GNSS-RTK形变监测实时数据处理方法研究

GNSS-RTK形变监测实时数据处理方法研究Abstract:GlobalNavigationSatelliteSystemReal-TimeKinematic(GNSS-RTK)technologyhasbeenwidelyusedinvariousfieldsincludingdeformationmonitoring.Inordertoobtainaccurateandreliabledeformationmonitoringresults,itiscrucialtodevelopeffectivedataprocessingmethods.ThispaperpresentsacomprehensivereviewofGNSS-RTKtechnologyanddeformationmonitoring,aswellasanin-depthanalysisofthecurrentresearchstatusandchallenges.Moreover,basedontheactualprojectdata,apracticalGNSS-RTKdeformationmonitoringdataprocessingmethodisproposedandverified.Theresultsshowthattheproposedmethodcaneffectivelyimprovetheaccuracyandreliabilityofdeformationmonitoring.Keywords:GNSS,RTK,deformationmonitoring,dataprocessing,accuracy,reliabilityIntroduction:GNSS-RTKtechnologyisareal-timepositioningandmeasurementtechnologythatenablesahigh-precisionpositioningofobjectsinbothstaticanddynamicapplications.Ithasbeenwidelyusedinvariousfieldssuchassurveying,navigation,andearthscience,duetoitshighaccuracy,real-timecapability,andglobalcoverage.Inrecentyears,GNSS-RTKtechnologyhasbecomeanimportanttoolfordeformationmonitoring,whichplaysacrucialroleinengineeringandgeosciences.Deformationmonitoringistheprocessofmeasuringandanalyzingthechangesintheshape,position,andsizeofanobjectorstructureovertime.Itiscommonlyusedtodetectandquantifythedeformationofbuildings,bridges,dams,andotherinfrastructure.Accuratedeformationmonitoringisessentialforensuringthesafetyandreliabilityofstructuresandidentifyingpotentialrisks.InGNSS-RTKdeformationmonitoring,high-precisionGNSSreceiversareinstalledontheobjectorstructuretobemonitored,andthereal-timemeasurementsofthepositionandvelocityofthereceiveraretransmittedtothemonitoringcenterfordataprocessingandanalysis.TheGNSS-RTKtechnologyrequirestworeceivers,oneatthereferencestationandtheotheratthemonitoringstation,toobtainmillimeter-levelaccuracyinreal-time.DataprocessingisacriticalstepinGNSS-RTKdeformationmonitoring,whichdirectlyaffectstheaccuracyandreliabilityofthemonitoringresults.Thereareseveralchallengesindataprocessing,suchasatmosphericeffects,multi-patheffects,andreceivernoise,whichcancauseerrorsandbiasesinthemeasurements.Therefore,itisimportanttodevelopeffectivedataprocessingmethodstomitigatetheseeffectsandimprovetheaccuracyandreliabilityofthemonitoringresults.Currentresearchstatus:TherehavebeennumerousstudiesonGNSS-RTKdeformationmonitoring,focusingondifferentaspectssuchasdataacquisition,dataprocessing,andanalysis,aswellasdifferentapplicationssuchasbridges,dams,andlandslides.However,therearestillseveralchallengesindeformationmonitoring,suchastheaccuracyofthereferencestation,theimpactofatmosphericeffects,andtheresolutionofthedeformationsignal.Atpresent,themostwidelyusedGNSS-RTKdataprocessingmethodsfordeformationmonitoringarethePrecisePointPositioning(PPP)andDifferentialGPS(DGPS)methods.ThePPPmethodcanprovidehigh-precisionresultswithouttheneedforareferencestation,butitrequiresalongerdataacquisitiontimeandissensitivetotheatmosphericeffects.TheDGPSmethodrequiresareferencestation,whichprovidesahigh-precisioncorrectiontothemeasurements,butitislimitedbythedistancebetweenthereferencestationandthemonitoringstation.Therefore,thechoiceofdataprocessingmethodshouldbebasedonthespecificapplicationandrequirements.Proposedmethod:Basedontheactualprojectdata,apracticalGNSS-RTKdeformationmonitoringdataprocessingmethodisproposedinthispaper.Theproposedmethodconsistsofthreesteps:dataprocessing,dataanalysis,anderroranalysis.Inthedataprocessingstep,thePPPmethodisusedtoobtainhigh-precisionpositioningresultsforthemonitoringstation.TheatmosphericeffectsarecorrectedusingtheInternationalGNSSService(IGS)troposphericandionosphericproducts.Thereceivernoiseandmulti-patheffectsaremitigatedbyapplyingthecarrier-phasesmoothingandambiguityresolutiontechniques.Inthedataanalysisstep,thedeformationsignalisextractedbysubtractingthestaticpositionsfromthedynamicpositions.Thedeformationsignalisthenfilteredusingthewavelettransformmethod,whichcaneffectivelypreservethehigh-frequencycomponentsandeliminatethenoise.Intheerroranalysisstep,theaccuracyandreliabilityofthedeformationmonitoringresultsareevaluatedbycomparingtheGNSS-RTKresultswiththetraditionalsurveyingresults.Theroot-mean-squareerror(RMSE)andstandarddeviationarecalculatedtoquantifytheaccuracyofthedeformationmonitoringresults.Verificationandresults:TheproposedmethodwasappliedtothedeformationmonitoringofabridgeinChina.Themonitoringperiodwasoneyear,andthedatawerecollectedevery15minutes.Theresultsshowthattheproposedmethodcaneffectivelydetectthedeformationofthebridgeandprovideaccurateandreliablemonitoringresults.Comparedwiththetraditionalsurveyingmethod,theGNSS-RTKdeformationmonitoringresultshaveahighlevelofcorrelationandconsistency.TheRMSEandstandarddeviationofthedeformationmonitoringresultsarewithintheacceptablerangeandmeettherequire