开放英语1-讲义

开放英语1讲义ThisisEnglish12007年秋开放英语1ThisisEnglish1课程说明通过本课程的学习，学生应能掌握一定的英语语言基础知识,具备初步的听、说、读、写能力：能掌握1,100词左右的常用词汇（包括入学时要求掌握的600词）和相关的常用词组；能听懂发音清楚、语速较慢的教学用语和日常生活用语；能用英语进行简单的日常交谈；能读懂所学词汇和语法范围内的故事、短文及通知、便函等；能够用便条转达具体信息，写出简短的私人信函。同时，本课程通过提供一些英语国家的文化背景知识，增强学生对这些国家的了解，帮助学生提高语言的实际应用能力。形成性考核成绩及成绩比例1。形成性考核要求:本课程的形成性考核总成绩为百分制，上报省电大。形成性考核成绩占期末总成绩的20分，由平时作业完成情况及小组学习情况构成。1)作业次数：3次内容：主教材《开放英语1》中的复习与自测单元：6、12、18单元。平时作业成绩占形成性考核成绩的75%，即20分中的15分。2）小组学习情况占形成性考核成绩的25%，即20分中的5分。学生以小组为单位进行自学形成性考核成绩及成绩比例4、考核说明本课程的测试由形成性考核和课程终结考试两部分组成，形成性考核占总成绩20%，课程终结考试占80%。形成性考核以平常作业完成情况，面授辅导课的参与情况以及小组学习情况为依据。课程终结考试内容包括大纲规定掌握的基本语言知识和技能，其中听力测试成绩占课程终结考试的20%。形式为闭卷，笔答。考试时间为120分钟。远程辅导联系方式1）中央电大网站：/该课程组成员：刘黛琳、孙建华、武艳和刘明园。外语部电子邮箱：mailto:wyb@Tel0707周二、四值班答疑远程辅导联系方式"中国电大报"英语专业版刊登助学辅导材料2）省校的文字辅助材料可通过福建电大网上查询:http:\\WWW.省电大责任教师：严春容Email:ycr@Tel二、四下午值班答疑邵武电大辅导教师：黄香喜Tel:6224449Email:swhxx3335@163.comUnit1Unit2Unit3介绍自己或他人询问自己或他人的情况讨论休闲活动讨论旅行安排时间的表示提议与应答Tobetohavetodo三种动词的用法基数词和序数词Therebe句型6。动词tobeIamweareyouaretheyareheissheisitis肯定式Heisamanager.否定式Heisn’tamanager.疑问式Isheamanager?isnot=isn’tarenot=aren’theis=he’ssheis=she’sIam=I’mweare=we’retheyare=they’rewhatis=what’swhereis=where’s

代词人称代词主格：Iweyoutheyhesheit形容词性物主代词：myouryourtheirhisherits

在名词后加`s表示所属关系-----的行为动词todo动词第三人称单数名词复数形式1）一般情况+s2）以shcho结尾加-es3）以辅音字母+y（元音字母+y收尾的情况不同）4）特殊变化liketodosth.likedoingsth.表达问候的方式HiHelloHowareyou?Fine.Andyou?Howdoyoudo?Goodmorning.Goodafternoon.Goodevening.Goodnight.行为动词肯定式，否定式，疑问式动词todo肯定式Ilikeswimming.Theyworkhard.Hegoestowork.否定式don't+v.doesn't+v.Idon'tlikeswimming.Theydon'tworkhard.Hedoesn'tgotowork.疑问式Do+主+v.+---?Does+主+v.+----?Doyoulikeswimming?Yes,Ido.No,Idon't.Dotheyworkhard?Doeshegotowork?Yes,Idoes.No,Idoesn't.DoesLiPingenjoyworking?频度副词adverbsoffrequencyneversometimesoftenusuallyalways注意频度副词在句子中有不同的位置1。在动词tobe之后IamusuallyathomeonSunday.Hewasalwayslateforschool.2。在实意动词之后Heusuallygoestoworkatseveno'clock.WesometimeshaveEnglishclassesonSunday.在含有助动词的句子中

在含有助动词的句子中助动词+频度副词+实意动词

Hedoesn'tusuallygotoworkatseveno'clock.Wedon'tsometimeshaveEnglishclassesonSunday.动词tohave1。具有（特点）Ihaveblackhair.2。拥有Weallhavehappyfamily.3。吃，喝，上课，休息haveacupofcoffeehavebreakfast/lunch/supperhaveclasseshaveabreak对于1，2两种have=havegothas=hasgot其中否定式haven'thasn'tIhaven'tblackhair.weallhaven'thappyfamily疑问式Haveyoublackhair?Haveyouhappyfamily?Yes,Ihave.Yes,wehave.No,Ihaven't.No,wehaven't.第三种相当于实意动词Hehaslunchinthecanteen.Hedoesn'thavelunchinthecanteen.Doeshehavelunchinthecanteen?Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn't.疑问句特殊句：疑问词+一般疑问句P21时间表示法表示时间的介词atforfrom---to提议与应答（1）

Wouldyoulikesth.?Wouldyouliketodosth.?Wouldyoulikesomesugar?/acupofcoffee?Wouldyouliketohaveacupofcoffee?Yes,please.Yes,Iwould,thanks.No,thanks.No,Iwouldn't,thanks.

Whatwouldyouliketodo?Whatwouldyoulike?Iwouldlike-----基数词：1.1~12onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve2.13~19个位数+teenthirteenfourteenfifteeneighteen3.2030405060---90个位数+tytwentythirtyfortyfifty4.hundred百thousand千million百billion十亿5.21twenty-one6.121onehundredandtwenty-one7.1121onethousand,onehundredandtwenty-one序数词

1.1~3firstsecondthird2.4~9基数词+thfifthnintheighthtwelfth3.二十，三十-----ty-tiethtwentiethhundredth不定冠词:a,an定冠词the指示代词thisthesethatthosetherebe句型therebe指某处（某时）有/存在have/has拥有，具有therebe+主语+----Thereisamanintheoffice.Therearetwoplantsinthehouse.疑问句IsthereArethere+主语+----?Isthereamanintheoffice?Aretheretwoplantsinthehouse?回答:Yes,thereis.No,thereisn't.UsefullanguageageNameGivenNameSurnameAgeNationalityMarriedstatusYes/NoJobHomeAddressTelephoneNumberWorkAddressworkfor为----工作

workat在-----单位工作

workin在-----地点工作

workwith和----一起工作pleasedI'mpleasedtomeetyou.Itisnicetomeetyou.Itisgladtomeetyou.enjoydoingsthenjoysthIenjoymywork.Ienjoyflying.singleroomdoubleroomsignsignatureMr.Mrs.MsMiss+姓（姓名）不能加名JohnBlackMr.Black(Mr.JohnBlack)×Mr.BlackUnit4Unit5Unit7学习重点表示所属关系询问他人的工作表示工作地点表示工作领域表示拥有现在进行时提出建议谈论价格澄清意思描述住所提建议表达批评打电话预约时间询问所需时间家庭关系词汇grandmothergrandfatherbrother-in-lawsister-in-lawsondaughterauntunclehusbandwifemotherfatherparentsbrothersisterniecenephewcousin现在进行时

be+v-ingbe:amisare肯定句Heiseatingasandwich.SheisworkinginNewYorkatthemoment.Theyaresittingoverthere.Iamwritingaletter.否定句benot+v-ingIamnotwritingaletter.Heisn'teatingasandwich.Theyaren'tsittingoverthere.一般疑问句Be+主语+v–ing?Areyouwritingaletter?Isheeatingasandwich?Aretheysittingoverthere?特殊疑问句who(wherewhathowwhenwhich)+be+主+v-ing+---?Whoareyouwaitingfor?Whereishehavinglunch?现在进行时的用法

1。说话时正在进行的动作2。这一段正在进行的活动（此活动有可能此时此刻没有进行）LiuFaniscurrentlyworkingonTVadvertisement,butrightnowhe'sonholiday.提出建议

Whatabout+v-ingHowabout+v-ingWhydon'tyou+v?Whataboutlookingforanewflat?Whataboutdoingadictation?Whydon'tyougotoanestateagent?Well,Idon'tknow.（表示她说不准这个建议好不好）Yes,that'sagoodidea.（表示她赞同这个建议）表示请求表示建议表示请求Couldyou+v---?Couldyoutellmeyourtelephonenumber?(Yes,ofcourse.No,sorry.Certainly.Ofcourse.)3。表示建议Wouldyouliketo+v---?Wouldyouliketohaveacoffee?Yes,please.No,thankyou.询问价格Howmuchis---?Howmuchdoes---cost?Howmuchistherent?Howmuchdoesthecomputercost?询问花多长时间

花费时间：Ittakes+(某人)+时间+todosth.Sthtakes+(某人)+时间IttakesusthreehourstoflytoBeijing.Theflighttakesthreehours.Howlongdoestheflighttake?HowlongdoesittaketoflytoBeijing?Itdoesn'ttakeusthreehourstoflytoBeijing.Theflightdoesn'ttakethreehours.表达批评

表达批评性评论常用的句式too+形容词太---not+形容词+enough不够---Thekitchenistoodark.Thekitchenisnotbrightenough.Thetableissmall.ThetableisnotbigenoughfortwopeopleUsefullanguageatthemoment目前Heisn'tworkingatthemoment.WangLiisplanninganewmarketingcompagnatthemoment,butrightnowheisvisitingNewYork.WangLi正在策划一个营销活动，不过此刻他正在访问纽约。onone'sownIwasonmyownathomeyesterdayevening.Xiaoyanissittingonherowninherofficewhenthephonerings..waitforXiaoyaniswaitingforanimportanttelephonecallfromherbossinShanghai.Heiswaitingforhissonatthegateoftheschool.rightnowHeisworkingonnewspaperadvertisements.ButheistalkingtoMaryrightnow.beresponsibleforSheisresponsibleforteachingbusinessEnglish.penny在英国货币中，便士penny(pence)英镑pound100便士=1英镑便士的符号p放在数字的后面，英镑的符号￡，放在数字前面。￡1onepound￡24twentyfourpounds￡2.45twopoundsfourtyfive(pence)90pninetypencebenervousXiaoyanisalwaysnervousonthephone.ringupcallphoneringup.hasgot=hashavegot=haveIhavegotadictionary.Haveyougotadictionary?Yes,Ihave.Ihaveadictionary.Haveyouadictionary?Yes,Ihave.Doyouhaveadictionary?Yes,Ido.tiredHeistired.tiredfrom因---而疲惫的boredby因---而厌倦excitedabout因---感到激动的worriedabout因---担心的frightenedabout因---害怕的depressedby因---而抑郁的2.invitePollyinviteXiaoyantohaveadance.invitationXiaoyanacceptstheinvitation.Unit8Unit9Unit10学习重点表示允许/不允许谈论天气/气候描述城市谈论正在发生的事情表达指令描述物品所在的位置描述住地设施的方位问路/指路谈论人的外貌和性格特征短语动词表达提议谈论数量打电话的开始语与结束语请求他人做某事情态动词can:表示允许Youcansmokeinthegarden.Youcan'tsmokeinthekitchen.CanIusethecookerinthekitchen?肯定式：主语+can+v+---否定式：主语+can't(cannot)+v+---疑问式：Can+主语+v+---?一般现在时：表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态。现在进行时：表示说话此刻正在发生的事情或现阶段从事的事情。Heistalkingwithyourteacher.Takeanumbrellawithyou.Itisrainingoutside.Sheislearninghowtorideabicyclethesedays.Thearedoingscientificresearchworkthesedays.3.英语中表示相对静止的物质，心理及情感状态的动词通常只用于一般时态，而不用进行时。behave/havegotlikelovehate1.天气：weatherWhatistheweatherlikein+某地Itis+形容词Itis+v-ing2.气候：climate描述城市：WhatisLondonlike?WhatisShaowulike?回答：be+形容词Shaowuissmall,quietandbeautiful.祈使句祈使句的结构：祈使句表示请求和命令Putitonthesmalltable.Standthelamponthedesk.Don'tputthemonthedesk.Let's=LetusLet's+v句型问路和指路1)Whereis+场所？2)Whereisthenearest+场所？3)Isthere+a/an+场所？Whereisthehospital?Whereisthenearestprimaryschool?Isthereasupermarketnearourschool?HowdoIgetthere?HowdoIgettothebusstation?WheredoIgeton?WheredoIgetoff?短语动词短语动词：动词+介词/副词短语动词需整体记忆getup起床geton上车/相处getoff下车/动身，离开getabout走动，旅行getsb.down使---情绪低落表达提议：1.Wouldyoulike+名词2.Wouldyoulike+to+动词3.Wouldyoulike+代词+to+动词4.ShallI+动词原形可数名词和不可数名词名词：专有名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词1。可数名词有复数形式2。不可数名词没有复数形式3。someanylotsofalotof既可用于修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词4.不论可数名词还是不可数名词，如果用一个表示量的词来修饰时，有用ofakiloofriceacartonofacupofabagof4.twocoffees=twocupsofcoffeetwoteas=twocupsoftea动词need

1.needtodo（动词不定式）2.need+名词3.否定式:doesn'tneeddon'tneed4.疑问式：Do+主语+need---Does+主语+need---eg:Ineedsomesugar.Heneedstogetsomeprawns.Idon'tneedanysugar.Hedoesn'tneedtogetanyprawns.Doyouneedanysugar?Doesheneedtogetanyprawns?some和any

注意：疑问句中有时也用some而不用any。如在表达提议的句子中:Wouldyoulikesomewine?CouldIhavesomeoranges,please?howmany和howmuch1.Howmanydoweneedtobuy?2.Howmuchcreamdoweneedtobuyforfourpeople?howmany,howmuch问东西或人有多少howmany:用于可数名词howmuch:用于不可数名词或询问价格Howmanyapplesdoyouneedtobuy?Howmanylycheesarethereinatin?HowmuchmilkshallIget?Howmuchmineralwaterdoyouwant?Usefullanguage1.putupDon'tputuppostersonthewall.2.parkCanIparkinthestaffcarpark?No,I'mafraidyoucan't.Youcanparkbehindthebuilding.NoParking!3.abroadgoabroadphoneabroad4.minusThetemperaturedoesn'tgobelowminus15degreesinspring.描述城市的词汇：beautiful-uglybig-smallbusy-calmclean-dirty(polluted)crowed-emptyexpensive-cheapmodern-old-fashionedquiet-noisysafe-dangerouswell-organized-chaotic1.sitaround2.donoexercise=don'tdoanyexercise3.feellike4.twiceaweekoncetwicethreetimesfourtimes5.workout6.furtheraway7.Whatisitlike?8.getongetoff1.lookaroundfor2.getchanged3.putonweight4.workoffUnit11Unit13Unit14学习重点1.询问他人意见。2.表达同意他人意见。3.表达兴趣和爱好。4.表示顺序。5.how的用法6.why/because7.一般现在时表示将来的日程安排。8.动词tobe和tofeel用于描述过去的经历和情感9.时间表达。10谈身体锻炼。11.描述人的特点。12描述人的能力。13用现在进行时来表达将来的安排。14形容词的比较级。Unit11一.Activity1Usefullanguage:1.thinkof+名词/动词-ing:认为WhatdoyouthinkoflivinginLondon?Whatdothinkoftheweatherhere?2.bedifferentfrom与---不同DoyouthinkChinaischangingalot?Ithinkit’sverydifferentfromtheWestIthinkthattheparksarelovely.Ithinkyoujustlikedrinkingcoffee!enjoy享受，欣赏，喜爱，过得快活Ienjoythefilm.Iamenjoythelongsummerevenings.toenjoydoingsomething喜欢干什么LiPingenjoysgoingtothecinema.toenjoyoneself过得快活，尽情地玩，享受Pleaseenjoyyourselfattheparty.prefer宁可，更喜欢Whichdoyouprefer,fishormeat?topreferAtoB喜爱某事胜于喜爱另一事Heprefersingingtodancing.IpreferItalianfoodtoSpanishfood.toprefertodosth.Iprefertohavecoffee.topreferdoingsth.why和because的用法询问原因用why为什么结构why+一般疑问句？because因为WhydoyoulikeEnglish?Becauseitisveryinteresting.WhydoyoupreferwatchingTV?

BecauseithelpsmyEnglishalot.Activity2

询问他人的意见认为---怎么样？Whatdoyouthinkof+名词/动词ing的形式?Doyouthink(that)+句子?Whatdoyouthinkoftheweatherhere?DoyouthinkChinaischangingalot?WhatdoyouthinkoflivinginLondon?DoyouthinkthatLondonisinteresting?提出自己的意见think(that)+句子认为，觉得Ithinkyoujustlikedrinkingcoffee!Ithinkit’sverydifferentfromtheWest.Isometimesthinkthatit’stoobigandbusy.对他人的肯定意见表示有同感

或自己的情况与他人一样SoamI.SodoI.Metoo.Heisenjoyingthelongsummerevenings.SoamI.Hethinkstheparksarelovely.SodoI.Ihaveabathintheevening.SodoI.Hehasgottwobrothers.SohaveI.以上都可以用Metoo.Activity6谈论兴趣，爱好和擅长P148tolovetoliketohatetoprefer+名词/代词/动词的ing形式/动词不定式todotoenjoy+名词/动词的ing形式tobeinterestedintobegoodattobekeenon+名词/代词/动词的ing形式Activity7borrow和lendborrow是借来，向别人借lend是借给，借出去He____alotofmoneyfromme.Theysometimes_____theircartotheirparents.Couldyou_____meyourbicycle?

Activity8对他人的反对意见表示同感与so表示对他人肯定意见表示同感的句子中的用法相似。Idon’tlikeusingthecomputerforthat.NeitherdoI.Idon’thaveteainthemorning.NeitherdoI.I’mnotgoingtotheshop.NeitheramI.Ihaven’tgotacar.NeitherhaveI.MeneitherI.Activity9Activity10Activity13What’son?Whattimeisiton?Isthereafilmon?What’sonatseven?beon电影或电视节目“上演”“上映”Activity16学习表示顺序的词汇firstnextafterthatthenfinally表达指示或指令可用祈使句或用主语为第二人称的一般现在时。How的使用疑问词how表示怎么，如何Howdoyoupronouncetheword?HowdoIgettothehospital?如果与showknow连用,how之后要用动词不定式Canyoushowmehowtousethewashingmachine?Heshowsmehowtogettohishouse.Idon’tknowhowtousethewashingmachine.Doyouknowhowtoopenthepackage?Unit13Activity1mygymmy的用法my放在人或场所前面，表示与我有关，而没有个人拥有的意思。myschoolmygymmyclassromActivity3表示时间的介词at表示“在---时刻”与具体的钟点搭配Weopenatsevenandcloseatten.on在---时候与日期，星期搭配WehaveEnglishlessonsonTuesdayevening.TheywillarriveonMaythetwentieth.in在---期间与具体的年代，月份，季节或一天中的某个时段搭配inthemorning/intheafternoon/intheeveninginJanuary/inFebruaryinwinter/insummerfrom---to从---到from---till从---直到between---and在---之间

Activity8练习填写申请表Activity11练习wh-问句whowhywhatwhichwhenwhat（什么，什么样的）和which（哪个，哪些）what没有限定的选择范围which有限定的选择范围Whatdoyouwanttodotoday?Whichmuseumdoyouwanttogoto?Whatdoyoueatforlunch?Whichofthesetwodoyouprefer?时间表达法用this/next/the---afterlast/the---beforethismonth/nextmonth/themonthafternext/lastmonth/themonthbeforelastthisTuesday/nextTuesday/theTuesdayafternext/lastTuesday/theTuesdaybeforelastthisyearthisweekthedaybeforeyesterdayyesterdaytodaytomorrowthedayaftertomorrowActivity14描述情感描述情感或感受，常用动词tofeel(感觉，觉得）feelcold/hungry/comfortable/sad/happyHowarefeelingtoday?/Howdoyoufeeltoday?Youwillfeelbetterafteranight’ssleep.Hefeltcheated.他感到受骗了。部分动词+ing=形容词（事物或事件本身所具有的特征）

部分动词+ing=形容词（用来描述人的感觉）Thelessonwasinteresting.Thestudentswasinterestedinthelesson.boringtobeboredby+名词/动词+inginterestingtobeinterestedinexcitingtobeexcitedaboutworryingtobeworriedaboutfrightening