2023上海高考英语模拟试卷

上海高考英语模拟试卷（一）=1\*ROMANI.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)Oneofmymostsurprisingfindingsasastudentis1parentsdonotalwaysacceptyouradulthood.Iwasalwaystoldthatonceyougettocollege,yourparentsrealizethatyouhavebeenliving2yourownandcanmakeyourowndecisions.Thisideawasrejected3IcamehomeforThanksgiving.Atfirst,everythingwasgoingas4（Smoothly）aspossible.ThefirstnightIwenttotheBerkeleycampustovisitmyfriendSara,withoutanyargumentfrommymother.5whenIcalledhertosayIhaddecidedtospendthenightatSara’sdorm,mymominformedmethatshewantedmehomeatonea.m.Iwaswildwithanger!I6(make)myowndecisionshowlateayoungmanshouldstayoutforseveralmonths.HowevermuchItriedtoreasonwithmymother,sheinsistedthingsaredifferentwhenIamhome,andthattheywerethe7payingmybills.Andkids,thisistrue.Nomatterhowmuchyouwanttofightit,mommyanddaddyarestillholdingthepursestrings,whetheryouare18ornot.Sometimesitisbesttositback,shutup,anddo8theyask.(B)Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources,andlaborsupply—allthesewereimportantfactorsinhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution,buttheywerenotenough.Somethingelse1(need)tostarttheindustrialprocess.That“somethingspecial”wasmen—creativeindividuals2couldinventmachines,findnewsourcesofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.ThemenwhocreatedthemachinesoftheIndustrialRevolutioncamefrommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.Manyofthemweremoreinventorsthanscientists.Apurescientistappreciates3(conduct)hisresearchaccurately.Heisnotnecessarilyworking4hisfindingscanbeused.Aninventororoneinterestedinappliedscienceisusuallytryingtomakesomethingthathasaconcrete(详细的)use.Hemaystrive5(solve)aproblembyusingthetheoriesofscienceorbyexperimentingthroughtrialanderror.Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtain6specificresult:theconstructionofaharvestingmachine,theburningofalightbulb,oroneofmanyotherobjectives.ManyofthepeoplewhodevelopedthemachinesoftheIndustrialRevolutionwereinventors,not7(train)scientists.Afewwerebothscientistsandinventors.Eventhosewhohadlittleornotraininginscience8nothavemadetheirinventionsifagroundworkhadnotbeenlaidbyscientistsyearsbefore.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.adaptB.nativesC.identitiesD.cost-savingE.alertF.insteadG.establishedH.practicallyI.routeJ.enrolledK.significantOfficialsatBostonCollegehavemadewhatmaybeacriticaldecision:they’vestoppedgivingoutnewemailaccountstoincomingstudents.Theofficialsrealizedthatthestudentshadalreadyestablisheddigital1bythetimetheyenteredcollege,sothenewemailaddresseswerejustnotbeingused,but,2,thecollegewillofferforwarding(转发)services.Startingnextyear,freshman3atBostonCollegewon’tbegivenanactualemailaccountcompletewithloginandinbox,justanemailaddress.Thisaddressintheformatofjohnsmith@bc.eduwillsimplyforwardmailtothestudent’salready4inbox,beitGmail,WindowsLiveMail,YahooMail,AOL,orwhateverelsetheymaybeusing.Thecollegereachedasmartdecisionafterfirstlookingintooutsourcing（外包）theiremailtothecloud.WhiletheBostonCollegedecisionmayhavebeenmadefor5reasonsmorethananything,wecaneasilyimaginethisasbeingthestartofanewtrend.CanyouevenimagineaU.S.collegestudentwhodidn’thaveanemailaddressoftheirownbythetimetheywereafreshman?It’s6unheardof.Today’sstudentsaredigital7immersed(浸润)intechnologyfromthedaytheywereborn.Itsimplydoesn’tmakesensetogivethemyetanotheraccounttomanagewhentheyentercollege.Bygoingthis8,therearestillsomechallengestoovercome,though.Forexample,astudentwhochangestheiremailcarrierwillprobablyforgetto9theinstitutiontothechangeandcouldthenmissouton10messagesfromtheuniversitywithregardtotheircourses,scholarship,safetyinformation,etc.Intheend,wethinkthedecisionBostonCollegemadecouldeasilybethestartofanewtrend.We’resurethestudentslikeit,too.=2\*ROMANII.ReadingComprehensionSectionAAllovertheworld,peopleadmirethebeautyandgraceofbutterflies.Butterfliescomeineverycolorimaginable,andtheir1displayanincrediblevarietyofpatterns.Thelargestbutterfly,QueenAlexandra’sBirdwing,hasawingspan(翼展)ofupto280millimetersandlivesinPapuaNewGuinea.Thesmallest,theWesternPygmyBlueinthesouthernU.S.,hasawingspanofonly12millimeters.Sadly,someofthesebeautifulcreaturesarenow2.Estimatesindicatethatbetween15and20thousandspeciesofbutterfliesexistaroundtheworld.Anumberofthesespeciesareendangered,over20inJapan3.Althoughthatnumbermayseemsmall,losingevenonespecieswouldbe4.Nowadaysscientistsevenlooktobutterfliesasa5oftheenvironment’shealth,sincetheyare6toenvironmentalchanges.Manyenvironmentalistsaroundtheworldareeagertoprotecttheendangeredbutterfliesfromextinction.TheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYork,forexample,hasanunusualbutterflyexhibit.Thisexhibit7theimportantrolethatbutterfliesplayinourenvironment.Inrecentyears,environmentalgroupshavemadesignificantprogressin8endangeredbutterflypopulations.GovernmentsthroughoutAsiahavepassedlawstohelpprotectendangeredwildlife,includingbutterflies.AnareacalledButterflyValleyinAssam,India,hasbecomethefocusofconscious9toprotectthebutterflies’habitat(栖息地).OtherprojectsinSerbia,Japan,andCanadaarealsohopingto10.Someoftheseeffortsarealreadystartingtowork.ThepopulationoftheElSegundoBlueButterflyinCalifornia,forinstance,hasincreasedby8percentsince.Findingacureforthebutterflycrisisis,11,notjustforenvironmentalgroups.12citizenscanplantbutterflygardenstosupportandenjoythesegentlecreatures.AgroupoffemaleprisonersinBelfair,Washington,arehelpingtorescueanendangeredspeciescalledTaylor’sCheckerspot.Theyrecognizehow13seeminglyinsignificantcreaturescanbe.Theworldcannotaffordtoloseanybutterflies.AsenvironmentalistJohnMuironce15,“Whenwetrytopickoutanythingbyitself,wefindit15toeverythingelseintheUniverse.”1.A.colorsB.bodiesC.wingsD.feelers2.A.outofcontrolB.ingreatdangerC.ontheflyD.outofdate3.A.nearbyB.thoughC.besidesD.alone4.A.predictableB.possibleC.imaginableD.terrible5.A.factorB.pictureC.measureD.display6.A.exposedB.accustomedC.sensitiveD.resistant7.A.highlightsB.changesC.replacesD.finds8.A.preservingB.controllingC.observingD.recognizing9.A.projectsB.effortsC.stepsD.groups10.A.setanexampleB.keepthepromiseC.makeadifferenceD.takethetime11.A.howeverB.furthermoreC.otherwiseD.therefore12.A.DistinguishedB.LeadingC.SeniorD.Ordinary13.A.gracefulB.significantC.pitifulD.mysterious14.A.proposedB.commentedC.promisedD.recommended15.A.restrictedB.adaptedC.contributedD.tiedSectionB:A(CET4)Classifiedadvertisingisthatadvertisingwhichisgroupedincertainsectionsofthepaperandisthusdistinguishedfromdisplayadvertising.Suchgroupingsas“HelpWanted”,“RealEstate”,“LostandFound”aremade,theratechargedbeinglessthanfordisplayadvertising.Classifiedadvertisementsareaconveniencetothereaderandasavingtotheadvertiser.Thereaderwhoisinterestedinaparticularkindofadvertisementfindsalladvertisementsofthattypegroupedforhim.Theadvertisersmay,onthisaccount,useaverysmalladvertisementifitwereplacedamonglargeradvertisementsinthepaper.Itisevidentthatthereaderapproachestheclassifiedadvertisementinadifferentframeofmindfromthatinwhichheapproachestheotheradvertisementsinthepaper.Heturnstoapageofclassifiedadvertisementstosearchfortheparticularadvertisementthatwillmeethisneeds.Ashisattentionisvoluntary,theadvertiserdoesnotneedtorelytoomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthereader’sattention.Formerlyallclassifiedadvertisementswereofthesamesizeanddidnothavedisplaytype.Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader’sattention.Inmanycases,theresulthasbeenanincreaseinthesizeofthespaceusedandtheadditionofheadlinesandpictures.Inthatway,theclassifiedadvertisementhasinrealityadvertisement.Thisisparticularlytrueofrealestateadvertising?1.AllofthefollowingfactsareadvantagesofclassifiedadvertisementforadvertisersEXCEPTthat____.A)classifiedadvertisementchargeslessmoneyB)itiseasiertoattracttheattentionofthetargetconsumersC)itprovidesmoreinformationforthereadersD)itdoesnothavetorelytoomuchondisplaytype2.Oneoftheexamplesgivenoftypesofclassifiedadvertisementis____A)housesforsaleB)peoplewhoareaskingforhelpC)peoplewhoarelostD)jobvacancies3.Whatsortofattitudedopeoplehavewhentheylookatclassifiedadvertisement,accordingtothewriter?A)Theyareintheframeofmindtobuyanything.B)Theyarelookingforsomethingtheyneed.C)Theyfeellostbecausetherearesomanyadvertisements.D)Theyfeelthesameaswhentheylookatdisplayadvertisements.4.Accordingtothepassage,inwhichwayhavetheclassifiedadvertisementschangednowadays?A)Theydependmoreondisplaytype.B)Moremoneyischargedforthem.C)Theyaredividedintomoregroups.D)Theyarelessformal.5.Whyhaveclassifiedadvertisementschangedinappearance?A)Becausepeoplenolongerwantheadlinesandpictures.B)Becauserealestateadvertisingisparticularlytruthfulnow.C)Becausetheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisementsmeanstheyhavetobesmallnow.D)Becausetherearemoreadvertisementsnowandmorecompetitionamongadvertisers.B（高考）AteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.“It’sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents(元件),”saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaytodaybasis.”1.Thedifficultytheteamofengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticflywasthat__________.A.theyhadnomodelintheirmind B.theydidnothavesufficienttimeC.theyhadnoready-madecomponents D.theycouldnotassemblethecomponents2.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly__________.A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystemB.canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttimeC.cancollectinformationfrommanysourcesD.hasbeenputintowideapplication3.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.B.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.C.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.D.Wood’sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.FatherofRoboticFly B.InspirationfromEngineeringScienceC.RoboticFlyImitatesRealLifeInsect D.HarvardBreaksThroughinInsectStudyC（模拟）Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandarguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparksingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalPersonalityandSocialPsychology.“Iftheyknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit'seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward____.A)thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewardsB)theappropriateamountofexternalrewardsC)thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandD)theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents'performance2.Whatistheviewheldbymanyeducatorsconcerningexternalrewardsforstudents?A)Theyapproveofexternalrewards.B)Theydon'tthinkexternalrewards.C)Theyhavedoubtsaboutexternalrewards.D)Theybelieveexternalrewardscanmotivatesmallchildren,butnotcollegestudents.3.Accordingtotheresultofthestudymentionedinthepassage,whatshouldeducatorsdotostimulatemotivationandcreativity?A)Giverewardsforperformanceswhichdeservethem.B)Alwayspromiserewards.C)Assigntaskswhicharenotverychallenging.D)Bemorelenienttostudentswhenmistakesaremade.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve____.A)rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudents’B)punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewardingC)failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandardsD)discouragingthestudentsanticipationforeasyrewardsismatterofurgency5.Whichofthefollowingfactsabout“tokeneconomics”isnotcorrect?A)Studentsareassignedchallengingtasks.B)Rewardsaregivenforgoodperformances.C)Studentsareevaluatedaccordingtotheefforttheyputintothetask.D)Withtokeneconomics,students’creativitycanbeenhanced.D（模拟）“Thereisasenselessconceptthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhentheyare18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,”sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.Analystsraisedavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Oneimportantreasonisthatthemarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople,whichissecondtoskyrocketinghousingcoststowhichyoungpeoplefindtheirwingsattached.Besides,ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesogreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“Itisridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethequarrelsoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes—andleftthreetimes.“WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem,”sheexplains.“HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soIeitherhadtohideawaytomeetthematfriends’houses.”Itisreallyhardtosayhowlongadultchildrenshouldlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon.Nevertheless,itiscommonlyrecognizedthatlengthyhomecomingsareamistakeandtheyaccidentallydestroytheadvantageofbriefvisitsthatwillstrengthentherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities,whichisdefinitely