中国海上风电发展前景及展望

The

Review

and

Prospect

of

Offshore

Wind

Development

in

China中国海上风电发展回顾与展望主要内容

Contents

中国海上风电发展状况Offshore

Wind

Development

Status中国海上风电开发建设管理流程Offshore

Wind

Development

Regulatory

Requirements

in

ProjectApproval

and

Construction

Management

中国海上风电发展前景展望Offshore

Wind

Development

Prospect结束语End一、发展状况

Status1、海上风能资源丰富，具备大规模发展海上风电的资源条件。Abundant

offshore

wind

resources

provides

possibility

of

largescale

offshore

wind

projects

development根据中国气象局风能资源详查初步成果：According

to

the

preliminary

offshore

wind

resource

survey

of

CMA:5～25米水深、50米高度风电可装机容量约2亿千瓦；

200GW

potential

in

50m

height

and

5~25m

water

depth;5～50米水深、70米高度风电可装机容量约5亿千瓦。

500GW

potential

in

70m

height

and

5~50m

water

depth;一、发展状况

Status2、开发建设了一批海上风电示范项目，为今后大规模发展海上风电积累经验Experiences

gained

by

some

pilot

offshore

wind

project目前，已建海上风电装机142.5MW，初步具备了海上风电设计、施工及设备制造的能力。其中：The

cumulative

installed

offshore

capacity

added

up

to

142.5MW

and

preliminaryexperiences

of

design,

construction

and

offshore

wind

turbine

manufacturing

are

gained.华锐3MW，金风1.5MW和2.5MW，上海电气2MW，明阳1.5MW和3MW，海装2MW，三一电气2MW，联合动力1.5MW，远景能源1.5MW等8个厂家共54台机组有海上风电运行业绩。Now

Sinovel

3MW,

Goldwind

1.5MW/2.5MW,

SEC

2MW,

Mingyang

1.5MW/3MW,

CSIC

2MW,Sanyi

2MW,

UP

1.5MW

and

Envision

1.5MW

added

up

to

totally

54

wind

turbines

from

8different

manufactures.一、发展状况

Status中国海上风电历年新增和累计装机容量变化图The

annual

newly

installed

and

cumulative

capacity

of

offshore

wind

in

China一、发展状况

Statusrdst

nd

thth一、发展状况

Status3、培养了一批专业队伍，为国家开发建设海上风电打下较坚实基础Capacity

building

for

the

future

solid

development

of

offshore

wind

projects施工方面。目前有10多家施工单位介入海上风电施工，其中：Now

more

than

10

construction

companies

are

involved

in

the

offshore

wind

projects:中交第三航务局、南通海洋水建等有承担海上风电施工经验。China

Communication

Construction

3

company

and

Nantong

Oceanic

Construction

company

have

theexperience

of

main

contractor

in

offshore

wind

projects

construction.中交第一、二、四航务局等有以主要设备参与海上风电施工经验。China

Communication

Construction

1

,

2

and

4

companies

have

the

experience

of

sub-contractor

inoffshore

wind

projects

construction.中海洋石油、江苏电建、江苏海建、天津港航、上海电建、上海港务、水电八局、中铁大桥、三一、葛洲坝、道达重工等单位，有的海洋施工比较熟悉，有的具有大型海上施工设备，有的加强海上施工技术研究。CNNOP,

Jiangsu

Electric

Construction,

Jiangsu

Oceanic

Construction,

Tianjin

Harbor

Constrction,Shanghai

Electric

Constrction,

Shanghai

Harbor,

SinoHydro

8

company,

Sanyi，Gezhouba

group

andDaoda

also

have

rich

experience

in

marine

projects.一、发展状况

Status勘测设计方面：华东院、中南院、西北院和上海院，从规划到前期、施工，配备了专业队伍，加强了科技投入研究，参与了标准技术制定，具备了海上风电专业勘测设计能力。HYDROCHINA

Huadong,

HYDROCHINA

Zhongnan,

HYDROCHINA

Xibei

and

Shanghai

Designinstitute

are

the

main

actors

in

offshore

wind

project

design

and

consulting.

They

havegreatly

involved

in

the

offshore

wind

project

development

by

attending

the

technicalstandards

discussion

and

R&D

projects.开发建设方面：以五大电源企业、中广核、国华、三峡为主，加上地方能源投资企业，开发建设了大小不一的海上风电项目，并积极推进一批大型海上风电项目预可研、可研阶段的前期工作。The

Giant

5

Electric

Power

Companies,

CGNPC,

Guohua,

Three

Gorges

Company

and

somelocal

investment

companies

formulate

the

developer

group

of

offshore

wind

projects,

ofwhich

the

pre=feasibility

studies

and

feasibility

studies

are

finished.专业队伍的初步建立和形成，将有力推进全国海上风电开发建设。All

these

stakeholders

have

built

up

their

preliminary

capacity

and

thuspromote

the

healthy

development

of

offshore

projects.一、发展状况

Status4、初步建立了海上风电标准体系，规范和指导海上风电开发建设The

Technical

Standards

Frame,

Insure

the

solid

wind

development管理方面

Management

Issues出台了《海上风电开发建设管理暂行办法》

(国能新能

[2010]29号，2010年1月22日国家能源局和海洋局联合发布）<Temporary

Management

Method

for

Offshore

Wind

Project

Development>

has

beenpublished

by

NEA

and

NOA

in

2010.将要出台《海上风电开发建设管理实施细则》(国家能源局和海洋局联合制定)<The

Detailed

Management

Rules

for

Offshore

Wind

Project

Development>

is

going

tobe

published

by

NEA

and

NOA

soon.一、发展状况

Status技术方面

Technical

Issues制定了4项标准：包括规划、预可研、可研、施工组织设计4

technical

standards

have

been

published

covering

planning,

pre-feasibility

study,feasibility

study

and

construction

design.正在编制7项标准：包括风能资源测量及海洋水文观测、风电机组地基基础、防腐蚀、工程概算定额、设计概算编制规定及费用标准、安全预评价、安全验收评价7

technical

standards

will

be

published

soon

including

wind

resource

and

oceaniccondition

monitoring

and

assessment,

offshore

wind

turbine

foundation,

corrosion,project

norm,

cost

estimation,

safety

assessment,

safety

acceptance.一、发展状况

Status5、组织海上风电特许权招标，为海上风电规模化发展进行有益探索Concession

Projects:

Lessons

and

Experiences

for

future

large

scaleddevelopment江苏四个海上特许权招标项目总规模100万千瓦，为今后大规模发展海上风电制定电价政策及管理机制进行有益探索。其中，江苏滨海近海30万kW电价为0.7370元/kW.h,射阳近海30万kW电价为0.7047元/kW.h,

东台潮间带20万kW电价为0.6235元/kW.h,大丰潮间带20万kW电价为0.6396元/kW.h。The

total

capacity

of

4

concession

project

in

Jiangsu

is

1GW.

The

concession-construction

is

the

necessary

method

to

a

suitable

management

and

feed-in-tariff

scheme.The

awarded

feed-in-tariff

are:

0.7370

RMB/kW.h

for

Binhai

300MW

project,

0.7047RMB/kW.h

for

Sheyang

300MW

project,

0.6235

RMB/kW.h

for

Dongtai

200MW

project,

0.6396RMB/kW.h

for

Dafeng

200MW

project

。海冰、海浪(风暴潮)、潮位，航道

Sea

ice,

wave,

tidal,

ship

navigation台风、盐雾、覆冰，空中航道(起落附近)、雷

达影响范围Typhoon,

salty

air,

ice,

aircraft

navigation,

radar,

etc二、开发建设管理Regulatory

Requirements茫茫大海，看似

到处可建海上风1

、海上风电需要考虑因素(技术+管理)

The

factors

(technical

and

management)电……It

seems

to

be

candidateoffshore

windsites空中Atmosphereeverywhere

onthe

sea……水面Sea

Surface洋流、潮流、海底冲刷和侵蚀、海洋生物、

盐分、海底地形及地质，管线Current,

Surge,

Scour,

Marine

lives,

Salt,

Sea

bed

contours

and

geological

conditions,

pipelines海洋功能区划、港口、码头、锚地、航道、

自然保护区等敏感海域、滩涂围垦及养殖、

军事用海、其他特殊用海，陆上交通与施工

拼装场地，技术难度Oceanic

Function

Planning,

Harbor,

Anchorage,

Sea

Route,

Nature

Reserve,

Breeding,

Military

and

other

Utilization,

the

Transportation

Requirements二、开发建设管理Regulatory

Requirements水下beneath

thesurface真正可建风电的海域有限，应加强管理，有效利用。其它The

efficientOthersutilization

ofoffshore

sites:the

availablearea

is

limited二、开发建设管理

Regulatory

Requirements全过程做好信息和资

料保密管理……

The

whole

processconfidentialrequirements2

、海上风电开发建设管理

Management

Issues规划Planning规划编制

:以省为单位进行，规划选定项目场址，确定开发布局。Planning

Compiling：The

provincial

based

siting

and

planning.规划审定

：省级职能部门把好关，国家能源局和海洋局组织水规院最终审定。Planning

Confirmed:

NEA

and

NOA

organize

HYDROCHINA

take

theappraisal

procedure

to

the

final

planning.前期○

前期工作安排

Early

Staged

Work

Proceduresarly

Stage省级能源部门征求省级海洋部门意见，拟定开展前期工作的项目和承担单位；Provincial

Energy

Authority

and

Oceanic

Authority

will

prepare

thecandidate

site

and

appoint

certain

organization

to

carry

out

the

technicalwork.报国家能源主管部门批准实施；Report

the

site

to

National

Energy

Authority

for

approval二、开发建设管理Regulatory

Requirements外

业勘查

Site

Survey测风塔设立

：县级海洋部门理海域使用权；工程区主管海事局批复通航安全评估报告，办理施工单位施工手续。Wind

Mast:

Sea

surface

utilizationapplication

goes

to

county

level

oceanic

authority,

sea

navigationassessment

goes

to

local

maritime

safety

authority.前期EarlyStage海洋水文测评：应由相应资质的单位进行。Oceanic

Condition:

A

certain

technical

classification

required.海图测量及地勘工作：方案征求县级海洋部门同意，现场测量前到工程区

主管海事局办理手续。Contour

map

and

geological

survey:

Plan

goes

to

county

leveloceanic

authority

and

procedure

needed

from

the

local

maritimesafety

authority

when

survey

is

conducted.○

预可行性研究工作Pre-feasibility

Study

预可研报告通过技术归口管理单位审查；Censored

by

National

Wind

Technical

Responsible

organization二、开发建设管理Regulatory

Requirements○

可行性研究工作Feasibility

Study预可研工作符合要求后，特许权项目通过特许权获取开发权，其余项目可进行可研阶段工作；After

the

approval

of

pre-feasibility

stage,

the前期project

could

go

to

concession

procedure

or

feasibility

study.arly

Stage由甲级勘测设计单位提出可研报告，并通过技术归口管理单位审查；TheClass

A

design

and

investigation

institute

provide

the

feasibilitystudy

report

and

National

Wind

Technical

Responsible

organizationwill

censor

the

report.开展用海(含海域使用论证)、环境影响评价、海缆路由、通航安全、安全预评价、接入电力系统等专题，并取得相关职能部门审查意见；The

seautilization

assessment,

EIA,

sea

cable

assessment,

maritime

safetyassessment,

grid-integration

reports

need

to

passed

by

specificauthorities

.开发企业编制项目申请报告，经省级能源投资主管部门初审后报国家能源投资主管部门核准。The

developer

compiles

the

project

applicationreport,

the

provincial

energy

authority

reviews

and

goes

to

national二、开发建设管理Regulatory

Requirements做好海域使用权报批手续，取得海域使用权证书；Sea

Utilization

License

from

Oceanic

Authority建设Construction落实环境保护和安全卫生设施措施；Environmental

protection

and

Safety

Requirements

need

to

be

fulfilled做好与省级电网公司接入电网配套设施建设的衔接工作；The

grid-integration

fits

the

provincial

grid

company’s

requirements按照电力调度和国家信息管理要求，落实信息化建设方案；the

developer

need

to

fulfill

the

regulate

and

dispatch

requirementsand

national

wind

data

regulatory

requirements办理施工手续，对施工质量负责;Responsible

for

construction

quality

and

send

constructionapplication

to

related

authority接受海洋行政主管部门的监督检查。The

oceanic

authority

will

supervise

the

project’s

constructionprocedure三、发展前景

Prospect1、开发建设海上风电的有利因素：Advantages

国家发展可再生能源的需求和重视；The

needs

for

renewable

energy

consumption资源丰富，具备开发条件；Abundant

wind

resource

and

construction

conditions接近负荷中心，电力消纳能力较强；Near

to

load

centre装备制造从无到有，研发制造能力不断提高；Ongoing

wind

turbine

manufacturing

capacity专业勘测设计、施工、建设队伍逐步形成；Investigation,

Design

and

Construction

capacity海上风电经济性不断提高。The

decreasing

cost

of

offshore

wind

project三、发展前景

Prospect2、开发建设海上风电需要重视的因素：The

key

elements海域综合利用，协调好各方用海;Overall

coordination

for

sea

utilization开发建设难度大，对设备制造、前期工作及施工建设需要重视；High

importance

of

manufacture、

design

and

construction开发建设和运行维护成本大，需要成规模的开发；Large

scale

development

to

decrease

the

O&M

cost