2023-2024学年译林版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 3 Grammar and usage 作业（含解析）

Unit3GettingalongwithothersPeriod2Grammarandusage&Integratedskills（译林版2020必修第一册）00101学习目标1.Understandthemeaningofrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronouns;2.Summarizethegeneralrulesofrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronouns;3.Userestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronounstodescribetheirfriendsappropriately.4.Beclearaboutthegoodqualitiesofagoodfriend;5.Graspthefeaturesofadiaryentry;6.Writeadiaryentryaboutwhatmakesagoodfriend.0202预习导学Ⅰ.必备单词:根据提示填写单词或者短语1.adj.肤浅的，浅薄的；浅的2.__________n.主题；主旋律*3.__________n.意见，看法；(群体的)观点，信仰4.n.品德，素质；质量；特征adj.优质的，高质量的5.adj.效率高的，有功效的6.adj.额外的，分外的，附加的adv.额外，另外；特别，格外7,vt.估量，判定；测量n.措施；衡量8.blogn.9.slaven.10.raftn.11.highpointⅡ.核心单词拓展1.n．基础；基准；原因→adj.基础的→n．基地；根基；基础v.以……为基础2.n．&vt.尊敬，敬重；方面→adj.表示敬意的，尊敬的→adj.值得尊敬的；体面的1.n．基础；基准；原因→adj.基础的→n．基地；根基；基础v.以……为基础2.n．&vt.尊敬，敬重；方面→adj.表示敬意的，尊敬的→adj.值得尊敬的；体面的Ⅲ.英汉双译短语1.依赖，依靠，指望2.腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏3.损害…之间的关系，离间；妨碍4.亲自，亲身5.不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦6.在某人看来7.克服，恢复常态8.使显现，使表现出9.taketheplaceof10.putdown11.runawayfrom12.befacedwith13.throughtrickandthin14.havetroubleindoingsth.Ⅳ.初识语法填入适当的关系词1.Theengineerwithmyfatherworksisabout50yearsold.2.Allcanbeeatenhasbeeneatenup.3.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingwassomeoneelse’sfault.4.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergytowemayreturninthenearfuture.5.Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.0303探究提升词汇精讲1.counton依赖,依靠,指望(教材P34)Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancounton.一个真正的朋友是我们可以依靠支持的人。【归纳拓展】count vi.认为;算作;重要vt.数数count...in 包括……在内countsb.out 不包括某人countforsth. 对……重要,有价值countup 计算,算出总数becountedas 认为;看作;算作;被视为(1)Shebegantocountuphowmanygueststheyhadtoinvite.

她开始计算他们得邀请多少位客人。(2)Thefactthatshehadapologizedcountedfornothingwithhim.

她已道歉,但他认为这是没有用的。(3)Fortaxpurposesthatmoneyiscountedasincome.

那笔钱被算作收入,需要纳税。【即学即用】用count的短语填空/熟词生义①Shebegantohowmanygueststheyhadtoinvite.

②Thefactthatshehadapologizednothingwithhim.

③Fortaxpurposesthatmoneyincome.④（熟词生义）Itisnotthegiftthatcounts,butthethoughtbehindit.（_________________）2.opinionn.意见,看法;(群体的)观点,信仰（教材P37）Inmyopinion,thefollowingqualitiesformthebasisofafriendship.在我看来，下列品质构成了友谊的基础。【归纳拓展】inone’sopinion 在某人看来intheopinionofsb. 依照某人的看法theopinionof/about/on... 对……的看法haveagood/highopinionof 对……评价好/高haveabad/lowopinionof 对……评价不好/低(1)Acommitteeofteacherswillevaluatematerialsandgiveopinions.

由教师组成的委员会将对材料进行评估并提出意见。(2)ThebestofaKilimanjaroexperience,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.

在我看来,乞力马扎罗山之旅的最佳体验并不是到达山顶。(3)Butitseemspeoplehavedifferentopinions.

但似乎人们有不同的观点。(4)Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople’sopinions.

如果这些误判仅仅是人们的观点,那也没有关系。[名师点津]“在我看来，就我而言”大荟萃：inmyview,asfarasI’mconcerned,asforme,asfarasIcansee,asIseeit,personally(speaking)【即学即用】单句语法填空/完成句子①It'sperfectlynormalforpeopletohavedifferentopinionspeopleandthings.②myopinion,it’soneofthemostimportantbooksondieteverwritten.③Peopleallovertheworldtheactivity.全世界人民对这个活动有很高的评价。④Ifeltcalledontothematter.我感觉有义务对这事表示我的意见。3.qualityn.品德,素质;质量;特征adj.优质的,高质量的(教材P37)Inmyopinion,thefollowingqualitiesformthebasisofafriendship.在我看来,下列品质构成了友谊的基础。【归纳拓展】(1)ofhigh/good/topquality 质量好oflow/bad/poorquality 质量差(2)quantity n.数量alargequantityof=largequantitiesof 许多,大量(1)Thisnewtypeofmachineisofhighqualityandisnotexpensive.

这种新型的机器质量非常好,而且也不贵。(2)Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.根据最近的研究,如果你露营地的空气质量好,答案是肯定的。

(3)Thedepthofthewaterhereislessthan200metersfilledwithlargequantitiesof/alargequantityofmudandsandcarriedintotheseabyrivers.

这里水深不足200米,堆积着由河流入海带来的大量泥沙。【即学即用】完成句子Nowadaystherearepeopleintheworld,whichcontributestoourharmonioussociety.现在,世界上有大量的高素质的人,这有助于我们的和谐社会。4.respectvt.尊重,尊敬n.尊敬,敬意;重视(教材P37)Imustrespectandsupportthechoiceshemake.我必须尊重和支持他的选择。【归纳拓展】(1)respectsb./sth. 尊敬某人/某物respectsb.as... 尊敬某人为……respectsb.for... 因……而尊敬某人(2)have/showrespectforsb. 尊重某人outofrespect 出于尊重send/giveone’srespectstosb. 代某人向某人致敬/问候(3)respectfuladj.表示敬意的;尊敬的respectableadj.(人)体面的,得体的;值得尊敬的【名师点津】respect表示“尊重；敬重”时，为不可数名词；表示“细节；方面”时，为可数名词；表示“敬意；问候”时，多用作复数形式。(1)IrespecthimasapersonbecauseyouhearstoriesabouthimfromplayersandIhaveafriendinHollandwhoknowshimpersonally.

我很尊重他这个人,因为你会从很多球员那听到他的故事,我在荷兰还有一个朋友认识他。(2)Also,whenweshowrespectforpeople,itismorelikelythattheywilldothesameforus.

而且,当我们对别人表示尊敬时,别人就更可能用同样的方式来对待我们。(3)IthoughtIshouldtalktoyouinperson,outofrespect.

出于尊重,我觉得我应该当面跟你谈谈。【即学即用】单句语法填空/熟词生义/完成句子①Thechildreninourfamilyarealways(respect)totheirelders.②Irespecthimawriterandasaman.③Asateacher,heis(respect)forhisgoodteaching.④(熟词生义)Chinaisdevelopingveryrapidlyinallrespectsandwe’reallproudofourmotherland. (respectn.)⑤Whenweothers,wethematthesametime.在尊重他人的同时，我们也得到了别人的尊重。5.getover克服;恢复常态(教材P37)Ishouldalsoencouragehimtotakeactiontogetoverthesedifficulties.我也应该鼓励他采取行动克服这些困难。【归纳拓展】getacross被理解;使了解getaround 到处走走;逃避;说服;传开来(等于getround);有办法应付getawaywith 被放过;侥幸逃脱getdownto 着手做某事;开始认真考虑getinto 陷入;染上(坏习惯);养成;习惯于getthrough 通过;到达;做完;接通电话;熬过(困难时期等)(1)Ifyouthinkyoucangetawaywithit,you’vegotanotherthinkcoming.

你要是以为你可以侥幸逃脱,那你就大错特错了。(2)Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldlendmeahandtogetovernervousness.

如果你能帮我克服紧张我会非常感激。(3)IwastryingtogetacrosshowmuchIadmiredthem.

我努力表达清楚我是多么羡慕他们。(4)There’snotmuchtimeleft.Let’sgetdowntopreparingfortheparty.

没多少时间了。让我们赶紧着手准备派对吧。[名师点津]getdownto中to为介词，其后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。类似的短语还有：be/getusedto,beaccustomedto,stickto,lookforwardto,objectto,devote...to...等。【即学活用】用get的短语填空①Therearelotsofdifferentwaystoyourmessagewhenyouareputtingtogetheranadcampaign.②Ourlinescangetverybusy,butpleasekeeptryingandyouwillsoon.③Thewholevillagewasinvolvedintheharvest.④Oncewethefirstfewmonths,weshouldbemakingareasonableprofit.⑤WatchFrank—he’llcheatifhethinkshecanit.6.bringout使显现,使表现出(教材P37)Tome,agoodfriendbringsoutthebestinaperson.对我来说,一个好朋友能激发出一个人最好的一面。【归纳拓展】bringabout(=leadto/resultin)引起;导致;产生;带来bringsth.back 使某物恢复;带回某物;使想起某事bringdown 让……降下来;使倒下bringin 引入;赚(钱)bringforth 产生;产出;发表bringforward 提出;将……提前(1)Thispictureoftenbringsbackmanyhappymemoriesofmyhighschooldaystome.

这张照片经常使我想起高中生活中许多美好的回忆。(2)Manypeoplearebeginningtoreflectonwhywepaysomuchtostudyabroadandwhatkindofconsequencesitwillbringabout.许多人开始反思,我们为什么花费这么多去国外留学,这又会带来什么结果。

(3)Hemadeeveryefforttobringdownthecostofliving.

他竭力降低生活费用。【即学活用】用bring的短语填空①Muchtotheirdisappointment,thenewequipmenttheyturnedouttobeanabandonedset.令他们大为失望的是，他们引进的新设备竟然是被舍弃的一套。②Ahugeamountofenvironmentaldamagehasbythedestructionoftherainforests.对热带雨林的破坏给环境带来了很大的危害。③Youwereprobablytothinklikethat你可能从小就被教育那样考虑问题。④Theseeffortswillsurelygoodfruit.这些努力必将产生良好的结果。⑤Canyouanyproofofwhatyousay?关于你所说的，你能提出证据吗？7.measurevt.估量,判定;测量n.措施;衡量(教材P37)I’llalwaysvaluethesequalitiesofagoodfriendandtrytomeasuremyselfbythesestandardsasourfriendshipdevelops.我将永远珍视一个好朋友的这些品质,并在我们的友谊发展的过程中,试着用这些标准来衡量我自己。【归纳拓展】(1)measure...by...用……来衡量……bemeasuredby/in 用……来衡量/计算(2)takemeasures/steps/actiontodosth.采取措施做某事makesth.toone’sownmeasure为某人量身定做某物infullmeasure 最大程度地,最大限度地(3)measurable adj.可测量的;显著的(1)Thetoolisusedtomeasurehowmuchoilisleftinanengine.这个工具用于探查发动机中剩余的油量。

(2)Thepondmeasuresabout2metresacross.

这个池塘宽约2米。(3)Airpollutionisbecomingincreasinglyserious,sowemusttakemeasurestocontrolit.空气污染越来越严重,所以我们必须采取措施对其加以控制。

【温馨提示】(1)measure表示“措施”时,常用复数形式。(2)measure表示“有……长(宽、高)”等时,可看作系动词,没有被动语态及进行时态。【即学即用】单句语法填空/完成句子①Thegovernmentmusttakemeasures(protect)thewildanimals.②Themainbedroom，muchsmallerthanotherrooms,(measure)15meterswide.③Itissurprisingthatsuchayoungboycanswimacrosstheriver(measure)100meterswide.④Mr.Smithaskedthetailorto_______________________.史密斯先生要求裁缝照他的尺寸做些新衣服。语法讲解关系代词引导的限制性定语从句一、定语从句概述定语从句定义在主从复合句中,对某一名词或代词起修饰、限制作用的从句关系词关系代词who;whom;whose;which;that关系副词when;where;why可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句本单元主要学习关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose引导的限制性定语从句习近平主席所做的2021新年致辞非常鼓舞人心。世界上最长的跨海大桥——港珠澳大桥,在星期三上午九点向公众交通开放。注：关系词的3个作用关系词通常有下列三个作用:(1)引导定语从句;(2)代替先行词;(3)在定语从句中充当一个成分。二、关系代词的基本用法关系代词所指代(即先行词)在定语从句中所作的句子成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人/物主语、宾语、表语whose人/物定语The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhich/thatopenedin1759.例如,SirHansSloane收藏的8万件物品构成了在1759年开放的大英博物馆的核心馆藏。*Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywillbeconcernedaboutthisitem.任何有责任感的人都会关注这个项目。*Therescueworker(whom/that/who)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的救援人员已经来了。*Maryisfondofmusicthat/whichisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢安静轻柔的音乐。*Thepartythat/whichwasorganizedbyTomwasheldoutdoorsatdusk.由汤姆组织的这个晚会在傍晚时在户外举行。*Ifrequentlyvisitascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我经常拜访一位全国知名的科学家。三、关系代词只用that而不用which的情况1.当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。*Allthatyoumustkeepinmindisthatyoumustbeburiedinyourresearch.你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。2.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。*Hewasthefirstsurvivorthatwasdugoutfromtheruins.他是从废墟中被挖出的第一个幸存者。3.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。*Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveintoourparents’ideas.我们唯一能做的事情就是听从我们父母的意见。4.当先行词既指人又指物时。*IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间见到的人和一些照片。5.当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复而用that。*Whoisthemanthatcametorescueyouinthisdisaster?在这次灾难中救你的人是谁?6.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。*Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。单元写作写一篇如何成为好朋友的日记1.话题特点生活日记用来记述自己在日常生活中做过的、看到的或听到的有意义的事情或用来抒发自己当天对某些事情的感受以及自己将来的打算。体裁可以是记叙文、应用文、说明文、议论文等各种形式。2.话题词汇(1)intend v.打算(2)pack vt.包装(3)beproudof 骄傲(4)theimportanceof ……的重要性(5)takepartin 参加(6)makeupone’smind 下定决心(7)goinfor 参加;从事(8)sparenoefforttodosth. 不遗余力去做某事(9)beabsorbedin 专心致志于(10)havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难3.话题句式(1)表达感情①IhadanunforgettabletriptoCambridgetoday.今天我到剑桥的旅行很难忘。②Todayisanunforgettableandsignificantday.今天是难忘且意义重大的一天。(2)叙述经过①TodayItookpartinafarmworkprogrammeinthesuburbs.今天我参加了郊区的一个农活项目。②Attheclassmeeting,ourteachertoldusabouttheprogrammewiththetheme“Labouristhemostbeautifulthing”.在班会上,我们的老师告诉我们节目的主题是“劳动是最美好的事情”。③Andhestressedtheimportanceofworkingwithourownhands.他还强调了亲自动手的重要性。④WhenIgothome,Ipackedupmyluggageforthetrip.当我回家时,我收拾好行李准备旅行。⑤Onthefarm,wehelpedpickwatermelons.Whileworking,Irealizedhowharditwastoworkinthefieldsunderahotsun.在农场里,我们帮忙摘西瓜。工作的时候,我意识到在炎热的阳光下在田野里工作是多么辛苦。(3)表达观点①Kateisagirlwhoiseasytogetalong/onwithandwealllikeher.凯特是一个容易相处的女孩,我们都喜欢她。②Asaresult,fromthisexperienceIhavelearneditwasimportanttoworktogetherwithothers.结果,从这次经历中我认识到与他人合作是很重要的。(4)总结概括Ifyoumissthischance,Idon’tthinkyouwillhaveasecondchancetoplaywithoutstandingplayers.如果你错过了这个机会,我想你再也没有机会和优秀的球员比赛了。昨天,你与朋友因琐事发生争吵,为此你感到很后悔。请根据下列内容提示,以第一人称用英语写一篇日记,表达你对朋友的歉意。March12th,TuesdaySunnyIwanttoapologizetomyfriendforquarrelingwithheryesterday.Iamashamedofmyrudewordswhich/thatreallybrokeherheart.Butformyrudeness,shewouldnothaveexplodedwithrage.AsfarasI’mconcerned,havingbeencloseforeightyearsandalmostinseparable,Idon’twanttoletgoofourfriendship.Sheisalwayssogeneroustomethatwecantrustandcountoneachother.Again,Iwanttosaysorrytoherfromthebottomofmyheart.Inanycase,I’minthewrong.Idohopeshecanforgivemeandmakeupwithme.0404体系构建0505记忆清单1.counton依赖，依靠，指望2.eatawayat腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏3.shallowadj.肤浅的，浅薄的；浅的4.blogn.博客，网志5.comebetween…and…损害…之间的关系，离间；妨碍6.inperson亲自，亲身7.themen.主题；主旋律*8.slaven.奴隶9.raftn.木排，筏10.highpoint最有意思(或最令人愉快、最好)的部分11.opinionn.意见，看法；(群体的)观点，信仰12.qualifyn.品德，素质；质量；特征adj.优质的，高质量的13.basisn．基础；基准；原因→basicadj.基础的→basen．基地；根基；基础v.以……为基础14.respectn．&vt.尊敬，敬重；方面→respectfuladj.表示敬意的，尊敬的→respectableadj.值得尊敬的；体面的15.getover克服，恢复常态16.efficientadj.效率高的，有功效的17.extraadj.额外的，分外的，附加的adv.额外，另外；特别，格外18.bringout使显现，使表现出19,measurevt.估量，判定；测量n.措施；衡量06强化训练Ⅰ06强化训练1.Butifyoureadthis(博客),itmeansyouwantmorefromyourlife.2.Thestoriesareallvariationsonthe(主题)ofunhappymarriage.3.Thecrewspenttwodaysandnightsintheir(木筏).4.Thesefisharefoundinswatersaroundthecoast.5.Don’tcongoingabroadthissummer;wemaynothaveenoughmoney.6.Somevideoshavebeenbannedonthe(原因)thattheyaretooviolent.7.WhatIwanttotellyouisthedeeploveand(尊敬)Ihaveformyparents.8.Wemusttakepreventive(措施)toreducecrimeinthearea.9.Thenewmachineismoreethantheoldone.10.Theyoungcoupleweretoldthesurflessonneededtochargeemoneyforthespecialmedicalequipment.Ⅱ、单句语法填空1.Themanagerisnowinneedofacapableassistantthathecancounton(take)careoftheproblemsinhisabsence.

2.Withitsgoodqualityandcompetitiveprice,thecompanybroughtoveronebillionyuanlastyear.3.Thepond(measure)about2metersacrossandistoosmallforfishing.4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooksinterestedhimgreatly.5.WhichistheclockwasmadeinFranceinthe18thcentury?6.I’vereadallthebookswereborrowedfromthelibrary.7.Thewayinheexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.8.ThePursuitofHappinessisthemostmovingfilmIhaveeverseen.9.Theprizewasawardedtothosehavemadegreatcontributionstoscientificdevelopment.10.You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstationyoucanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.Ⅲ.将下列两个分句合并为含有定语从句的复合句1.Thisisthehouse.LuXunoncelivedinthehouse.→Thisisthehouse.

2.Jackisnolongeralazyboy.Heusedtobealazyboy.→Jackisnolongerthelazyboy.

3.MyfavouriteplaceisKunming.Kunmingisknownasthe“SpringCity”.→MyfavouriteplaceisKunming___________________________________.

4.Angelacan’tforgetthatyear.AngelaandherfamilyspenttheyeartogetherinChina.→Angelacan’tforgetthatyear_____________________________________________.

5.Thisfilmhasbeenshowninourschool.Thisistheonlyfilmshownthisterm.→Thisistheonlyfilm______________________________________________.

6.ThetallmanisXiaoMing.XiaoMingisplayingbasketball.→Thetallman___________________________isXiaoMing.

7.Thisisthegirl.Ihavetalkedtoyouaboutthegirlformanytimes.→Thisisthegirl______________________________________.

8.Thetrainarrivedjustnow.Shewasnotonthetrain.→Shewasnotonthetrain.

9.Shehasabrother.Idon’tknowherbrother’sname.→Shehasabrother.

10.I’dlikearoom.Theroom’swindowfacesthesea.→I’dlikearoom.

Ⅳ．单句表达1.I’lltreasurethoseunforgettabledays_________________________________.

我将永远珍惜我们在一起度过的那些难忘的日子。2.Iwillneverforgetthestudents___________________________.

我永远不会忘记上个月拜访过的学生。3.Thefirstplace________________wastheGreatWall.

我们在中国参观的第一个地方是长城。4.Hewas____________________________.

他是我在这里交到的第一位朋友。5.Don’ttrytoforcehertotellsomething________________________.

不要试图迫使她说出她不愿意说的事情。Ⅴ应用文写作假定你是李华,你的朋友Jack发来邮件,跟你讨论朋友和友谊,并请你给他一些建议。请你根据以下提示回复Jack。1.你是如何看待友谊的;2.你是如何选择朋友的;3.你是如何维持朋友间的关系的。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。DearJack,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua答案:1.shallow2.theme3.opinion4.quality5.efficient6.extra7.measure8.博客，网志9.奴隶10.木排，筏11.最有意思(或最令人愉快、最好)的部分答案：1.basis,basic,base2.respect,respectful,respectable答案：1.counton2.eatawayat3.comebetween…a