《英语学习课件》-高一英语语法知识详解PPT

《英语学习课件》-高一英语语法知识详解PPTEnglishgrammaristhefoundationoflearningthelanguage.It'snotalwayseasy,butit'simportanttolearninordertocommunicateeffectively.ThisPPTwillprovideathoroughexplanationofthekeygrammarconcepts.PartsofSpeechNounsNounsarethenamesofpeople,places,andthings.PronounsPronounsreplacenounsinasentencetoavoidrepetition.AdjectivesAdjectivesmodifyordescribenounsandpronouns.OtherpartsofspeechLearnaboutverbs,adverbs,prepositions,conjunctions,andinterjections.SentenceStructureSubjectandPredicateEverysentenceneedsasubjectandpredicate.Thesubjectiswhatthesentenceisabout,andthepredicateiswhatthesubjectisdoing.PhrasesandClausesPhrasesaregroupsofwordsthatworktogether,butdon'thaveasubjectandpredicate.Clauseshaveboth,andcanbeeitherindependentordependent.ModifiersModifiersaddextrainformationtoasentence.Becarefulofmisplacedordanglingmodifiers.SentenceTypesLearnaboutsimple,compound,complex,andcompound-complexsentences.Subject-VerbAgreement1Singular&PluralSingularsubjectsneedsingularverbs,andpluralsubjectsneedpluralverbs.Don'tbefooledbytrickysubject-verbagreement.2CollectiveNounsWhentalkingaboutagroupofpeopleorthings,useasingularverbifthegroupactsasone,andapluralverbiftheyactindividually.3InterveningWordsDon'tletinterveningwordscomebetweenthesubjectandverbandthrowoffsubject-verbagreement.DirectandIndirectObjectsDirectObjectsDirectobjectsaretherecipientoftheactioninasentence.Theyanswerthequestion"who"or"what"isbeingactedupon.IndirectObjectsIndirectobjectsanswerthequestion"towhom"or"forwhom"theactionisdone.Theyonlyexistwithadirectobject.ObjectPronounsWhenusingpronounsasdirectorindirectobjects,useobjectpronounslikeme,him,her,us,andthem.ActiveandPassiveVoice1ActiveVoiceInactivevoice,thesubjectofthesentenceperformstheaction.It'smoredirectandengaging.2PassiveVoiceInpassivevoice,theobjectofthesentencebecomesthesubject,andthedoeroftheaction(ifmentioned)comesaftertheverb.Itcanbeusefultoshiftfocusoravoidblame.3ConvertingbetweenActiveandPassiveToconvertbetweenactiveandpassivevoice,switchthepositionsofthesubjectandobjectandchangetheverbform.4WhentoUsePassiveVoicePassivevoiceisusefulwhenthedoerisunknownorunimportant,orwhenthefocusisontheresultratherthanthedoer.RelativeClausesandPronounsRelativePronounsRelativepronouns(likewho,whom,whose,that,which)introducerelativeclauses.Theyprovideextrainformationaboutthenouninthemainclause.Defining&Non-DefiningDefiningrelativeclausesprovideessentialinformationaboutthenoun,whilenon-definingclausesprovideextrainformation.RelativeAdverbsRelativeadverbs(likewhen,where,andwhy)introduceadverbialclausesthatmodifythemainclause.InfinitivesandGerundsInfinitivesAninfinitiveisthebaseformofaverbprecededby"to".Itcanactasanoun,adjective,oradverbinasentence.GerundsAgerundisaverbendingin"-ing"thatfunctionsasanouninasentence.Itcanbethesubject,object,orcomplement.CommonMistakesBecarefulnottoconfusegerundsandparticiples.Also,someverbscanbefollowedbyinfinitivesorgerundswithdifferentmeanings.ConditionalSentencesFirstConditionalFirstconditionalsentencesexpressarealpossibilityorafuturelikelyevent.Theyuse"if"andthepresenttense,andthefuturetenseormodalverbinthemainclause.SecondConditionalSecondconditionalsentencesexpressanunrealorhypotheticalsituation.Theyuse"if"andthepastsimple,and"would"oranothermodalverbinthemainclause.T