《英汉对照分子生物学导论》课件Sample

Nucleicacids:theinformationcarrierInformationformakingproteinsisstoredinnucleicacids.ProteinsNucleicacids(mainlyDNA)Chapter2Nucleicacids2.1PropertiesofaGeneticMaterial2.2NucleicAcidsandDNAstructure2.3DNAastheGeneticMaterial2.4DNAintheCell2.5RNA(RibonucleicAcid)2.6Experiments2.1遗传物质的性质2.2核酸与DNA结构2.3DNA作为遗传物质2.4细胞中的DNA2.5RNA（核糖核酸）2.6实验研究VocabularyofDay3(1/4)nucleicacidgeneticmaterialinheritnucleotidenitrogenousbasetriphosphatebasephosphateribosedeoxyribose核酸遗传物质遗传，继承核苷酸含氮碱基三磷酸（基团）碱基磷酸根核糖脱氧核糖VocabularyofDay3(2/4)hydroxylgrouppurineadenineguaninepyrimidinecytosinethymineuracilribonucleotidedeoxyribonucleotide羟基嘌呤腺嘌呤鸟嘌呤嘧啶胞嘧啶胸腺嘧啶尿嘧啶核糖核苷酸脱氧核糖核苷酸VocabularyofDay3(3/4)ribonucleicaciddeoxyribonucleicacidphosphodiesterbondthreeprimeendfiveprimeendsugar-phosphatebackbonesingle-strandedDNAdoublestrandedDNAdoublehelixcomplementary核糖核酸（RNA）脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）磷酸二酯键3’末端5’末端糖-磷酸骨架单链DNA双链DNA双螺旋互补的VocabularyofDay3(4/4)anti-parallelbase-stackingmajorgrooveminorgroovenanometerdenaturedenaturationabsorbanceabsorbadsorb反向平行的碱基堆积（DNA）大沟（DNA）小沟纳米变性（动词）变性（名词）吸收（名词）吸收（动词）吸附2.1PropertiesofaGeneticMaterialItmustbeabletoholdinformationforhowtomakeproteins.Itmustbestable.Itmusthavesomecapacityforchange.Itmustbeabletobecopied.它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信息。它必须是稳定的。它必须具有容忍变化的能力。它必须能够被复制。Itmustbeabletoholdinformationforhowtomakeproteins

1．它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信息Itmustbestable/2．它必须是稳定的Lizard:1,000,000B.C.Lizard:2008A.D.Nochange!Itmustbestable/它必须是稳定的Age:15Age:45Age:75Nochange!Nochange!3.Itmusthavesomecapacityforchange

3．它必须具有容忍变化的能力Itmusthavesomecapacityforchange

它必须具有容忍变化的能力MUTAtiOnItmustbeabletobecopied

4．它必须能够被复制2.2NucleicAcidsandDNAstructure

2.2核酸与DNA结构2.2.1Nucleotides /2.2.1核苷酸Nucleotidesarecomposedofthreeparts:1)anitrogenousbase,2)asugar,and3)atriphosphate.N-glycosidicbond1)Nitrogenousbase

/含氮碱基2)Sugar/糖Nooxygenhere!Ribonucleotidesanddeoxyribonucleotides

核糖核苷酸与脱氧核糖核苷酸3)Triphosphate

/三磷酸2.2.2GeneralStructureofNucleicAcids

2.2.2核酸的一般结构deoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)ribonucleicacid(RNA)Phosphodiesterbond

/磷酸二酯键Threeprimeend

andfiveprimeend

三一撇末端与

五一撇末端Sugar-phosphatebackbone/糖-磷酸骨架NegativechargesNucleosome/核小体Chapter72.2.3StructureofDNA/2.2.3DNA的结构Double-strandedDNAHydrogenbondsBasepair/碱基对ComplementarybasepairsAntiparallelDNAstrands

反向平行的DNA链TheDNAdoubleHelix/DNA双螺旋MinorgrooveMajorgroove2nanometers1turn=10bases=3.4nanometersBasestackingDenaturationofDNA/DNA变性LightabsorbancebyDNADNA对光的吸收λ=260nmλ=260nmssDNAdsDNANowshowing

Macromolecules–NucleicAcidsFile:biophoto7\Life\Macromoleculs–NucleicAcids(3’)Summary/小结

Chapter2Nucleicacids2.1PropertiesofaGeneticMaterial2.2NucleicAcidsandDNAstructure2.3DNAastheGeneticMaterial2.4DNAintheCell2.5RNA(RibonucleicAcid)2.6Experiments第2章核酸2.1遗传物质的性质2.2核酸与DNA结构2.3DNA作为遗传物质2.4细胞中的DNA2.5RNA（核糖核酸）2.6实验研究2.1PropertiesofaGeneticMaterial

2.1遗传物质的性质Itmustbeabletoholdinformationforhowtomakeproteins.Itmustbestable.Itmusthavesomecapacityforchange.Itmustbeabletobecopied.它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信息。它必须是稳定的。它必须具有容忍变化的能力。它必须能够被复制。Itmustbeabletoholdinformationforhowtomakeproteins

1．它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信息Itmustbestable/2．它必须是稳定的Lizard:1,000,000B.C.Lizard:2005A.D.Nochange!3.Itmusthavesomecapacityforchange

3．它必须具有容忍变化的能力Itmustbeabletobecopied

4．它必须能够被复制2.2NucleicAcidsandDNAstructure

2.2核酸与DNA结构2.2.1Nucleotides /2.2.1核苷酸Nucleotidesarecomposedofthreeparts:1)anitrogenousbase,2)asugar,and3)atriphosphate.N-glycosidicbond2.2.2GeneralStructureofNucleicAcids

2.2.2核酸的一般结构deoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)ribonucleicacid(RNA)Phosphodiesterbond

/磷酸二酯键Threeprimeend

andfiveprimeend

三一撇末端与

五一撇末端Sugar-phosphatebackbone/糖-磷酸骨架Negativecharges2.2.3StructureofDNA/2.2.3DNA的结构Double-strandedDNAHydr