初中英语现在完成时

现在完成时讲解与练习如果你想说“我已经看过某部电影，所以不想看了"、“某人曾经做过什么事情”等等，该如果表达呢？首先请看下面的句子：Ihaveseenthefilm.Idon,twanttoseeitagain.这部电影我已经看过，不想再看了。Haveyouansweredallthequestions?所有的问题你都回答了吗？Haveyoueverlookedatatravelbrochure?你看过旅游宣传册吗？ShehasnevervisitedtheUSA.她从没有过去美国。观察：以上句子的谓语动词的一个共同特点是 ,用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响。我们把这种时态称为“现在完成时”。一、 现在完成时的概念。①现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动假存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。Shehasboughtacar她买了一辆车。Shehasarrived.她到了。②表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。We'veknowneachothersincewewerechildren.(我们从小就认识。)IhavebeenamemberofthePartyfor10years.二、构成：”助动词have,has+过去分词”现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以Work为例)：人称-LEʌ士目TE 否定 疑问 回答 第一人称IhaveseentheUFWehavetravelledaroundtheworld.ɑ.haven,tseentheUFO.Wehaven,ttravelledaroundtheworld.HaveyouseentheUFO?Haveyoutravelledaroundtheworld?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven,t.Yes,wehave./No,wehaven,t.第二人称YouhavebeentoEngland.Youhaven,tbeentoEngland.HaveyoubeentoEngland?Yes,I/wehave.No,I∕wehaven,t.第三He/ShehasbeentoHe/Shehasn,tbeentoHashe/shebeentoYes,he/shehas.人称Beijing.Beijing.Beijing?No, he/shehasn,t.TheyhavegivenTheyhaven,tgivenHavetheygivenconcertsallovertheconcertsallovertheconcertsallovertheYes,theyhave.world.world.world?No,theyhaven,t.注：规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去是相同，不规则动词的过去分词见附表。练.把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。havedonemyhomework.否定句： 一般疑问句： 回答： 2.Theplanehasarrived.否定句： 一般疑问句： 回答： 三、现在完成时用法归纳.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成，对现在造成的影响和结果。（此种用法谓语动词用短暂性动词）如：Theplanehasarrived.常用的UF状语和副词：already（已经）用于肯定句中，通常放⅛⅛αve∕/IqS与过去分词之间如：Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.ye”还，仍然，已纷用于否定句和疑问句的荷不如：Hasshefinishedcookingyet?他做完饭了吗？练：Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.（变为否定句）ever（曾经），句中，多用于疑问句如：HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?never（从不）,本身否定before（以前），句尾，独立用JUSt（刚刚），用于肯定句中，常用在助动词和过去分词之间。如：Ihavejustheardthenews.我刚刚听到消息。.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，可能延续到将来的动作和状态。常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。如：for+一段时间：fortwohourssince+时间点：since1999,sincelastyearsince+一段时间+ago=for+一段时间sincetwodaysago= UPtonoW,tillnow,,sofar（至IJ目前为止）inthepasttwoyears,inthelastfewdaysrecently,lately（最近）如：MissZhaohastaughtmathforfiveyears.Hismotherhasworkedintheshopsince1990.TheGreenshavelivedinLondonsincethreeyearsago.[⅛]:其中在a,b,c,d这四种结构中，谓语动词必须为延续性动词。如：Ihave如dthisbookforOneandahalfyears.（这本书我已买了一年半了不能用buy用since和for填空）1.twoyears3.lastmonth5.yesterday74hours9.wewerechildren2.twoyearsago4.19996.4o,clock8.anhourago10.lunchtime11.shelefthereHehaslivedinNanjingtheyearbeforelast.Fveknownhimwewerechildren.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanesethreeyears.Shehasbeenawayfromthecityabouttenyears.4.短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用。英语中的短暂性动词，也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词，只表示一时的动作，不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常见的短暂性动词有:go,come,leave,find,buy,arrive,give,stop,join,marry,die,begin,start,borrow,close,open,lend等。eg.Ihaveboughtthisbookforthreemonths.(×)非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法：(1)将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。leave-beawayfrom

join-beinbuy-havedie-bedeadborrow-keep

open-beopenclose-beclosed

begin/start-beon(电影开始)

go-betherefinish-beover

join-beincomeback-beback(2)时间状语的变化：把表时间的状语“for…”变为“数词+时间名词+ago”的短语形式。(即：将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时)如：他离开济南三年了。HehasleftJi,nanforthreeyears.( )HehasbeenawayfromJi,nanforthreeyears.HeleftJi,nanthreeyearsago.例如：Theyborroweditlastweek.Theyitsince.Iboughtapentwohoursago.Iapenfor.havebeento/havegoneto/havebeenin三种结构的区别havebeento曾经去过某地(现已离开)，可以与ever,never,once,twice等连用。hasgoneto去某地了，现在还未回来。此句型一般用于第三人称。havebeenin表示已在某地呆了多久，若该地为小地方则用at。句末常有for+一段时间或SinCe+时间点翻译：你以前去过北京吗？ 吉姆已经去了伦敦。 格林一家在中国已经两年了O6.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：(1)侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。如：YesterdayIwenttothezoo.(仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关)LiLeihasreadthebook.(说明李磊了解那本书的内容)(2)连用的时间状语不同：一般过去时常与ago,yesterday,last...,in2000,justnow等连用o而现在完成时与already,yet,still,just,sofar,inthelast/past...,before,ever,never,since...,for...等时间状语连用。［注］现在完成时不可与yesterday,lastWeek,twodaysago等过去时间状语连用。现在完成时练习【基础巩固】一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.1already(see)thefilm.I(see)itlastweek..he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet..Myfatherjust(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow..Where7sLiMing?He(go)totheteacher,soffice..1(work)heresinceI(move)herein1999.SofarI(make)quiteafewfriendshere.HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.just(finish)myhomework.He(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.you(find)yoursciencebookyet?Ifit(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.Thestudents(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.Look!Themonkey(climb)thetree.Mymother(come)toseemenextSunday.I'velostmypen.you(see)itanywhere?二、句型转换1.1havebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句)IbeentoMacaubefore.Hehasn'tcometoschoolbecausehe'sill.(就戈U线部分提问)hecometoschool?HehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.(就划线部分提问) learnedEnglish?4.1boughtanewbikejustnow.(用just改写)Ijustanewbike.5.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)WeEnglishthreeyears.【能力提升】I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。Haveyouever(take)atrain?She,s(live)hereeversinceshewasten.Haveyou(make)friendswithyournewclassmatesyet?I(have)mylunchandΓmnothungrynow.Jimhasneverseenapanda,he?We(be)goodfriendssincewemetatschool.Wecan'tfindhimanywhere.PerhaPS(也许)he(go)home.He(read)thebookbefore.Mr.Green(teach)usalotaboutsocialstudiessinceSeptember.Inever(meet)hersisterbefore..用for或since填空。JillhasbeeninBeijingMonday.JillhasbeeninBeijingthreedays.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia15days.Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere7o'clock.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry1974.Thebusislate.We'vebeenwaiting20minutes.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.III,用括号中动词的适当形式填空：he(wait)foranhouryet?I(notfinish)theworkyet.you(know)himsincethen?I(hear)frommyfatherrecently.We(be)theremanytimesduringthepastthreeyears.Howlongyou(stay)athome?She(notread)thebookbefore.Ijust(do)it.Mysister(walk)toschooleverydaylastyear.Hermother(go)toShanghai.She(leave)thismorning.IV.选择填空( )1、WhereisMissGao?ShetoShanghai.A.cameB.hasbeenC.hasgoneD.Comes( )2.Johntothespacemuseumthree.A.havebeen,timeB.havebeen,timesC.hasbeen,timeD.hasbeen,times( )3、HaveyoumetMrLi?A.JustB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago( )4、Hergrandfatherfortwoyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendeadD.hasbeendied( )5、It'ssixweeksImetyoulasttime.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.for( )6、ZhaoLanalreadyinthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying（ ）7、WeXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.know B.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew（ ）8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.Iittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.saw D.see（ ）9、—Thesefarmershav