2021届高考英语词汇阅读打卡计划（Day 21）增强版

2021高考英语词汇阅读打卡计划（Day21）

增强版

-：词汇打卡复习

1：complicated/*kDmplikeitid/

adj.难懂的，复杂的

Thoughoff-puttinglycomplicatedindetail,localtaxesareinessencesimple.

虽然地税在细节上复杂得要命，但在本质上却很简单。

2：literary/,lit（9）（rg）ri/

adj.文学的；书面的；精通文学的

HebegantowriteliterarycompositionsinEnglish.

他开始用英文创作大量的文学作品。

【常用搭配】

literaryworks/reviews文学作品/评论

3：sympathy/^iinp^Oi/

n.[U]同情；慰问；赞同

Weexpressedoursympathyforherloss.

我们对她的损失表示了同情。

【常用搭配】

getsympathyfromsb.得到某人的同情

express/feelsympathyforsb.向某人表示体恤；对某人感到同情

insympathywith同情;赞成

【派生词】

sympatheticadj.同情的

4：ease/i:z/

n.[U]轻松，舒适；安逸，悠闲；

v.减轻，缓和；使安心；小心缓慢地移动

Hepassedtheexamwithease.

他轻而易举地通过了考试。

【常用搭配】

withease熟练地；不费力地

easeoneself使自己轻松

atease舒适；自由自在

【派生词】

easyadj.容易的

5：mood/mu:d/

n.[C]情绪，语气；心境；气氛

Hefacedthepress,initially,inasomewhatgloomymood.

他最初面对媒体时情绪有点忧郁。

【常用搭配】

agood/badmood好心情；心情不好

inthemood兴致勃勃

beinnomoodforsth./todosth.没有心情做某事

6：admire

Lvt.钦佩;赞美

2.vi.钦佩;称赞

:admirableadj.令人钦佩的；极好的；值得赞扬的

admiresv.欣赏；羡慕（admire的第三人称单数形式）；敬仰

greatlyadmire击节叹赏

secretadmirer暗恋者

admireat对…感到羡慕

admireforvt.赞赏

AdmiretheMoonlight月光慕情（钢琴曲）

respectandadmire尊重；信任

7：advance

vt.&vi.（使）前进,（使）发展;促进，提高，提升

vt.提出，提前，预付，贷（款项等）

n.前进，发展，改进，进步，增长，提高，借款，预付款，贷款

adj.预先的，在前的，预先做好的；预先供给的

时态：advanced,advancing,advances

名词:advancer

近义词：

[n.]changeoflocation,travel,transformation,transmutation,shift,suggestion,

proposition

[v.]travel,go,move,locomote,propose,suggest,advise

[adj.]early,

反义词：

[n.]recede,fallback,retire,back

[n.]middle,late,

解析：

advance:主要用于具体的人或物，也可指科学技术和运动等。

progress:指按某一既定目标前进，取得发展，目的性很明确，强调经常和稳定地

前进。

proceed:侧重指继续前进。

moveon:非正式用语，侧重从某一停止点向某地前进，但不表示前进的目的地。

go:最常用词，含义宽泛而不确切，依上文确定其具体意思。

8：witness

n.目击者;证人，证词；证据

vt.亲眼看见，目击，作证,证明，表示，说明

时态：witnessed,witnessing,witnesses

近义词：

[n.]perceiver,percipient,observer,beholder,speaker,talker,utterer

[v.]watch,experience,undergo,see,gothrough

解析：

look:侧看“重”的动作。

see:指看见。

watch:指用眼睛跟随某物，以便对每一个变化、运动等进行观察。

observe:侧重以客观的态度进行观察。

witness:指当场看见，亲眼看见。

9：evolution

n.演变;进化;发展

近义词:

[n.]process,physicalprocess,organicprocess,biologicalprocess

反义词：

fn.]degeneration,devolution

解析：

development:强调通过一系列自然过程或人工方法使某物潜在或隐藏的可能性显露

出来，得以实现。

evolution:侧重指事物由简到繁，由低级到高级的连续发展，强调变化或演变。

10：harvest

n.收获；产量；结果

vt.收割；得到

vi.收割庄稼

时态：harvested,harvesting,harvests

近义词：

[n.]output,yield,consequence,effect,outcome,result,event

[v.]gather,garner,collect,pulltogether,remove,take,takeaway

解析：

crop:普通用词，侧重指农作物一次收割或一季的收成。

harvest:主要指农作物或水果的收获量，有时也指收割的行为。

yield:指生产物，农作物的总产量。

11：infection/in^fekfn/

n.[C]感染；传染；影响；传染病

Exactlywhichbacteriacausetheinfectionisstillunknown.

到底是什么细菌引起的感染还不清楚。

12：staff/sta:f/

n.[C]&[U]全体职员，全体雇员，员工

Thebossisongoodtermswithhisstaff.

老板和他的员工相处得很好。

13：device/di'vais/

n.[C]装置；仪器；手段；策略

Thereportwasadeviceusedtohideratherthanrevealproblems.

这份报告不是揭露问题而是为掩盖问题而耍的花招。

【常用搭配】

mobiledevice移动设备，移动装置；行动装置

14：majority/ma'djDriti/

n.[C]多数

Themajorityofmypatientscometomefromoutoftown.

我的多数病人来自市区外。

【常用搭配】

majorityof大多数，大部分

ina/themajority占多数

vastmajority绝大多数

15：urge/3：dj/

vt.强烈要求；竭力主张；敦促；力劝；

n.[C]强烈愿望，冲动

Withaviewtofightingagainstcrimesonline,theauthorityhostedananti-piracyconcert

withover100popsingers,urgingfansnottobuypiratedmusicandmovies.

为了打击网上犯罪，该局与100多位流行歌手一起举办了一场反盗版音乐会，敦

促歌迷不要购买盗版音乐和电影

【常用搭配】

urgesb.todosth.敦促某人做某事

feel/haveanurge感觉/有一种冲动

二：阅读打卡复习

（一）

Peoplewithanimpulsivepersonalityrefertothosewhotendtodothingswithout

consideringthepossibledangersorproblemsfirst.Accordingtoanewstudybyresearchers

attheUniversityofGeorgia,suchpeoplemaybemorelikelytohavefoodaddiction.The

studyfoundthatpeopleexhibitingimpulsivebehaviorweren*tnecessarilyoverweight,but

impulsivenesswasrelatedtoadirectrelationshipwithfood,andtherefore,lesshealthy

weight.

Foodaddictionhasbeencomparedtoaddictivedruguse.Studieshavelinkedthe

dopamine（多巴胺）releasethatoccursaftertastingdeliciousfoodtothedopaminerelease

thathappenswhenpeopleconsumeotheraddictivesubstances.

Impulsivebehaviorinvolvesseveralpersonalitytraits（特点）.Twoofthesetraits,

knownasnegativeurgencyandlackofperseverance,wereparticularlyassociatedwithfood

addictionandhighBMI（身体质量指数）duringthestudy.

Negativeurgencyischaracterizedbythetendencytobehaveimpulsivelywhen

experiencingnegativeemotions.Somepeoplemightdrinkalcoholortakedrugs.Forothers,

itcouldmeaneatingtofeelbetter.Lackofperseveranceiswhenapersonhasahardtime

finishinghardorboringtasks.Peoplewithalackofperseverancemighthavedifficulty

attemptingtochangeaddictiveeatingbehavior,whichcouldalsocauseobesity.

^Impulsivenessmightbeonereasonwhysomepeopleeatinanaddictivewaydespite

motivationtoloseweight,“saidDr.AshleyGearhardt,aclinicalpsychologist.Hewas

involvedindevelopingtheYaleFoodAddictionScaleinaidofthosepeople."Weare

theorizingthatiffoodaddictionisreallyathing,thenourmeasure,theYaleFoodAddiction

Scale,shouldberelatedtohelpingcontrolimpulsiveaction,nsaidGearhardt.

ClinicalpsychologistDr.JamesMacKillop,whoselabwasconductingthestudy,

believesthattherapiesusedtotreataddictivedrugbehaviorcouldhelppeoplewhosuffer

fromaddictiveeatinghabits.

“Mostoftheprogramsforweightlossatthispointfocusonthemostobviousthings,

whichareclearlydietandexercise,vMacKillopsaid."Itseemsthatmanagingstrong

desirestoeatwouldnaturallyfitinwiththeskillsapersonwouldneedtoeathealthily.”

(1)AccordingtoParagraph1,theresultoffoodaddictionis.

A.lesshealthyweightB.motivationtoloseweight

C.negativeemotionsD.takingalcoholordrugs

(2)HowdoestheauthorintroducethetwopersonalitytraitsinParagraph4?

A.Bymakingcomparisonsandconclusions.

B.Byexplainingcausesandeffects.

C.Bypresentingquestionsandanswers.

D.Bygivingdefinitionsandexamples.

(3)WhatcanbeinferredabouttheYaleFoodAddictionScalefromthetext?

A.Ithasbeensuccessfullycarriedoutamongoverweightpeople.

B.Itmighthelpsomeimpulsivepeoplewithfoodaddictiontoloseweight.

C.Itwillprovewhetherfoodaddictionisaproblemtoimpulsivepeople.

D.Itistheoreticallyapropertreatmentforaddictivefoodanddrugbehavior.

(4)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Dopaminereleasecausedbyfoodaddiction

B.Foodaddictioncomparedtodruguse

C.Impulsivepersonalitylinkedtofoodaddition

D.Foodaddictioncontributingtoobesity

参考答案：ADBC

（二）

Beinglessthanperfectlywell-dressedinabusinesssettingcanresultinafeelingof

greatdiscomfortthatmaywellrequiretreatmenttoeliminate.Andthesadtruthisthat

“clothingmismatches”onthejobcanruinthedayofthepersonwhoiswearingthe

inappropriateattire（着装）一andthepeoplewithwhomheorshecomesincontact.

Officesvarywhenitcomestodresscodes.Somebusinesseshaveveryhighstandards

fortheiremployeesandsetstrictguidelinesforofficeattire,whileothersmaintainamore

relaxedattitude.However,itisalwaysimportanttorememberthatnomatterwhatyour

company'sattitudeisregardingwhatyouwear,youareworkinginabusinessenvironment

andyoushoulddressproperly.Certainitemsmaybemoreappropriateforeveningwearthan

forabusinessmeeting,justasshortsandaT-shirtarebettersuitedforthebeachthanforan

officeenvironment.Yourattireshouldreflectbothyourenvironmentandyourposition.A

seniorvicepresidenthasadifferentimagetomaintainthanthatofasecretaryorsales

assistant.Likeitornot,youwillbejudgedbyyourpersonalappearance.

Thisisnevermoreapparentthanondress-downdays”,whenwhatyouwearcansay

moreaboutyouthananybusinesssuitevercould.Infact,peoplewillpaymoreattentionto

whatyouwearondress-downdaysthanonabusinessprofessional”days.Thus,when

dressingin“businesscasualvclothes,trytoputsomegoodtasteintoyourwardrobe

choices,recognizethatthe“real”definitionofbusinesscasualistodressjustonenotch（等

级）downfromwhatyouwouldnormallywearofbusiness-professionalattiredays.

Remember,therearebordersbetweenyourcareerandoursociallife.Youshoulddress

onewayforplayandanotherwaywhenyoumeanbusiness.Alwaysaskyourselfwhereyou

aregoingandhowotherpeoplewillbedressedwhenyougetthere.Isthefinaldestination

theopera,thebeach,ortheoffice?Dressproperlyandyouwilldiscoverthetruthinthe

principlethatclothesmaketheman一andthewoman.Whenindoubt,alwaysmisjudgeon

thesideofdressingslightlymoretraditionallythanthesituationdemands.

(1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Howtodressproperlyinabusinesssetting.

B.Apresidentofacompanyshoulddressdifferentlyfromasecretaryorsalesassistant.

C.Thedifferencesbetweenprofessionalandcasualdress.

D.Improperdresswillmakeapersonfeeluncomfortable.

(2)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Every