河南省周口市项城市5校联考2023-2024学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题（解析版）

英语全卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟。注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考场号、座位号、考生号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题的答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhenwillthemanseeLucia?A.ThisThursday.B.ThisFriday.C.NextMonday.2.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Takehersuitcasein.B.Holdtheliftforher.C.Takecareofhersuitcase.3.WhatwillThomasdothisweekend?A.Throwabirthdayparty.B.Visitanoldfriend.C.Goonatrip.4.Whydoesthemanapologizetothewoman?A.Heservedwrongfood.B.Heoverturnedadrink.C.Hemistookherforawaitress.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Asong.B.Musictrends.C.Acomposer.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.WhydoesAmymakethephonecall?A.Toaskforadvice.B.Toarrangeacontest.C.Tosignupforacourse.7.HowmightAmyfeelnow?A.Confident.B.Annoyed.C.Anxious.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8.Whereisthewoman’sbrothernow?A.Onabus.B.Inataxi.C.Inarestaurant.9.Whatisthewoman’ssuggestion?A.Roastingtheturkeythemselves.B.Pickinguptheturkeyinperson.C.Callinguptherestaurantforhelp.听第8段材料,回答第10至13题。10.Whoateupthejam?A.Jim.B.Jim’sfather.C.Jim’smother.11.Whatwillthespeakershaveforbreakfast?A.Eggsandbacon.B.Pancakesandjam.C.Bananasandmilk.12.HowsoonisJim’sfathersupposedtomeetthem?A.In11minutes.B.In22minutes.C.In37minutes.13.Whatwillthespeakersdothisafternoon?A.Gofishing.B.Pickupafriend.C.Attendaconference.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14.WhatjobisDavidapplyingfor?A.Anelectricalengineer.B.Asystemsengineer.C.Aprojectengineer.15.WhatisamustforDavid’sdesiredposition?A.Skillsindevelopingapplications.B.Adegreeincomputerengineering.C.Hands-onprogrammingexperiences.16.WhatmattersmoretoDavidinajob?AGoodsalaries.B.Aniceatmosphere.C.Roomforadvancement.17.WhatistherelationshipbetweenJuliaandDavid?A.Classmates.B.Fellowworkers.C.Teacherandstudent.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.WhenwasSteveHenneberryborn?A.In1963.B.In1969.C.In1979.19.WhathappenedtoStevein1989?A.Hestartedamagazine.B.HewontheMr.Americatitle.C.Hebegantopursuehisactingcareer.20.WhatdoesSteveowehissuccessto?A.Goodluck.B.Long-termcommitment.C.Hisrealisticgoals.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheMermaidsHouse,HistoricOldTownKeyWest2bedrooms1bathroomguestsnightsminimumRentalHomeFencedinwithlargeprivatequietyard.Hundred-year-oldtreestorelaxunder.Ihavemaintainedthe1865feelandnotreallychangedthelayoutmuch,justmodernizedhertomakehercomfortableandyetkeepherhistoric.Fullyfurnished(配备家具的).Centralair-conditioningandHeat.Inwalkingdistancetoallmajorattractions,1/2blockfromDuvalStreetyetprivateandquiet.HouseRulesPetsarenotpermittedhere.Wedonotallowguestsundertheageof25.Ifchildrenareaccompaniedbyadults,pleasenotethatthehouseisnotchildproof.WeloveourcigarshereinKeyWestandprovideashtrays(烟灰缸)outsideforthispurpose.SoPLEASE,nosmokingindoors.GettingAroundKeyWesthasjuststartedanextremelygoodservicewhichisjust1.5blocksfromSeasidePlace.ItiscalledtheLoop(环线)Bus.ItstopsatUnitedandDuval,soyouwouldgooutofthehouseandgorighttoDuvalStreetandthebuscanbecaughtthere.Whenyougetonthebus,askforaroutemap.CancellationPolicy100%refundwithin24hoursafterbooking(providedthestayisatleast60daysaway).Norefundavailableoncebookingisconfirmed.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheMermaidsHouse?A.Itkeepsitsoldstyle. B.Itcanbeaccessedeasily.C.Itoffersaformalatmosphere. D.Ithasthemostmodernconveniences.2.WhichisahouseruleintheMermaidsHouse?A.Adultsunder25. B.Nochildren.C.Largepetsforbidden. D.Indoorsmokingprohibited.3.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toadvertise. B.Toinform.C.Tocomment. D.Toentertain.【答案】1.A2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了租住位于历史古城基韦斯特的MermaidsHouse的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据RentalHome部分中的“Ihavemaintainedthe1865feelandnotreallychangedthelayoutmuch,justmodernizedhertomakehercomfortableandyetkeepherhistoric.(我保持了1865年的感觉，并没有真正改变布局，只是使她现代化，让她舒适，但保持她的历史。)”可知，MermaidsHouse维持着1865年的感觉，其布局并没有太多改变，虽然有现代化的舒适感，但依然保持着她的历史性，因此她仍有旧式的风格。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HouseRules部分中的“WeloveourcigarshereinKeyWestandprovideashtrays(烟灰缸)outsideforthispurpose.SoPLEASE,nosmokingindoors.(我们喜欢基韦斯特的雪茄，所以在外面提供烟灰缸。所以，请不要在室内吸烟。)”可知，这里烟灰缸提供在外面，室内不允许吸烟。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的标题“TheMermaidsHouse,HistoricOldTownKeyWest(基韦斯特历史老城的MermaidsHouse)”可知，本文介绍了位于基韦斯特的MermaidsHouse，结合下文中的RentalHome部分介绍的外部环境、内部装修布置，HouseRules部分讲述的租住规则，GettingAround部分介绍的周边交通以及CancellationPolicy部分介绍的预订客房的退款事宜等可知，这是一则关于MermaidsHouse的租赁信息，其目的在于做广告宣传，吸引更多游客前来租住。故选A项。BVelcro®isahook-and-loop(粘扣的)devicethatiscommonlyfoundonawiderangeofproducts,suchasshoes,jackets,andalotofotherequipmentinoffices,kitchensandgarages.It’salsothenameofthecompanythatoriginallycreatedthe“thing”generallyknownasVelcro®.GeorgedeMestral,aSwisselectricalengineer,istheinventorofVelcro®.HowhecametotheideaofactuallymakingthisthingthatwecallVelcroisatrulyincrediblestory.Onefinemorningin1948,Mestralwentforawalkwithhisdog.Afterreturningfromthewalk,hefoundthatsomeseedsgotstucktothedog’sfur.However,theman’sattentionwasturnedtohisowntrousers,wheremanysimilarseedswerealsoattached.Uponcloserexamination,heobservedthatthereweremanysmallhooksintheseedsthatstuckfirmlytotheloopsinthefabricofhistrousers.ThefirstideaforwhatwouldeventuallybecomeVelcrostruckhimlikeaflashoflightning.Ifhecouldartificiallyrecreatethesamething,bymakingpairsofhooks-and-loopsthatsticktoeachotherfirmly,thentherewouldbealmostnoneedtotiethingsupallthetimetosecurethem,norwouldzippers(拉链),whichwerequitepopularinthosedays,benecessaryanylonger.HedecidedtocalltheproductheformedVelcro®.Likemanyinventions,Velcro®alsofacedagreatdealofcriticism,butMestralstoodbyhisdesignandcontinuedtomakestructuralchangestoenhanceitsbondingstrength.HeworkedwithaFrenchmantocomeupwithaperfecthook-and-loopdevice.MestralpatentedVelcro®in1955.Velcrodidn’tdotoowellinitially;muchofthatwasduetoitslackofaesthetic(美学的)appeal.Itcameindullcolorsandoftenlookedquiteunattractive.Butsoon,evenNASAhelpedtoboostVelcro®’simagebyusingitinalotofequipmentthatwentintospacealongwithastronauts.4.WhatdoweknowaboutVelcro®?A.It’sanestablishedshoebrand. B.It’sarequireddeviceinkitchens.C.It’sanature-inspiredinvention. D.It’sahookcommonlyusedinoffices.5.HowdidthepublicreacttoVelero®initially?A.Theypaidnoattentiontoit. B.Theywerehighlycriticalofit.C.Theythoughtittotallyuseless. D.Theyapplaudeditsappearance.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesGeorgedeMestral?A.Innovative. B.Demanding.C.Competitive. D.Courageous.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Afamousinventor. B.Aremarkablecreation.C.Anunexpecteddiscovery. D.Anunforgettableexperience.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了瑞士的一名工程师GeorgedeMestral，在一个清晨带着自己的狗外出散步，回家后发现一些草籽粘在狗的毛皮和他的裤子上，他观察后发现这种草籽的结构可以紧紧粘在其裤子的布料上，由此受到启发，发明了魔术贴，并将其注册为商标的故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Onefinemorningin1948,Mestralwentforawalkwithhisdog.Afterreturningfromthewalk,hefoundthatsomeseedsgotstucktothedog’sfur.However,theman’sattentionwasturnedtohisowntrousers,wheremanysimilarseedswerealsoattached.(1948年一个晴朗的早晨，Mestral带着他的狗去散步。散步回来后，他发现一些种子粘在了狗的皮毛上。然而，这名男子的注意力转向了自己的裤子，裤子上也贴了许多类似的种子。)”可知，GeorgedeMestral是在清晨遛狗的时候发现有草籽粘在狗身上和自己的裤子上，由此受到启发，从而发明了魔术贴，由此可推断，Velcro®是一个受自然启发的发明。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Likemanyinventions,Velcro®alsofacedagreatdealofcriticism,butMestralstoodbyhisdesignandcontinuedtomakestructuralchangestoenhanceitsbondingstrength.(像许多发明一样，Velcro®也面临着大量的批评，但Mestral坚持他的设计并继续进行结构更改以提高其粘合强度。)”可知，一开始魔术贴受到了大众强烈的批评。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Likemanyinventions,Velcro®alsofacedagreatdealofcriticism,butMestralstoodbyhisdesignandcontinuedtomakestructuralchangestoenhanceitsbondingstrength.HeworkedwithaFrenchmantocomeupwithaperfecthook-and-loopdevice.(像许多发明一样，Velcro®也面临着大量的批评，但Mestral坚持他的设计并继续进行结构更改以提高其粘合强度。他与一位法国人合作，发明了一种完美的钩环装置。)”和“Butsoon,evenNASAhelpedtoboostVelcro®’simagebyusingitinalotofequipmentthatwentintospacealongwithastronauts.(但很快，就连美国国家航空航天局也帮助提升了Velcro®的形象，将其用于许多与宇航员一起进入太空的设备上。)”可知，GeorgedeMestral面对批评时没有放弃，而是与他人合作对其发明进行调整和升级，最终呈现出了完美的产品，并获得了美国国家航空航天局的认可。由此可推断，他是一个富有创新精神的人。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Velcro®isahook-and-loop(粘扣的)devicethatiscommonlyfoundonawiderangeofproducts,suchasshoes,jackets,andalotofotherequipmentinoffices,kitchensandgarages.It’salsothenameofthecompanythatoriginallycreatedthe“thing”generallyknownasVelcro®.(Velcro®是一种钩环装置，通常用于各种产品，如鞋子，夹克以及办公室，厨房和车库的许多其他设备。这也是最初创造“东西”的公司的名字，通常被称为Velcro®。)”可知，文章讲述了魔术贴发明的背景、过程及影响。由此可知，B项“Aremarkablecreation.(一个非凡的创造)”是文章主旨。故选B。CAnewinsect-sizedrobotcalledBee++canflyaroundwithafullsixdegreesoffreedommarkinganincredibleadvanceinmicrotoboticsthathasthepotentialtohelpwitheverythingfromartificialpollination(授粉)tosearchandrescueoperations.Therobot,developedbyateamofresearchersledbyNéstorO.Pérez-Arancibia,anassociateprofessoratWashingtonStateUniversity(WSU),hasfourwingsmadeoutofcarbonfiberandalightweightactuator(制动器)tocontrolthewing.Itisthefirstrobotofitskindtoflystablyinalldirections,accordingtoaWSUstatement,includingtheturningmotionknownasyaw(偏航)—typicallythehardestforrobotstomanagesuccessfully.Therobotisdecadesinthemaking,withroboticsresearchersaroundtheworldlookingtodevelopanartificialflyinginsectthatcouldsomedayprovidenewwaystopollinateplants,carryoutbiologicalresearch,andconductsearchandrescueoperationsintightenvironments,likeacollapsedbuildingorstructure.In2019,Pérez-ArancibiaandtwoPhDstudentsbuiltafour-wingedinsectrobotthatwaslightenoughtoliftoffaswellasroll,givingitfourdegreesoffreedom,butthefinaltwodegrees,knownasyaw,washardertoachieve.“Ifyoucan’tcontrolyaw,you’resuperlimited,”Pérez-Arancibiasaid.“Ifyou’reabee,hereistheflower,butifyoucan’tcontroltheyaw,youaregoingaroundallthetimeasyoutrytogetthere.”“Thesystemishighlyunstable,andtheproblemissuperhard,”hecontinued.“Formanyyears,peoplehadtheoreticalideasabouthowtocontrolyaw,butnobodycouldachieveitduetoactuationlimitations.”Atjust95mgandpossessing33mmwingspan,thebeerobotisstilllargerthantheaveragebee,butit’sanimportantstepinthedevelopmentoffunctionalrobotsofthiskind,andoneofthebiggestproblemswiththeirdevelopmenthasbeencleared.8.What’sthebreakthroughresearchershaveachievedwithBee++?A.They’vediscoveredanewmaterial. B.They’vecreatedalightweightactuator.C.They’vefiguredouthowtocontrolyaw. D.They’vemadethefirstinsect-sizedrobot.9.Whatmightbeadisadvantageofthe2019four-wingedinsectrobot?A.Highcosts. B.Heavyweight.C.Longconstructiontime. D.Limitationofmovement.10.WhatcanbeinferredfromPérez-Arancibia’sremarks?A.It’sabigchallengetocontrolyaw.B.Bee++’ssystemneedsimprovement.C.Actuationlimitationsarecommonproblems.D.Theoreticalresearchneedstobefurtherexpanded.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheYaw:TheBiggestChallengeinRoboticDesignB.RoboticBeesCouldHelpPollinateCropslikeRealBeesC.TheBee++:NewInsect-sizedRobotwithLimitedPotentialD.NewRoboticBeeCreatedwithFullFreedomofMovement【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了科学家们研制出了一种实现了六度自由的名为Bee++(蜜蜂++)的新型昆虫大小的机器人，成功控制了偏航，突破了以往机器人行动上的局限性。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Itisthefirstrobotofitskindtoflystablyinalldirections,accordingtoaWSUstatement,includingtheturningmotionknownasyaw(偏航)—typicallythehardestforrobotstomanagesuccessfully.(根据华盛顿州立大学的一份声明，这是同类机器人中第一个在所有方向上稳定飞行的机器人，包括被称为偏航的转弯运动——这通常是机器人最难成功控制的。)”可知，研究人员开发的蜜蜂++是第一个在各个方向稳定飞行的机器人，包括在被称为偏航的转弯运动上，这是其他机器人难以做到的，由此可知，蜜蜂++在如何控制偏航扭转运动上取得了突破性进展。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“In2019,Pérez-ArancibiaandtwoPhDstudentsbuiltafour-wingedinsectrobotthatwaslightenoughtoliftoffaswellasroll,givingitfourdegreesoffreedom,butthefinaltwodegrees,knownasyaw,washardertoachieve.(2019年，prez-aranciia和两名博士生制造了一个四翼昆虫机器人，它足够轻，既可以起飞也可以滚动，给了它四个自由度，但最后两个自由度，即偏航，很难实现。)”可知，2019年制造的四翼昆虫机器人只实现了四度自由，而偏航很难控制，由此可知，其缺陷是行动受限。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段中Pérez-Arancibia说的话“Formanyyears,peoplehadtheoreticalideasabouthowtocontrolyaw,butnobodycouldachieveitduetoactuationlimitations.(多年来，人们对如何控制偏航有了理论上的想法，但由于驱动的限制，没有人能够实现。)”可知，多年来，人们对控制偏航有理论上的想法，但是没有人能实现，由此可推断，控制偏航是一个巨大的挑战。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据首段“Anewinsect-sizedrobotcalledBee++canflyaroundwithafullsixdegreesoffreedom,markinganincredibleadvanceinmicrotoboticsthathasthepotentialtohelpwitheverythingfromartificialpollination(授粉)tosearchandrescueoperations.(一种名为Bee++的新型昆虫大小的机器人可以在整整六个自由度的范围内飞行，这标志着微型机器人的一个令人难以置信的进步，它有可能帮助从人工授粉到搜索和救援行动的一切。)”并结合下文中对该机器人的研发过程的简单介绍可知，本文主要介绍了科学家们研制出了实现了六度自由的蜜蜂++机器人，成功控制了偏航，突破了以往机器人行动上的局限性，所以本文的题目为“全方位自由飞行的新型蜜蜂机器人诞生”符合主旨，可以作为文章的最佳标题。故选D项。DSince1992,peoplehavebeentalkingabout“Dunbar’snumber”,thesupposedupperlimitofthenumberofpeoplewithwhomapersoncanmaintainstablesocialrelationships.NamedforBritishscientistRobinDunbar,itsvalue,roundedfrom148to150,haspermeatedbothprofessionalandpopularculture.TheSwedishtaxationauthoritykeepsofficesunder150peopleasaresultofit,andthestandardfacilitiesoftheW.L.GoreandAssociatescompanyarebasedaroundtheconcept.Dunbar’snumberwascitedinthebestsellingbookTippingPoint,anditalsohasafairamountofacademicinfluence,theoriginalpaperhavingbeencited2,500times.Despiteitsfame,Dunbar’snumberisprobablywrong,accordingtoanewstudy.LesswellknownthanthevalueofDunbar’snumberishowhecameupwithit.Thevalueof150isdeterminedbylookingattheratio(比率)betweenthesizeofacertainpartoftheprimate(灵长类动物)brainandtheaveragesizeofgroupstheyform.Theseratioswerethenappliedtodataonthehumanbrain,andtheaveragevalueofroughly150relationshipswasdetermined.Inthenewstudy,theresearchersdidsimilarcalculationsbutwithupdatedinformationonthesizeofmonkeybrainsandsocialnetworks.WhentheresearchersappliedDunbar’sexactsamemethodstotheirnewdata,theyfoundthatthevaluewasbetweenroughly5and292people.Thisisfartoowidearangetobeofanyuse.Additionally,theresearchersnotedthefactthathumanbrainsoftenworkdifferentlythanthoseofournearestevolutionary(进化的)cousins,asevidencedbyourabilitytocreatethings.Theideathatwewouldprocesssocialinformationexactlylikeotherprimatesdoisaboldandlargelyunsupportedclaim.So,isthereanewDunbarnumber?Well,thisisn’tthepointofthisstudy.Theresearchersendtheirpaperwith:“Itisourhopethatthisstudywillputanendtotheuseof‘Dunbar’snumber’withinscienceandinpopularmedia…”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”permeated“inparagraph1mean?A.Wellpreserved. B.Deeplyaffected.C.Dependedheavilyon. D.Takenfulladvantageof.13.WhydidtheresearchersdismisstheideaofDunbar’snumber?A.Dunbar’snumberhasalwaysbeenthesubjectofdebate.B.Thesamplesinthestudyweretoosmalltobeofanyuse.C.ThecalculationsleadingtoDunbar’snumberweretoocomplex.D.Theratiofromprimatescouldn’tbecarriedovertohumans.14.Whatmightbethepurposeofthenewstudy?A.ToreplaceDunbar’snumber.B.ToofferDunbar’snumbernewevidence.C.TostopthespreadingofDunbar’snumber.D.TofindnewapplicationsofDunbar’snumber.15.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanwefindthistext?A.Animal. B.Science.C.Culture. D.Education.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自1992年以来一直受到热议的“邓巴数字”的由来及其所产生的影响，以及一项新研究中对“邓巴数字”提出的质疑。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中所列举的例子“Dunbar’snumberwascitedinthebestsellingbookTippingPoint,anditalsohasafairamountofacademicinfluence,theoriginalpaperhavingbeencited2,500times.(邓巴的数字在畅销书《引爆点》中被引用，它也有相当大的学术影响力，原始论文被引用了2500次。)”可知，邓巴数字对文学及学术有着巨大影响，结合单词所在的句子中的“bothprofessionalandpopularculture(专业和流行文化)”提到了邓巴数字与专业和流行文化之间的关系，由此可推断,permeated意为“深深影响”，deeplyaffected与其意思相近。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“WhentheresearchersappliedDunbar’sexactsamemethodstotheirnewdata,theyfoundthatthevaluewasbetweenroughly5and292people.Thisisfartoowidearangetobeofanyuse.(当研究人员将邓巴完全相同的方法应用于他们的新数据时，他们发现这个值大约在5到292人之间。这个范围太广了，没有任何用处。)”可知，研究者们使用邓巴的方法研究新的数据，得出的数值范围太大，没有任何意义，结合倒数第二段“Theideathatwewouldprocesssocialinformationexactlylikeotherprimatesdoisaboldandlargelyunsupportedclaim.(认为我们会像其他灵长类动物一样处理社会信息的想法是一个大胆且基本上没有证据支持的说法。)”可知，研究人员指出人类会像其他灵长类动物一样处理社会信息的观点在很大程度上是没有根据的，由此可推断，研究人员否定邓巴数字是因为他们认为从灵长类动物那里获得的数据并不适用于人类。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Theresearchersendtheirpaperwith:“Itisourhopethatthisstudywillputanendtotheuseof‘Dunbar’snumber’withinscienceandinpopularmedia…”(研究人员在论文的结尾写道：“我们希望这项研究能结束‘邓巴数字’在科学界和大众媒体中的使用……”)”可知，新研究的以自己的愿望结束了论文，由此可知，新研究的目的是希望人们能够终止对邓巴数字的使用。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，且根据第三段“Despiteitsfame,Dunbar’snumberisprobablywrong,accordingtoanewstudy.(根据一项新的研究，尽管邓巴的数字很有名，但它可能是错误的。)”以及文章中的“thehumanbrain(人类大脑)”和“thesizeofmonkeybrains(猴子大脑的大小)”等关键词可推断，我们可能会在网站的科学版块看到这篇文章。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Doesyoursonordaughtergetreallynervousbeforeagame?MyeldestsondoesandasamomIjustwanttohughimtightly.___16___I’vedefinitelyfoundthatbeingtoo“Mom”isnotalwaysthebestsolutionsoI’vemadealittlelistofthethingsthathelpcalmmyson,andsomeofthesemightworkforyourkid,aswell.___17___Itmightbeyourinstinct(本能)totrytostophisanxietybyremindinghimofabunchofthingstothinkaboutonyourwaytothegame.Stop.Itriedthatandallitseemedtodowasmakehimmoreanxious.Hetoldmehedidn’treallywanttothinkabouteverydetailbeforehegotthereandhejustwantedtobeabletoclearhismind.Besides,that’swhatpracticeisfor…workingoutallthosedetails.___18___Encouragedeepbreathingandstretching.Deepbreathingisagreatmethodforcalmingnerves.___19___Stretchingdoeswondersforthemindandbodybeforeagame.I’vefoundthatgettingmysontothegamesalittleearlyandhavinghimstretchisalsoagreatwayforhimtorelaxandbereadyandfocused.Givehimchewinggum(口香糖).Thereissomeresearchavailableclaimingthatchewinggumhelpscalmnervesandreducestress.Accordingtolifehack.org,chewinggumlowersCortisollevels,alsoknownasthe”stresshormone(激素)”.___20___Thisassistswithfocus,becausechewingwarmsupthebrain.A.Notawordaboutthegame.B.Don’ttalkaboutitontheway.C.Butthat’sthelastthingIcando.D.Italsoincreasesbloodflowtothebrain.E.Sugar-freeisthebestkindofgumtochew.F.However,ifhewantstotalk,pickuparelaxingtopic.G.It’salsoagreatwaytogetoxygentothelungsandtissues.【答案】16.C17.B18.F19.G20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章针对如何缓解孩子在体育比赛前的紧张和焦虑提出了几点建议。【16题详解】根据空前的“MyeldestsondoesandasamomIjustwanttohughimtightly.(我的大儿子确实会焦虑，作为妈妈，我只想要紧紧抱住他)”可知，作为妈妈，对大儿子的焦虑只想紧紧抱住他，结合空后的“I’vedefinitelyfoundthatbeingtoo“Mom”isnotalwaysthebestsolutionsoI’vemadealittlelistofthethingsthathelpcalmmyson,andsomeofthesemightworkforyourkid,aswell.(我确实发现，过于“妈妈”并不总是最好的解决办法，所以我列出了一些帮助我儿子平静下来的事情，其中一些可能对你的孩子也有用。)”可知，作者发现确实发现表现得太‘妈妈气’并不总是解决问题的最佳方法，由此可知，此空处应为承上启下的作用，C选项“Butthat’sthelastthingIcando.(但那是我最不能做的事。)”讲述的内容承上启下，与上文构成转折关系，与下文构成因果关系，符合语境。故选C项。【17题详解】分析语篇可知，此空处应为本段的主题句，根据空后的“Itmightbeyourinstinct(本能)totrytostophisanxietybyremindinghimofabunchofthingstothinkaboutonyourwaytothegame.Stop.Itriedthatandallitseemedtodowasmakehimmoreanxious.(在去比赛的路上，你可能会本能地提醒他一些需要思考的事情，以此来阻止他的焦虑。停止。我试过了，但似乎只是让他变得更焦虑了。)”可知，作者在去比赛的路上提醒他一些需要思考的事情，不但不能阻止他的焦虑，反而会让他更焦虑，所以此处作者应建议不要在路上谈论比赛，B选项“Don’ttalkaboutitontheway.(不要在路上谈论比赛。)”为祈使句，且讲述的内容与本段内容一致，可作为本段的主旨句，符合语境。故选B项。【18题详解】根据空前的“Hetoldmehedidn’treallywanttothinkabouteverydetailbeforehegotthereandhejustwantedtobeabletoclearhismind.Besides,that’swhatpracticeisfor…workingoutallthosedetails.(他告诉我，他真的不想在到达那里之前考虑每一个细节，他只是想让自己的头脑清醒一下。此外，这就是练习的目的，解决所有的细节问题。)”可知，孩子不想考虑任何细节，只是想头脑清醒一下，结合本段的讲述的主题内容是不要在路上谈论比赛的事情，F选项“However,ifhewantstotalk,pickuparelaxingtopic.(然而，如果他想谈论，找一个轻松点儿的话题聊一聊。)”讲述的内容与上文构成转折关系，且选项中的talk和topic与本段的话题相呼应。故选F项。【19题详解】根据本段的主题句“Encouragedeepbreathingandstretching.(鼓励深呼吸和伸展运动。)”以及空前的“Deepbreathingisagreatmethodforcalmingnerves.(深呼吸是稳定情绪的好方法。)”可知，本段讲述的是深呼吸对减轻焦虑的好处，G选项“It’salsoagreatwaytogetoxygentothelungsandtissues(这也是向肺部和组织输送氧气的好方法。)”讲述的内容仍旧与深呼吸的好处相关，与前一句构成并列关系，且符合本段的主旨。故选G项。【20题详解】根据本段的主题句“Givehimchewinggum(口香糖).(让他嚼口香糖。)”可知，本段主要围绕嚼口香糖的好处展开，根据空前的“Accordingtolifehack.org,chewinggumlowersCortisollevels,alsoknownasthe”stresshormone(激素)”.(根据lifehack的说法。例如，嚼口香糖会降低皮质醇水平，也就是所谓的“压力激素”。)”可知，有一些研究声称咀嚼口香糖可以帮助平静情绪和缓解压力，因为嚼口香糖可以降低皮质醇水平，也就是降低应激激素，根据空后的“Thisassistswithfocus,becausechewingwarmsupthebrain.(这有助于集中注意力，因为咀嚼会使大脑升温。)”可知，这样有助于集中注意力，因为咀嚼会让大脑活跃起来，D选项“Italsoincreasesbloodflowtothebrain.(这也会增加大脑的血液流量。)”讲述的内容与空后的内容构成顺承关系，且空后的This指代嚼口香糖增加大脑血液流量这一作用。故选D项。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Myhusbandhadtostayinhospitalforamonth.Ihadtoaskmyschoolfora___21___.Ienteredmyclassroom,readytotellthekidstherewouldbeasupplyteacher.ThenIfoundagreenenvelope.“What’sthis?”Iasked___22___,pickinguptheenvelope,so___23___thatitbarelyclosed.AsI___24___it,coinsanddollarbillsfellout—fives,tens,twenties.Obviously,someonehad___25___themofmyhusband’sdiagnosis(诊断).ButIhadneverexpectedtheywould___26___insuchaway.Howhadthesekids___27___thatmuchmoney?Mythroattightenedwith___28___.“Ican’ttakethis.”Iattemptedto___29___it.“Wehadintendedtogetyou____30____,”onestudent,Jesse,said.“Butwedecidedtogiveyouthemoneysothatyoucanbuywhatyouneed.Weguessthatmightbemore____31____.”Theylookedatmesilentlybutwitheagerness.Iheldupthecash,andquickly____32____theamount:thatwouldbuyalotofflowers.Astheadultintheroom,Ifelt____33____foracceptingcashfromteenagers,buttheireagerfacesgavemeno____34____.Moreimportantthantheenvelopeinmyhandwasthe____35____intheirheartsandthelessontheyhadtaughtthemselves:howwonderfulitfeelstomeetsomeone’sneedandtomakeadifference.21.A.familyleave B.helpinghand C.publicdonation D.scholarshipfund22.A.anxiously B.enjoyably C.wonderingly D.hopefully23.A.full B.new C.simple D.big24.A.delivered B.unfolded C.read D.stuffed25.A.warned B.reminded C.persuaded D.informed26.A.handle B.react C.plan D.appear27.A.collected B.saved C.earned D.stolen28.A.worry B.desire C.effort D.emotion29.A.admit B.approve C.refuse D.appreciate30.A.support B.comfort C.gifts D.flowers31.A.valuable B.practical C.significant D.attractive32.A.estimated B.recognized C.confirmed D.declared33.A.depressed B.dull C.guilty D.pitiful34.A.change B.challenge C.chance D.choice35.A.courage B.kindness C.trust D.devotion【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.B25.D26.B27.A28.D29.C30.D31.B32.A33.C34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者的丈夫生病需要照顾，作者不得不请假一个月，准备告诉学生们的时候，学生们却给作者捐款的故事。【21题详解】考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：我不得不向学校请家事假。A.familyleave家庭休假；B.helpinghand帮手；C.publicdonation公众捐款；D.scholarshipfund奖学金基金。根据上文中的“Myhusbandhadtostayinhospitalforamonth.”可知，作者的丈夫住院一个月，所以此处指的是作者不得不“请家事假”照顾丈夫。故选A项。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“这是什么？”我惊奇地问，拿起信封，信封太满了，几乎合不上。A.anxiously焦虑地；B.enjoyably愉快地；C.wonderingly惊讶地；D.hopefully有希望地。根据上文中的““What’sthis?””可知，作者问这是什么，由此可知，作者感到“惊奇”。故选C项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这是什么？”我惊奇地问，拿起信封，信封太满了，几乎合不上。A.full满；B.new新的；C.simple简单的；D.big大的。根据下文中的“thatitbarelyclosed.”可知，信封几乎都合不上，所以此处指的是信封里“太满”了。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我打开它时，硬币和美元的钞票从里面掉了出来，有5元的，10元的，20元的。A.delivered传送；B.unfolded打开；C.read阅读；D.stuffed填满。根据下文中的“coinsanddollarbillsfellout—fives,tens,twenties.”可知，很多的硬币和钞票掉了出来，所以此处指的是作者“打开”信封。故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，有人把我丈夫的诊断告诉了他们。A.warned警告；B.reminded提醒；C.persuaded说服；D.informed告知。根据语境以及上文中的““What’sthis?”Iasked___2___,pickinguptheenvelope,so___3___thatitbarelyclosed.AsI___4___it,coinsanddollarbillsfellout—fives,tens,twenties.”可知，孩子们为作者准备了捐款信封，由此可知，有人“告知”学生们作者丈夫的事情。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我从来没有想到他们会有这样的反应。A.handle处理；B.react作出回应；C.plan计划；D.appear出现。根据语境和上文中的“ButIhadneverexpected”以及下文中的“insuchaway.”可知，作者的学生知道了作者丈夫的事情，给作者捐款，所以此处指的是作者没有想到学生们会用这种方式“回应”这件事。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些孩子是怎么筹到那么多钱的？A.collected收集，募集；B.saved节约；C.earned赢得；D.stolen偷。根据语境和下文中的“thatmuchmoney”可知，作者见到给她捐赠的这些钱，想知道学生们是怎么“筹集”到的这些钱。故选A项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我激动得喉咙发紧。A.worry担忧；B.desire渴望；C.effort努力；D.emotion情绪。根据上文中的“Mythroattightened”可知，作者的喉咙发紧，由此可知，作者应该是很“激动”，withemotion意为“激动地”符合语境。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我不能带走它。”我试图拒绝它。A.admit承认；B.approve批准；C.refuse拒绝；D.apprecia