老高考适用2023版高考英语二轮总复习第1部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意题

第一部分专题一第4讲主旨大意题A(2022·内蒙古包头市高三第二次模拟考试)Iwasbornwithnemalinerodmuscularmyopathy,whichisararediseaseandmakesmeweak.Therefore,Iuseanelectricwheelchairtogetaroundandaventilator(呼吸机)tohelpmebreathe.SoIhavetheunusualbodyshape,asize6everywhereelseandasize12inmywaist.Growingup,Iʼdalwayslovedfashion,butinmylaterteens,Ireallydiscoveredmystyle—classicmodern.WhenIwas18yearsold,Ibecameapart-ownerofaracehorseandnowIhavesharesinseveralhorses.AsIstartedgoingtotheraces,Istartedpostingmoreonsocialmedia,includingtheoutfitsIwaswearing.Iwasdoingitjustforfunbutthenpeoplebecamemoreinterested.Thedressingup,however,gotevenmoreextravagantandcostmuchwhenIstartedcompetinginFashionsontheField.Findingoutfitsthatfittedmybodyshapewhilealsokeepingwithmystylebecameincreasinglyhard.Eventually,mymumwentfromjustchangingmyclothestosewingcompleteoutfits,whichalsohelpedussavealotofmoney.Thankstohereffort,IfirstwonFashionsontheFieldlastyearinawhiteandblackdress.ThisyearImadethetop10inMyerFashion.IwastheonlypersonwithaphysicaldisabilitytocompeteinMyerFashionthisyear.IwasalsonamedinVogueAustraliaasoneofthebestracingstylesfromMyerFashions.Afterthat,IgotaBachelorofCommerce,majoringinmarketingandadvertising,atCurtinUniversity,whereIdiscoveredmypassionfordigitalmarketing.Asaresultoftheremoteinternshipandwantingtoworkinthedigitalmarketingspace,Istartedasmalldigitalmarketingagency.MybusinesshasjustturnedayearoldandIalreadyhavefivefull-timeclientsaswellassomeadditionalworkforothers.1．WhatʼsthemainideaofParagraph1？________A．Theauthorʼsdream.B．Thewaytheauthorgetsaround.C．Thereasonwhytheauthorlovesfashion.D．Thereasonwhytheauthorhasanunusualbody.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extravagant”inParagraph2mean？________A．Ordinary. B．Traditional.C．Luxurious. D．Boring.3．WhatdidtheauthorwearwhenshefirstwonFashionsontheField？________A．Acolorfuldress.B．Anexpensiveoutfit.C．Anup-to-datedress.D．Adressmadebyhermother.4．Whichofthefollowingmightbeapropertitleofthetext？________A．PhysicaldisabilitywonʼtstandinmywayB．BeingweakanddisabledchangedmylifeC．CompetinginFashionsontheFieldmademylifeD．ThereasonwhyIworkedinthedigitalmarketingspace【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者身体残疾，但是没有让身体残疾阻挡自己的成功之路，最终在时尚、学业和生意上取得了很大成功。1．D主旨大意题。根据第一段“Iwasbornwithnemalinerodmuscularmyopathy,whichisararediseaseandmakesmeweak.Therefore,Iuseanelectricwheelchairtogetaroundandaventilator(呼吸机)tohelpmebreathe.SoIhavetheunusualbodyshape,asize6everywhereelseandasize12inmywaist.(我生下来就患有内马琳杆状肌病，这是一种罕见的疾病，让我很虚弱。因此，我使用电动轮椅四处走动并使用呼吸机来帮助我呼吸。所以我的体型很特别，其他别的地方都是6码，腰部是12码。)”可知，第一段作者解释了自己为什么是特殊体型，因为患有特殊疾病，使用电动轮椅和呼吸机，因此体型特殊。故选D。2．C词句猜测题。根据下文“costmuchwhenIstartedcompetinginFashionsontheField(当我开始在赛场上参加时尚界的比赛时，花很多钱)”可知，这些装扮花钱很多，因此推断是奢侈的，画线词与C项“Luxurious(奢侈的)”意思相近。故选C。3．D细节理解题。根据第三段“Findingoutfitsthatfittedmybodyshapewhilealsokeepingwithmystylebecameincreasinglyhard.Eventually,mymumwentfromjustchangingmyclothestosewingcompleteoutfits,whichalsohelpedussavealotofmoney.Thankstohereffort,IfirstwonFashionsontheFieldlastyearinawhiteandblackdress.(找到既适合我的体型又符合我风格的衣服变得越来越难。最后，我妈妈从给我换衣服变成给我缝全套衣服，这也帮我们节省了很多钱。多亏了她的努力，去年我穿着一件黑白相间的裙子第一次赢得了FashionsontheField的冠军。)”可知，作者赢得FashionsontheField的比赛穿得是她母亲制作的衣服。故选D。4．A主旨大意题。根据第一段“Iwasbornwithnemalinerodmuscularmyopathy,whichisararediseaseandmakesmeweak.Therefore,Iuseanelectricwheelchairtogetaroundandaventilator(呼吸机)tohelpmebreathe.SoIhavetheunusualbodyshape,asize6everywhereelseandasize12inmywaist.(我生下来就患有内马琳杆状肌病，这是一种罕见的疾病，让我很虚弱。因此，我使用电动轮椅四处走动并使用呼吸机来帮助我呼吸。所以我的体型很特别，其他别的地方都是6码，腰部是12码。)”，第三段“Thankstohereffort,IfirstwonFashionsontheFieldlastyearinawhiteandblackdress.ThisyearImadethetop10inMyerFashion.(多亏了她的努力，去年我穿着一件黑白相间的裙子第一次赢得了FashionsontheField的冠军。今年我进了MyerFashion的前十。)”，第四段“IwastheonlypersonwithaphysicaldisabilitytocompeteinMyerFashionthisyear.IwasalsonamedinVogueAustraliaasoneofthebestracingstylesfromMyerFashions.Afterthat,IgotaBachelorofCommerce,majoringinmarketingandadvertising,atCurtinUniversity,whereIdiscoveredmypassionfordigitalmarketing.(我是今年参加MyerFashion比赛的唯一一个身体残疾的人。我还被《Vogue》澳大利亚版评为Myer时尚最好的赛车风格之一。在那之后，我在科廷大学获得了市场营销和广告专业的商业学士学位，在那里我发现了自己对数字营销的热情。)”以及全文内容可知，文章讲述了作者尽管身体残疾，但是没有让身体残疾阻挡自己的成功之路，最终在时尚、学业和生意上取得了很大成功。因此推断A项“身体残疾不会挡在我的路上”为最佳标题。故选A。B(2022·甘肃省高三第一次高考诊断考试)Itʼsnosecretthatwalkingisgoodforyou.Manyofusaretryingtogetinthoserecommended10，000stepsadaythatourwearablefitnesstechnologyurgesustoachieve.Buthowmanycaloriesareweactuallyburning,andhowcanwegetthemostoutofthosesteps?Findanswersintheseways.Doyouknowthetruthaboutcalorie-burning?Walkingisamoderateintensityformofexercise.Togetthemostcalorie-burningbenefits,then,itwouldseemthatwalkingataconsistentlylightpacewouldmakethemostsense.Payattentiontoyourheartrateandhowyoufeel.Wearabletechnologiescancertainlyprovideanideaofprogresstowardyourcalorie-burninggoals.Usingafitnesstrackerequipmenttohelpyourecognizewhenyoureachyourtargetheartratezonescanhelpyoumaximizethecalorie-burning.Walkingisoftenconsideredasagreatfat-burningexercise,andforgoodreason.Youcanʼtreallywalkathigherintensitiesbecauseofthenatureoftheexercise;therefore,youendupinlow-intensityzones,whereyoutendtoburnmorefat.Whenyouʼrewalkingatalighterintensitywithyourheartrateinthe57%to63%range,youaremorelikelytobeusingfatforfuel.Nomatterwhatyourspeedis,formmatters.Whendonewithgoodform,walkingisanincrediblybeneficialformofexercisefortotalhealthandwellnessbeyondmerecaloricburn.Moreover,walkingisthemostaccessibleformofexercisebecauseitdoesnʼtrequireanyspecialclothes,equipmentormemberships.Whetheryourgoalisfatloss,increasedfitnessorsimplyenhancingyouroverallhealthandwellness,walkingoffersallthesebenefitsandmore.5．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph1？________A．Tointroducethetopic.B．Tocomparewalkingwithotherexercise.C．Toexplainthewearablefitnesstechnology.D．Toshowtheimportanceof10，000stepsaday.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intensity”inParagraph2mean？________A．Depth. B．Strength.C．Height. D．Distance.7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext？________A．Walkingathighintensitiesisrecommended.B．Yourwalkingspeedisthemostimportanttocalorie-burning.C．Walkingcanburncaloriesbetterifyouwalkinaproperform.D．Itismoreconvenienttowalkforthosewhohaveagymmembership.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？________A．10，000StepsaDayMattersB．WalkingBenefitsYourHeartC．HowtoBestBurnCalorieswhileWalkingD．HowtoUseWearableFitnessTechnologieswhileWalking【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何在走路时最好地燃烧卡路里。5．A推理判断题。根据第一段“Itʼsnosecretthatwalkingisgoodforyou.Manyofusaretryingtogetinthoserecommended10，000stepsadaythatourwearablefitnesstechnologyurgesustoachieve.Buthowmanycaloriesareweactuallyburning,andhowcanwegetthemostoutofthosesteps?Findanswersintheseways.(众所周知，散步对你有好处。我们中的许多人都在努力达到每天10000步的建议步数，这是可穿戴健身技术敦促我们实现的目标。但是我们实际上燃烧了多少卡路里，我们怎样才能最大限度地利用这些步子呢？用这些方法寻找答案。)”可知，第一段的写作目的是为了引入如何正确散步这个话题。故选A。6．B词句猜测题。根据下文“Togetthemostcalorie-burningbenefits,then,itwouldseemthatwalkingataconsistentlylightpacewouldmakethemostsense.(因此，为了获得最大的卡路里燃烧效益，似乎以持续的轻步伐走路是最有意义的。)”可知，持续的轻步伐能燃烧最多的卡路里。由此可知，散步是一种中等强度的运动，即intensity意为“强度”。故选B。7．C推理判断题。根据第三段“Youcanʼtreallywalkathigherintensitiesbecauseofthenatureoftheexercise;therefore,youendupinlow-intensityzones,whereyoutendtoburnmorefat.Whenyouʼrewalkingatalighterintensitywithyourheartrateinthe57%to63%range,youaremorelikelytobeusingfatforfuel.Nomatterwhatyourspeedis,formmatters.(由于该运动的性质，你不能在高强度下散步；因此，你最终会进入低强度区域，在那里你会燃烧更多的脂肪。当你以较轻的强度行走，你的心率在57%到63%之间时，你更有可能使用脂肪作为燃料。无论你的速度如何，形式都很重要。)”可知，如果你走路的形式合适，走路可以更好地燃烧卡路里。故选C。8．C标题归纳题。根据第一段“Buthowmanycaloriesareweactuallyburning,andhowcanwegetthemostoutofthosesteps?Findanswersintheseways.(但是我们实际上燃烧了多少卡路里，我们怎样才能最大限度地利用这些步子呢？用这些方法寻找答案。)”结合下文讲到的方法可知，文章主要讲述了如何在走路时最好地燃烧卡路里。故选C。C(2022·云南省第一次高中毕业生复习统一检测)MoreplantsaregrowingandexpandingaroundMountEverest(localnameMountQomolangma)astheareacontinuestoexperiencetheconsequencesofglobalwarming,researchershavefound.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofExeterintheUnitedKingdomusedsatellitedatatoestablishincreasesinsubnivalvegetation—plantsthatgrowbetweenthetreelineandthesnowline.UsingNASALandsatsatellitedatafrom1993to2018,scientistsmeasured“smallbutsignificant”increasesinvegetationcoverbetween4，150and6，000metersabovesealevel.“Therearenowmoreareasthatarecoveredinplantsthantherewerein1993，”saidKarenAnderson,aremotesensingscientistwholedtheresearch.“Wedonʼtknowwhattheimpactis.Itmaybethatplantstrapsnowandmightcauseittomeltmoreslowly.Itmightbethattheplantscausethesnowtomeltmorequickly，”sheadded.1．4billionpeopledependonwatercollectedintheregion,andchangestowatercyclesandsuppliescouldhavefarreachingimpacts,theirresearch,publishedintheGlobalChangeBiologyjournal,said.“Weknowthatplantsandthewatercyclearecoupled，”Andersonexplained.“Whereveryouhaveplantsgrowing,itchangesthewaythewatercyclebehavesinthoseareas.”“ThisisparticularlyimportantintheHimalayasbecauseglaciersarereceding,andweknowfromlotsofscientificworkthatthisisalreadyaffectingwatersuppliesinthisregion，”sheadded.ClimatechangeisalreadyhavinganimpactonHimalayancommunities.A2019studyfromColumbiaUniversityfoundthatHimalayanglaciershavebeenlosingalmosthalfameteroficeeachyearsincethestartofthiscentury.Thisisalreadyresultinginfloodingforlocalcommunities,andcouldultimatelyresultindrought.Lastyear,anassessmentfromtheInternationalCentreforIntegratedMountainDevelopmentfoundthatatleastathirdoftheiceintheregioncouldmeltbytheendofthecentury.9．WhatdidKarenAndersonsayabouttheirfinding？________A．TheincreaseinHimalayanvegetationishuge.B．Theplantspreventsnowfrommelting.C．WatersupplieshavebeenaffectedintheHimalayas.D．LossofHimalayanglaciersiscontinuingeachyear.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coupled”inParagraph7probablymean？________A．Contradicted. B．Balanced.C．Opposed. D．Linked.11．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheresearchoftheAndersonteam？________A．Ithasnotbeenpublished.B．Itisbasedonremotesensingtechnology.C．Itinvolvesagreatdealoffieldstudy.D．ItisjointlyconductedwithColumbiaUniversity.12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout？________A．ClimatechangeismakingMountEverestlower.B．PlantlifeisexpandingaroundMountEverest.C.WhythisyearhasbeensodangerousforMountEverest.D．Urgentresearchisneededtounderstandtheincreaseinvegetation.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员发现植物在珠穆朗玛峰周围生长，这已经影响了该地区的水供应。同时说明了气候变化已经对喜马拉雅地区产生了影响。哥伦比亚大学2019年的一项研究发现，自本世纪初以来，喜马拉雅冰川每年流失近半米的冰。这已经导致当地社区发生洪水，并可能最终导致干旱。9．C细节理解题。根据第六段“1.4billionpeopledependonwatercollectedintheregion,andchangestowatercyclesandsuppliescouldhavefarreachingimpacts,theirresearch,publishedintheGlobalChangeBiologyjournal,said.(他们发表在《全球变化生物学》杂志上的研究说，14亿人依赖于该地区收集的水，水循环和供应的变化可能会产生深远的影响。)”以及倒数第三段“ʼThisisparticularlyimportantintheHimalayasbecauseglaciersarereceding,andweknowfromlotsofscientificworkthatthisisalreadyaffectingwatersuppliesinthisregion，ʼsheadded.(她补充说：“这在喜马拉雅地区尤其重要，因为冰川正在消退，我们从大量的科学工作中知道，这已经影响了该地区的水供应。”)”可知，喜马拉雅山的水供应受到了影响。故选C。10．D词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Whereveryouhaveplantsgrowing,itchangesthewaythewatercyclebehavesinthoseareas.(无论哪里有植物生长，它都会改变这些地区水循环的方式。)”可知，植物和水循环是互相联系的。故画线词意思是“联系”。故选D。11．B推理判断题。根据第四段“ʼTherearenowmoreareasthatarecoveredinplantsthantherewerein1993，ʼsaidKarenAnderson,aremotesensingscientistwholedtheresearch.(“现在植物覆盖的区域比1993年要多，”领导这项研究的遥感科学家凯伦·安德森说。)”可知，安德森团队的研究以遥感技术为基础。故选B。12．B主旨大意题。根据第一段“MoreplantsaregrowingandexpandingaroundMountEverest(localnameMountQomolangma)astheareacontinuestoexperiencetheconsequencesofglobalwarming,researchershavefound.(研究人员发现，随着全球变暖的影响，越来越多的植物在珠穆朗玛峰周围生长和扩张。)”结合文章内容可知，文章主要讲的是植物在珠穆朗玛峰周围生长。故选B。D(2022·吉林省白山市高三一模)Microplasticsare“oneofthegreatestman-madedisastersofourtime”，accordingtotheNaturalHistoryMuseum.Thatʼsbadnews,giventheyarealsoeverywhere:intapwater,thefoodyoubuy,theclothesyouwearandtheairyoubreathe.Thelargestmicroplasticscanbeseenbythenakedeyeandareanythingunderhalfacentimetreinsize.Butmanyofthemaresmallenoughtoactlikespotsofdustwhichwecanunconsciouslybreatheinoreatinfood.Thesmallestparticlesarecallednanoplasticsandtheyaresmallenoughtogettheirwaydeepintothehumanbody.NewfindingsfromtheUniversityofPortsmouthshowthatthereissomuchsyntheticmaterialinourhomesthatwemightbebreathinginupto7,000microplasticparticlesaday.Usingspecialequipment,researchersmeasuredatypicalfamilyhomeandfoundthehighestconcentrationofitwasinthebedroomoftheeight-year-olddaughter,whoseroomwasdecoratedwithplastic-basedbedding,carpetandsofttoys.Althoughresearchisinitsearlystage,therisksoftheseplasticscouldbeserious—somestudieshavelinkedhighexposuretocancerriskanddisruptingourhormones.Inanimalstudies,theparticleshavebeenshowntoaffectmetabolism,gutbacteriaandtheimmunesystem,amongotherthings.Itisnotyetknownwhatahealthylevelofmicroplasticsmightlooklike,butDrSabineDonnai,CEOoftheViaviclinic,thinksthatmanypeopleintheWestareoverthelimit.Intestsatherclinic,patientsoftencomebackwithdangerouslyhighlevelsofplasticintheirbodies,shesays.13．WhatdoesParagraph2talkabout？________A．Theseriousnessofmicroplastics.B．Thesizeofmicroplastics.C．Thesolutiontomicroplastics.D．Theeffectofmicroplastics.14．Howdidresearchersdeterminetheamountofmicroplasticsofahome？________A．Withtechnicalinstrument.B．Byreferringtopreviousdata.C．Throughexperiments.D．Byobservingenvironment.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”inParagraph4probablymean？________A．Deciding. B．Disturbing.C．Discovering. D．Defending.16．Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext？________A．NewstudyfoundmicroplasticsB．MicroplasticsarefoundinclothesC．MicroplasticsarethreateningourlifeD．Webreatheinmicroplasticseveryday【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了微塑料无处不在，介绍了微塑料的大小，以及新发现表明家里的合成材料如此之多，以至于我们每天可能会吸入多达7000个微塑料颗粒。13．B主