearwarmcoats.④W：IsitallLaoWang'sfault?Butfor/WithoutMr.Wang，youwouldhavebeendrowned.⑤Z：Haditnotbeenforthebigfish，Iwouldn'thavefallenintothewater.⑥I'dcatchitifIshouldrecovertomorrow.⑦•①②⑦为if条件句引导的虚拟语气，从句和主句的结构为：对现在的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/were...，主语＋would/could/should/mightdo...对过去的虚拟：If＋主语＋haddone...，主语＋would/could/should/mighthavedone...对将来的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/should/weretodo...，主语＋would/could/should/mightdo...•⑥为条件虚拟语气句的省略与倒装，结构为：Had＋主语＋done，主语＋would(not)havedone...Were＋主语＋todo/Should＋主语＋do，主语＋woulddo...•③④⑤为含蓄虚拟语气，结构如下：主语＋wouldhavedone...，but过去的事实主语＋woulddo...，but现在的事实without/butfor＋n.，主语＋woulddo(与现在相反)without/butfor＋n.，主语＋wouldhavedone(与过去相反)现在的事实，otherwise/or＋主语＋woulddo过去的事实，otherwise/or＋主语＋wouldhavedone3．名词性从句和定语从句中的虚拟语气Yesterday，Mikeinsistedthathehadn'tcheatedintheexamwiththecellphoneandthatheshouldnotbepunished.①Theteacherorderedthatheshouldtakeoutthecellphoneandcommandedthatheshouldphonehisparentsrightnow.①Mikerequestedthattheteachershouldnotcallhisparents.①Hedemandedthattheteachershouldgivehimanotherchance.①Theteachersaiditwasrequiredthatstudentsshouldnottakecellphonestoschool.②Hersuggestion/advicewasthatMikeshouldstudyhardinsteadofcheatingintheexams.③Itishightimethatheshouldprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination.④•某些特定的动词之后的宾语从句常用含有should的虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。如①，这类动词包括“一坚持”(insist)，“二命令”(order/command)，“三要求”(require/request/demand)，“四建议”(suggest/advise/recommend/propose)。•上述动词用于Itis/was＋过去分词＋that从句时，从句使用带should的虚拟语气，如②。•上述动词的名词形式如requirement，suggestion等，其后的表语从句或同位语从句用含有should的虚拟语气，如③。•Itishigh/abouttimethatsb.did/shoulddosth.也是常见的虚拟语气形式，如④。4．Itis＋adj.＋thatsb.shoulddo...Englishteacher：Itisimportant/essential/necessarythatyoushouldlearnEnglishwell.Student：Why？AsaChinese，IthinkitisstrangethatIshouldlearnEnglishwell.某些Itis/was＋形容词＋that引导的主语从句中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”，这类形容词包括important，essential，necessary，strange等等。难点精析1．当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。Theoldmaninsistedthathewasnotillandthatheshouldnotbesenttohospital.这个老人坚持认为他没有病，坚持要求他不应该被送到医院。2．错综时间条件句当从句、主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所在的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadlistenedtotheteacheryesterday，youwouldn'tsuffersomuchnow.如果你昨天听老师的，你现在就不会受这么多苦。即时训练单句语法填空①TheAntarcticaissomysticallydescribedbysomepeople.IfonlyI___________(be)therebefore!②Ouronlyrequestisthatthis________________________(settle)assoonaspossible.③Ibelievehemusthavehadanaccident；otherwisehe____________________(arrive)ontime.hadbeen

(should)besettledwouldhavearrived④Ifit____________________________(rain)tomorrow，theywouldnotgooutforapicnic.⑤Ifyou____________(take)myadvice，youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.shouldrain/weretorain/rained

hadtaken解题策略情态动词和虚拟语气解题“两注意”注意一：若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词。注意二：一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等，特别是注意虚拟语气中的时态。判断虚拟语气，除了常见的if虚拟条件句，还应注意其他常搭配虚拟语气的句型。考点分层演练层级一基础达标练单句语法填空1．Itisthefirsttimethatmyson__________(meet)ZhongNanshan，therenownedChines