新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第二册Unit1ScienceAndScientists课件

选择性必修第二册UNIT1

SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS(主题语境：人与社会——人物情况)必备知识•夯基固本核心考点·精讲层练关键能力·演练提升教材经典·文本回扣必备知识•夯基固本Ⅰ.立体巧记单词A.识记法填空1._________adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的2.____________

vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费

)3.__________

vt.&

vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4.________

vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责5._________n.把手；拉手；柄

vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)；(用手)触碰severesubscribesuspectblamehandle6._______n.联系；纽带

vt.把……连接起来；相关联7.___________n.减少；降低；减少量

vt.&

vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低8.____________

vt.使改观；使改变形态

vi.改变；转变9.___________n.思想；思维；见解10.__________n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决11.__________adj.最初的；开始的；第一的12.________adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n.固体

linkdecrease

transformthinkingfindinginitialsolid13._______

vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷14._________n.阴影；影子；背光处15._______

vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)16._____________n.领导；领导地位；领导才能17.________

vt.追溯；追踪；查出n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹18.______________adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的19.___________adj.抽象的；理性的n.(文献等的)摘要20.__________n.概念；观念

castshadowpourleadershiptraceoutstandingabstractconcept21.__________prep.除……之外(还)

adv.而且；此外22.____________adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的23.______________adv.此外；再者24.________n.弱点；过错25.________n.改变；转换；轮班

vi.&

vt.转移；挪动；转向

besidesbrilliantfurthermorefaultshift26.contradictoryadj.__________________________________27.germn.________________________28.pumpn.________________________29.waterpump__________30.householdn.__________________________________________31.rawadj.______________________________________32.statisticn.[pl.]________________________[pl.]____________33.microscopen.____________相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的微生物；细菌；病菌泵；抽水机；打气筒水泵一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的统计数字；统计资料统计学显微镜34.proteinn.____________35.celln.____________________________36.virusn.__________37.frameworkn.________________38.theoreticalframework______________39.rainbown.__________40.concreten.___________adj.________________________________蛋白质细胞；小房间；单间牢房病毒框架；结构理论框架彩虹混凝土混凝土制的；确实的；具体的41.mechanicn.________________________42.missilen.__________43.astronomern.______________44.telescopen.____________机械师；机械修理工导弹天文学家望远镜B.构词法拓展1._____________adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→__________

vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→______________n.沮丧；懊恼；挫败2._____________

n.感染；传染→__________

vt.使感染；传染→______________

adj.感染的；传染的3.________

n.证据；证明；检验→________

vt.证明

________v.证明是4.___________adj.数量多的；多种多样的→___________

vi.&

vt.乘；繁殖frustratedfrustratefrustrationinfectioninfectinfectiousproofproveprovemultiplemultiply5._____________

n.介入；出面；干涉→___________

vi.干扰；介入6._______adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→_________adv.完全地；纯粹地→_________

vt.净化；使……洁净7._____________

adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→____________n.物质；物品；事实基础；根据8._________

vt.保卫；防守；辩解→__________________n.防御；保卫；保护interventionintervenepurepurelypurifysubstantialsubstancedefenddefense/defence9.____________n.助理；助手→_________

vt.&

vi.帮助；协助→_____________n.帮助；协助；援助10._________adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→_______n.礼物；天赋11._________adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→___________adv.稳定地；持续地12.________adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→__________adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地assistantassistassistancegiftedgiftsteadysteadilyvividvividlyC.应用法塑能1.(2022·全国乙卷)Engineersarenowworkingonanew__________(概念)：theraildronesofthefuture.2.(2022·全国甲卷)Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourand____________(绝妙的)livemusic，youshouldstarthere.3.(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)RegisteronlineorfilloutaGroupPlayRegistrationFormwith___________(数量多的)dateandstarttimeoptions.conceptbrilliantmultiple4.(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterand_______(泵送)alotmorebloodduringexercise.5.(朗文当代)OppositionleaderswillbewatchingcarefullytoseehowthePrimeMinister__________(处理)thecrisis.6.(2022·全国乙卷)Theysuffered_________(十分严重的)hardships.7.(剑桥高阶)_______(倒出)thehoneyintothebowlandmixitthoroughlywiththeotheringredients.pumphandlesseverePour8.(天津卷)Ilikedfacts，thingsthatareconcrete.Ithoughtanything___________(抽象的)lefttoomuchroomforargument.9.(剑桥高阶)__________(最初的)reportssaythatsevenpeoplehavedied，thoughthishasnotyetbeenconfirmed.10.(朗文当代)Joelistened，__________(shift)uncomfortablyfromonefoottoanother.11.Withsolid________，thelawyercancertainly________thatheisinnocent.(prove)abstractInitialshiftingproofprove12.Hewas___________withan_____________diseaseandtheserious____________likelyclaimedhislife.(infect)13.He，an___________，cametomy____________；thatistosay，he___________meinfinishingtheimpossibletaskontime.(assist)14.To_________herfrombeinghurt，Imustsaysomethinginher__________.(defend)15.LangLangisa_________pianistandhehasagreat_______forplayingthepiano.(gift)infectedinfectiousinfectionassistantassistanceassisteddefenddefencegiftedgift16.Ioftengot____________inthisjobandtheconstant_____________almostmademequitthejob.(frustrate)17.With________policies，thecompany'sexportshavebeenincreasing___________.(steady)18.Theproblemliesindecidingwhento__________.The____________willhelpsettletheproblem.(intervene)frustratedfrustrationsteadysteadilyinterveneinterventionⅡ.语境助记短语A.写准记牢1.___________________最终地；彻底地2._______________同意；赞同3.____________幸亏；由于4.____________(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发

onceandforallsubscribetothankstobreakout5._______________主管；掌管6.____________患(病)；染上(小病)7.____________最重要的是；尤其是8.___________死于9.__________及时；迟早10._______________________很可能做某事

inchargeofcomedownabovealldiefromintimebelikelytodosth.B.语境运用1.(朗文当代)Maxishardworking，cheerful，and____________honest.2.(剑桥高阶)Ourintentionistodestroytheiroffensivecapability___________________.3.(剑桥高阶)Frank________________thebeliefthathumankindnesswouldovercomeevil.4.(朗文当代)Fighting____________betweendemonstratorsandthepolice.aboveallonceandforallsubscribedtobrokeout5.(剑桥高阶)IleftJack_______________thesuitcasewhileIwenttogetthetickets.6.(剑桥高阶)She___________hunger/cancer/aheartattack/herinjuries.7.(2020·天津卷)Whilelibrariesstillloanout(出借)books，you'llfinditeasiertogetacopyofwhateveryou'relookingfor，____________acooperativenetworkofarealibraries.inchargeofdiedfromthankstoⅢ.仿写速记句式A.原句译背1.until引导的时间状语从句Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.__________________________________________________________________________________________在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。

2.so...that...如此……以至于……Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.______________________________________________________________________________3.that引导的宾语从句Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.________________________________他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。

斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。

4.Itseemedthat...似乎……Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.__________________________________________________________________________5.have＋宾语＋宾语补足语Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.________________________________________________________该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。

因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。

6.形容词短语作状语Mostpeoplearefamiliarwithimagesofhiminhiswheelchair，unabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.______________________________________________________________________大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。

B.仿写美句1.Iwouldwait_________________________________.我会等到他来帮我。2.(剑桥高阶)Thefilm'splot_____________________Icouldn'tfollowit.这部电影的故事情节是如此复杂以至于我看不懂。untilhecametomyassistancewassocomplexthat3.____________________________________fromreadingtheEnglishnewspaperYouth.我认为我从读英文报Youth中获益良多。4._________________________________________solvingthemathproblem.似乎我们很难解出这个数学题。5.Hewasfrightenedtodeath，________________________.他吓得要死，不能挪动一步。IthinkthatIhavebenefitedalotItseemedthatwehadgreatdifficultyunabletomoveaninch教材经典·文本回扣JohnSnowbecame______________(frustrate)whenaseverecholerahitEuropeintheearly19thcentury.Atthattimenooneknew_______topreventortreatcholera.___________，heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Aftermuchresearch，Snowsubscribedtothetheorythatcholera______________(cause)byan_____________(infect)fromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowbeganby___________(mark)onamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.As_____result，JohnSnowwasableto1.frustrated2.how3.However4.wascaused5.infection6.marking7.aannouncethatthepumpwater________(carry)choleragerms.____________(according)，hehadthehandleofthepump____________(remove)sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention，thediseasewasdefeated.8.carried9.Accordingly10.removed核心考点·精讲层练1.blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.指责；责备(1)betoblame(forsth.)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备blamesb.forsth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人puttheblameforsth.onsth.把某事归咎于某事blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事(2)taketheblame承担过错表示某人该受责备时，常用主动形式sb.betoblame表示被动意义。单句填空夯基①(全国Ⅲ卷)Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning，andputtheblame_____thealarmclock.②I'mnotgoingtositaroundandtake______blameforamistakehemade.③_________(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork，Alicewasinlowspirits.④(朗文当代)Officialsbelievethatmorethanonepersonmaybe___________(blame)forthefire.ontheBlamedtoblame写作运用提能⑤Whengettingalongwithothers，weshouldn'talways___________________________.Afterall，manytimes_____________________.Soinsteadof_________________，weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers'place.当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(话题写作之人际交往)blameothersformistakeswearealsotoblameblamingothers2.decreasen.减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低(1)decreaseto...减少到……decreaseby...减少了……decreasefrom...to...从……减少到……(2)onthedecrease正在减少ontheincrease正在增加单句填空夯基①______________(decrease)theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment，moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.②Thenumberofpeopleaged50andunderwilldecrease_____30%duringthetime.Todecreaseby写作运用提能③Becauseofhumanactivities，thenumberofsomerareanimals____________________________________.由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。(decrease)isonthedecrease/isdecreasing3.transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变transformsb./sth.改变/转化某人/某物o...使……变成……betransformedo...由……变成……单句填空夯基①Theirjointeffortshavetransformedthebaldhill_______onecoveredwithgreentrees.②______________(transform)intoafrogbythewitch(巫婆)，theprincewasdrivenoutofthecastle.intoTransformed写作运用提能③Yourgeneroushelp__________________________________________________________________________.您的慷慨帮助将我的第一次美国之旅变成了一个难忘的回忆。transformed/turnedmyfirstAmericantripintoanunforgettablememory4.defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解(1)defend...against/from(doing...)保护……免受……defendoneself自卫；为自己辩护(2)defenc(s)en.防御；保卫；保护indefence(of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护inone'sdefence为某人辩护单句填空夯基①Thelawallowspeopletodefendthemselves_______________acharge.②Theassistantsteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasif_____defence.from/againstin写作运用提能③Seeingthefiercesnake，___________________________________.(defend)→Seeingthefiercesnake，____________________________________________.(defence)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)herushedtodefendhissonlikeanarrowherushedindefenceofhissonlikeanarrow5.comedown(with...)染上；得了(……病)；患(病)comeacross(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解comeabout发生(无被动形式)comeon加油；到来；得了吧comeout出版；结果是；(花)开放comeup走近；上来；被提出comeupwith提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)whenitcomesto...当谈及……单句填空夯基①Aboveall，tellmehowtheaccidentcame________immediately.②Myassistant'sfirstnovelcame______，whichmademeproudofhim.③Shecame_______withthissummerflueveryone'sgettingandwenthomebeforeIgotin.④(牛津高阶)Hespokeforalongtimebuthismeaningdidn'treallycome_________.aboutoutdownacross写作运用提能⑤___________________(当谈及)Englishlearning，Ihavethefollowingpracticalsuggestionstoshare.Firstly，whenyou______________(遇见)unfamiliarwords，don'talwaysrefertothedictionary.Furthermore，whenteachers'questions__________(被提及)inclass，youshouldtryto_______________(想出)answers.Lastly，ifyoufail，youmustsaytoyourself，“__________(加油)！”(应用文写作之建议信)WhenitcomestocomeacrosscomeupcomeupwithComeon6.aboveall最重要的是；首先；尤其是afterall毕竟；终究firstofall首先；第一allinall整体说来；总而言之inall全部；合计atall(否定句)一点也(不)；(疑问句)到底；究竟单句填空夯基①Thankstoyourtimelyandgeneroushelp，Imanagedtohandlethefourproblems_____all.用all的相关短语填空提能②TheuniversityIrecommendtoyouisBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity.______________________，you'dbetterlearnsomebasicChinesebeforeyoucome.____________，youwillbeundercompletelyunfamiliarcircumstances.______________，studyingforadegreeinadifferentcultureisnoteasy_________.(应用文写作之推荐信)inFirstofall/AboveallAfterallAllinallatall7.Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。(1)由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。(2)倒装结构：部分倒装“Notuntil＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。(3)强调结构：Itis/wasnotuntil＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。单句填空夯基①Iwouldkeepworkingonthefarm________Iearnedenoughmoneytohelpmyfatherbuyanewtractor.写作运用提能②(此题已删，给您带来的不便，请广大师生谅解。)(2022·全国乙卷，书面表达)_____________________________________________________________________________正是口语能力使我们能够与他人交流。untilIt'sthespeakingcapabilitythatenablesustocommunicatewithothers.②Iwasn'tawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened___________________________________.(not...until)→_____________________________________________________badfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(倒装句)→________________________________________________________badfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(强调句)直到我经历了这场事故，我才意识到坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)untilIexperiencedtheaccidentNotuntilIexperiencedtheaccidentwasIawarethatItwasnotuntilIexperiencedtheaccidentthatIwasawarethat8.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。(1)so...that...句型的常见形式：so＋adj./adv.＋that...so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that...so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...(2)such...that...句型的常见形式：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that...such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...当so/such...放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。单句填空夯基①Itisnormalfor_______littleboystoeat_____littlefood，sodon'tblamethem.suchso写作运用提能②Hewas________________hefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.→______________________hefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.(用倒装句改写)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)③___________________________________，soIamspeciallywritingtocongratulateyou.你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我专门写信祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)sonervousthatSonervouswashethatYouhavemadesuchgreatprogress9.Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。havesth.done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事havesb.dosth.让某人做某事havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态can'thavesb.doingsth.不能容忍某人做某事havesth.todo有某事要做单句填空夯基①(2022·全国甲卷)Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevels______(cut)bymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.②(2020·天津卷)Thedancer'sincredibleperformancehadtheaudienceonitsfeet___________(clap)for10minutesattheendoftheshow.③Ourheadteachercan'thaveus__________(waste)ourtime.Evenifwehavefinishedourhomework，healwayshasus_______(read)classicstowidenourhorizons.cutclappingwastingread写作运用提能④(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)Webegantohelppickpeachesandthen____________________________________________.我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。⑤Iamterriblysorryfor_____________________________________，because_____________________________________justnow.我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文写作之道歉信)hadthemdeliveredtothefarmers'houses

havingyouwaitingformeforsolongIhadanurgentthingtoattendto关键能力·演练提升Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练1.handleA．vt.处理B．v.操纵C．n.把手D．vt.(用手)触、碰、拿(1)Don'thandlethevaseasifitweremadeofsteel.____(2)Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsandjudgingspeedanddistance.____(3)TeainChinawastraditionallydrunkfromcupswithouthandles.____(4)Wemustlearntohandleconflictscalmlyandwisely.____DBCA2.subscribeA．vi.订阅B．vi.赞成；同意C．vi.捐助(1)Hesubscribestotheviewthatwecantacklethesevereprobleminthiswayonceandforall.____(2)Thisistheschooltheoutstandingandpatrioticscientistsubscribedtogenerouslyinthepast.____(3)UsingthemoneyIearnedintheholiday，Ihavesubscribedtomultiplemagazinesrecently.____BCA3.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Theresearchlackssolidproof，andtherefore，itsconclusionsaredoubtful.____________(2)It'smyturntobeonthenightshift.__________(3)Hereadthroughthepapersandmadeanabstractoftheircontents.__________可靠的轮班摘要Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.(2022·全国甲卷)Thatway，therewouldalwaysbepeoplehere____________(handle)customerinquiries，phonecalls，andsoon.2.(2022·浙江1月卷)Theageofelectricityiscloselylinked_______thesteamage.3.(2021·全国甲卷)Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthe____________(defend)equipmentatthewall，wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory！tohandlewithdefensive4.(2021·全国乙卷)People____________________(pour)intostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.5.(柯林斯词典)Thomascame_______withchickenpox(水痘)attheweekend.6.(朗文当代)IwasstilllivinginLondonwhenthewarbroke______.7.(牛津高阶)Theauthoritiesnolongersubscribe_____theviewthatdisabledpeopleareunsuitableasteachers.havebeenpouringdownoutto8.(朗文当代)Averagehousepricesdecreased_____13%lastyear.9.(2022·全国乙卷)____________(initial)thesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.10.(2022·全国乙卷)Our___________(find)suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.byInitiallyfindingsⅢ.句篇写作增分话题写作之人物介绍—我国航天事业的先驱：钱学森1._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________钱学森于1911年12月11日出生在浙江一个富裕的家庭，他才华横溢，小时候被认为是一个“天才”男孩。(household；brilliant；gifted)

BornintoawealthyhouseholdonDecember11,1911，ZhejiangProvince，QianXuesenwassobrilliantthathewasregardedasa“super-gifted”boyinhischildhood.2._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________淞沪会战爆发两年后，他从上海交通大学毕业，前往美国深造。他在那里获得了博士学位。(breakout；graduatefrom)3.____________________________________________________________