2021届高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习（五十三）含答案详解

2021高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习（五十三）

2019北京卷（D篇）

目录内容

第一部分高考真题试做

第二部分真题词块解析

第三部分模拟题训练

一：真题试做

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthanks

toawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生才勿）called

phytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreate

colourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthe

typeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktonin

someareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intothe

oceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,an

importantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerableto

theocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffect

phytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalso

nutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimate

modelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,

itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthat

currentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,such

asthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareas

willturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,"she

said,”butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging."

Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegin

todisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,"itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeableto

survive.HThosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.

Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoo

gradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges."It'llbeawhilebeforewe

canstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,nDutkiewicz

said,”butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwe

reallyhavechangedourplanet.H

42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.

B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.

C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.

D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.

43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vulnerableHinParagraph3probablymean?

A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.

44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.

B.Dutkiewicz^modelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.

C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.

D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.

B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.

C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.

D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.

参考答案：BADC

二：词块梳理

1:warming

英美［Wofmol

n.加温，升温

v.（使）变暖，被加热，暖和起来（warm的现在分词）；（使）变得更友

好，变得更可爱

双语例句

1.Application:warminghandbags,medicalproducts,commodityetc.

用途：制作暖手袋、医疗用品及日用品等.

2.Itiscosyfireonabitterlycoldwinternight,warmingtheheart.

友谊又如寒冷的冬夜中炽热的火焰，温暖了你的心灵.

3.Themilkiswarming（up）onthestove.

牛奶在炉子上热着呢.

2：climate

英Jklamot］美［klamot］

n.气候；氛围；形势

变形

复数：climates

双语例句

1.Coffeewillnotgrowinacoldclimate.

咖啡不能生长在寒冷的气候下.

2.Someplantswillnotseedinacoldclimate.

有些植物在寒冷的气候条件下不能结果实.

3.Hotclimateandplentifulrainfallfavourthegrowthofplants.

炎热的气候和充足的雨水有助于植物生长.

3：phenomenon

英［fohomnon］美［fohcrmnon］

n.现象；杰出的人

变形

复数：phenomena

双语例句

1.StudyMechanismresearchofthephenomenon,ofhydraulicshockinhydraulic

drivingreciprocatingpump.

对液压驱动往复泵冲击现象进行了机理研究.

2.ExpertssaytheElNinoisbecominganewphenomenoncalledtheLaNina.

据专家说，现在厄尔尼诺正转变成一个新的现象,叫做拉尼娜.

3.Thisphenomenonhasbeenobservedexperimentally.

这一现象进行过实验性观察.

4：marine

英[maHn]美[mJri：n]

adj.海洋的；海产的；海军的；海船的

n.海军陆战队士兵

变形

复数：marines

双语例句

l.AtwhichpointdidyougetintoaverbalaltercationwiththetwoMarine

captains?

在什么情况下你和两个海军陆战队上校发生了口角？

2.Pmamarineengineer.

我是船舶机械师.

3.TheleopardsealisoneoftheAntarcticfiercestmarinepredators.

豹海豹是北极最凶猛的海洋捕食者之一.

5：organism

英[6芍on匕om]美[bigon忆om]

n.有机体；生物体；微生物；有机体系，有机组织

变形

复数：organisms

双语例句

1.Thesenounsdenotethephysicalorganismofapersonorananimal.

这些名词都表示人或动物的身体组织.

2.Thecompletesetofgenesforanorganismiscalleditsgenome.

一个有机体的全套基因称为它的基因组.

3.Theymustalwayspointfromanorganismtoitsconsumerandnottheopposite

direction.

它一定要由一只生物指向它的消费者而不能指向相反方向.

6：colourful

英［kMofl］美［kAlarfl］

adj.颜色鲜艳的；有趣的；粗鲁的

双语例句

1.Natureismostcolourfulinautumn.

秋天，大自然的色彩最为丰富.

2.Herhopeistoleadacolourfullife.

她的愿望是过一种多姿多彩的生活.

3.Helaunchedoutintoacolourfuldescriptionofhisjourney.

他开始绘声绘色地叙述他的旅行见闻.

7：pattern

英Jpaetn］美［*p田tarn］

n.模式；范例；图案；模型；样品

v.构成图案；使形成

变形

过去分词：patterned

现在分词：patterning

过去式：patterned

复数：patterns

第三人称单数：patterns

双语例句

l.Jointhebluewoolontotheendofthegoldpatternandworkthesamestitches

intotheback.

在这金色图案边缘织上蓝毛线，在背面也用同样的方法来织.

2.Thechecksaresmallinthispattern.

这图案中的方格太小.

3.She'sapatternofallthevirtues.

她是一切美德的楷模.

8：concentration

英［konsnkre加］美［(ka：nsn品网

n.全神贯注；浓度；专注

变形

复数：concentrations

双语例句

l.Thecomputingmethodsofrainfallinputandrunoffflowconcentrationingrid

elementsarediscusseddeeply.

深入探讨了单元网格的降雨输入和产汇流计算方法.

2.Distillerywastewaterwastypicalorganicwastewaterwithhighammonia

concentration.

酿酒废水是一种典型的高氨氮浓度的有机废水.

3.Hehasgreatpowersofconcentration.

他注意力很集中.

9：fuel

英方u创美曲u@］

n.燃料；刺激物

v.刺激；加剧；加燃料

变形

过去分词：fuelled

现在分词：fuelling

过去式：fuelled

复数:fuels

第三人称单数：fuels

双语例句

l.Anewmethodoffuelinjectionwasdevelopedduringthewar.

一种新的注油方法在战争期间发展起来.

2.Thereisasevereshortageoffuel.

燃料严重短缺.

3.Wemusteconomizeonfuel.

我们必须节约燃料.

10：appearance

英［oborons］美［知也时

n.外表；（突然）到来，出现；问世；露面，演出，出庭；表现

变形

复数：appearances

双语例句

1.Theyaresimilarinappearance.

他们在外貌上相似.

2.Shewasverytense,butshepreservedanappearanceofnonchalance.

她内心很紧张，可外表却装着满不在乎的样子.

3.Processfbrtheirappearancehasbeendulyissued.

要他们出庭的传票已及时发出.

11：regulate

英Jregjulet］美［kegju16fl

v.控制；调节；管理

变形

过去分词：regulated

现在分词：regulating

过去式：regulated

第三人称单数：regulates

双语例句

l.Thissystemcanregulatethetemperatureoftheroom.

这种系统能调节室内温度.

2.Wewillprotectlawfulincomes,regulateexcessivelyhighincomesandban

illegalgains.

保护合法收入，调节过高收入，取缔非法收入.

3.Shiftingbarsareahazardtonavigationandexpensivetoregulate.

移动沙洲将危害通航，而且要花费资金进行整治.

12：trend

英［trend］美［trend］

n.趋势，倾向；规范，风尚

变形

复数：trends

双语例句

1.Therewasabullishtrendinthemarket.

市场行情有上涨趋势.

2.Theriseinviolentcrimeisadisturbingnewtrend.

暴力犯罪的上升是一种令人担忧的新趋势.

3.Thegeneraltrendunderheavenisthatthereisboundtobeunificationafter

prolongeddivisionanddivisionafterprolongedunification.

天下大势，分久必合，合久必分.

13：nutrient

英［hju：triont］美［hulriont］

n.营养物，营养品，养分，养料；滋养物

变形

复数：nutrients

双语例句

l.Mainsupplyflowerdiscmakesthenutrientthatupsidelaminamakesinthe

seedisformed.

中上部叶片制造的养分主要供给花盘促使种子形成.

2.Inmostwesterncountries,seriousnutrientdeficienciesarerare.

在大多数西方国家，严重的营养不良很少见.

3.Biomassandnutrientaccumulationofpoplarplantationonbeachlandin

YangtseRiverinAnhuiprovince.

与安徽长江滩地杨树人工林生物量和养分积累>>相似的文献.

14：multiple

英JmAltpl］美［〔mAltpl］

adj.多重的；多个的；复杂的；多功能的

n.倍数；［电工学］并联；连锁商店；下有多个分社的旅行社

变形

复数：multiples

双语例句

1.Multipleservicemanagementplansmaybeusedinplaceofonelargeplanor

programme.

多服务管理计划或许可以被用在大型计划或者编程的场合.

2.Amultiplecrashcanoftenbeseenonthatmotorway.

那条公路上的联环撞车事故很多.

3.Andthereisnosimplesingleormultiplefactorexplanationofdomesticor

internationalbusinessfluctuations.

有没有一个简单的单个或多个因素的解释是国内的还是国际商业波动的影

响.

15:survive

英［sJvaM］美［soJvaw］

v.生存，存活；幸存；艰难度过；比…活得久

变形

过去分词：survived

现在分词：surviving

过去式：survived

第三人称单数：survives

双语例句

l.Didanyonesurvivetheexplosion?

那次爆炸事故中有人幸免吗？

2.Someturnedtoprostitutioninordertosurvive.

有些人为了生存而开始卖身.

3.Someinfantileactionssurviveintoadulthood.

某些婴儿期的行为一直保持到成年期.

三：阅读训练

Thereismoreofaconnectionbetweenfoodandculturethanyoumaythink.On

anindividuallevel,wegrowupeatingthefoodofourculture.Itbecomesapartof

whoweare.Manyassociatefoodfromourchildhoodwithwarmfeelingsandgood

memoriesandittiesustoourfamily,holdingaspecialandpersonalvalueforus.

Foodfromourfamilyoftenbecomesthecomfortfoodweseekasadultsintimesof

frustrationandstress.

Onalargescale,traditionalfoodisanimportantpartofculture.Italsooperates

asanexpressionofcultureidentity.Immigrantsbringitwherevertheygo,anditisa

symbolofpridefortheircultureandmeansofcopingwithhomesickness.

Manyimmigrantsopentheirownrestaurantsandservetraditionaldishes.

However,thefooddoesnotremainexactlythesame.Somematerialsneededtomake

traditionaldishesmaynotbereadilyavailable,sothetasteandflavorcanbedifferent

fromwhattheywouldprepareintheirhomecountries.Additionally,immigrantsdo

notonlyselldishestopeoplefromthesamecountriesasthem,buttopeoplefrom

differentcountries.Therefore,theyhavetomakesmallchangesabouttheoriginal

dishestocatertoawiderrangeofcustomers.Thosechangescancreatenewflavors

thatstillkeeptheculturalsignificanceofthedishes.

Notonlyshouldweembraceourheritage（传统）throughourculture'sfoodbut

alsobecomemoreinformedaboutotherculturesbytryingtheirfood.Itisimportant

torememberthateachdishhasaspecialplaceintheculturetowhichitbelongs,and

isspecialtothosewhoprepareit.Foodisawindowintoculture,anditshouldbe

treatedassuch.

1.What'sthefunctionoffoodmentionedinthearticle?

A.lbhelpmotivatehomesickness.

B.Toshownationalidentity.