高一英语语法复习之定语从句

#高一英语语法总复习定语从句一、定语从句的基本概念由关系代词或副词引导一个句子来修饰一个名词、代词亦或一个句子的从句被称之为定语从句（又称形容词性从句），是跟名词性从句以及状语从句（又称副词性从句）相齐名的三大从句之一。定语从句的要素一是先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，亦或是一个句子；二是关系词：引导定语从句的词，又分成关系代词和关系副词；三是关系词在定语从句中所要充当的充分：关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语；关系副词在从句中只可以充当状语。GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedaboutforalongtime.Thenewswillbemostwelcometothosejobsarepoorlypaid.Thetownwevisitedlastweekistheonethefamouspainterwasborn.IoftenthinkofthedaysIstayedwithyou,hashadagreateffectonmylife.ManywesternerscometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountries.定语从句的种类限制性定语从句：从句对其所修饰的先行词起限制作用，若没有了这个从句，句子意思要么不完整要么就意思发生改变，故主从句之间不用逗号隔开。Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.非限制性定语从句：从句对其所修饰的先行词补充说明，若没有这个从句，句意相对完整，故主从句之间往往用逗号隔开。Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,wehadn'texpected.二、关系代（副）词的基本用法1.关系代词的用法关系代词先行词在从句中所做成分who指人主语、表语或宾语whom指人宾语，特别注意作介词的宾语whose指人或指物定语that指人、指物或事情主语、表语或宾语as指人或指主句内容主语、表语或宾语which指物或事情、指主句内容主语、表语或宾语Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.ThereportMrSmithhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown,wasverykindofhim.Thegirllegswasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentothehospitalimmediately.___isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30years.关系代词的用法注意点（1）定语从句中，只能用关系代词that的情况先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时Nowallisurgentlyneededismoneyandhands.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时Weheardclearlyeverywordhesaid.③先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时ThisisthemostinterestingstorybookthatIhaveeverread.④先行词既指人又指物时Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesimpressedhermost.⑤先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时He'stheonlyboyinourtownenterstheBeijingUniversity.⑥句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时Whoisthegirldrovethecar?（2）定语从句中，不能用关系代词that的情况▲在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代事/物，用who/whom指人，不能用that;Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,madehisfatherveryangry.HefeelshonoredtoworkwithMrLi,hasagoodreputationinthebusiness.▲在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人，不能用that;Thehouseinweliveisverylarge.AdoctorwithJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEducator.▲先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时常常用who;Godhelpthosehelpthemselves.▲有两个定语从句时，为了避免重复，一个用了that,另外一个则用which或who。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywasnewlyopentous.关系副词的用法关系副词先行词在从句中所做成分when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语关系副词的用法注意点（1）・where引导的定语从句关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示（具体或抽象的）地点的名词。特别注意下面这些表示地点的抽象名词：atmosphere（氛围），case（情况）,situation（情况，形势），point（地点；阶段），stage（舞台；阶段）,position（位置）等。例：WealladmireandrespectourEnglishteacherbecauseshehasagiftforcreatinganatmospherewecancommunicatefreelywitheachother.（2）when引导的定语从句关系副词when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。但是有些名词不是一眼就能看出是表示时间的，要经过认真分析才能确定。例：SpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalinChinaandanoccasionallfamilymembersgettogether，justlikeChristmasintheWest.⑶Thereasonwhy（定语从句）・・・isthat（表语从句）为什么的原因是Thereasonherefusedtoattendthemeetingwastheydidn'tsenthimaninvitationearlier.★注意区分•关系代词和关系副词的区别选用关系代词还是关系副词来引导定语从句，要看定语从句缺什么成分。如果缺主语、宾语或定语,就用关系代词(who.that,which,whose,whom,as等)，如果缺状语,就用关系副词(when,where,why)ThemountainvillageIstayedforanightlastyearhastakenonanewlook.ThemountainvillageIvisitedlastyearhastakenonanewlook.IwillneverforgetthedaysIspentinthecountrysidewiththefarmers.IwillneverforgetthedaysIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers.Thereasonheexplainedforhisbeinglatewasthathehadmissedtheearlybus.Thereasonhewaslatewasthathehadmissedtheearlybus.as和which指代主句的内容时所引导的定语从句的区别如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，甚至可以插在主句中间，那么用as；而which引导的从句一般放在主句后，并无“正如”的意思。Alotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.theway做先行词时，定语从句可以用that或inwhich引导或是省略Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayhesaidit.三、选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词还：根据先行词提供的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话，(可以添词)替换：用关系词替换关系词还原后的部分，做主语和宾语用关系代词，做状语用关系副词(时间状语用when，地点状语用where,原因状语用why)练习：利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择正确的关系词填空。Isthisthereasonheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?Isthisthereasonhewassocarelessinhiswork?Inanhour,wetraveltoplacescouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.TheplaceinterestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.TheplacehehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren'sPalace.I'llneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.Theoldtemple,roofwasdamagedinstorm,isnowunderrepair.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlifehasdevelopedgradually.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentsallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.By16:30,wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,arebeyondourcontrol.Christmasistheonlytimeoftheyear,menandwomenopentheirheartsfreelyandthinkofotherpeople.JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allofshespokefluently.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingwassomeoneelse'sfault.Thedoctordidallhecouldtosavethewoundedboy.Thereisnodifficultycan'tbeovercomeintheworld.ThemostimportantthingweshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthingIhavesaid.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestoneIhavewatchedthisyear.ThisistheveryfilmI'velongwishedtosee.We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlastnightAllthepassengersandsuitcaseswerestillwaitingonthebrokendownbushadtobetransferredtoanotherlongdistancebus.Thoselearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.Weliveinanagepeoplecancommunicatemoreeasilythaneverbefore.InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ACulturalheritageisimportantbecauseithelpspeopleconnectwithothers1.havesimilarbackgroundsandprovidesasenseofunity(团结)andbelonging(归属).Twotypesofculturalheritage2.(protect)throughouttheworldnow:tangible(物质的，有形的)culturalheritageandintangible(非物质的，无形的)culturalheritage.Inordertounderstandculturalheritage,apersonmustseethevalueinit.Whenpeoplevalueit,theybegantocareaboutitandenjoy3.(they)culturalheritage.Oncetheyenjoyit,theheritagebecomesmuch4.(easy)tounderstand.Thiscycleiscalledtheheritagecycle,5.canhelppeopleunderstandculturesthatarehundredsoreventhousandsyearsold.People6.(live)inlargecitiesoftenfindcomfortinsearchingforculturalheritage.Intheareas7.itiseasytofeellonely,seekingoutotherswhohavethesameheritageprovidesfriendshipbasedoncommonground.8.(tradition)thoughttobeoutdated(过时的)oftenhavemoremeaningwhensharedwithothers.Bylearningwhereapersoncomesfromandwhatisimportant9.theirculture,peoplecanbroadentheirhorizons.Thenastheyteachittoyoungergenerations,theyhelptomakesuretheculture10.(last)foryearstocome.BThe1.(erupt)ofMountVesuviusin79C.E.tookthepeopleofPompeiibysurprise.Theyhadalwaysknownthatthemountainwasavolcanobutithadbeenquietforsolongnobodysawitasathreat.3.thevolcanofinallydiderupt,itwassoquickandsoseverethatthetownwassooncoveredinlavaandash.Awriterwhowasthereduringtheeruption4.(describe)howlavawasthrownintotheairlikeafountain.Afteritfelltoearth,itturned5.waveoflavathattravelleddownthemountain6.(fast)thanpeoplecouldrunaway.Itwas7.absolutedisasterforthose8.couldnotescapeintime.Manyofthewoodenhousesandbungalows(平房)inPompeiiwereburnedtotheground,9.thestonehousesremainedundertheashuntilthey10.(rediscover)duringthe20thcentury.答案版：一、定语从句的基本概念由关系代词或副词引导一个句子来修饰一个名词、代词亦或一个句子的从句被称之为定语从句（又称形容词性从句），是跟名词性从句以及状语从句（又称副词性从句）相齐名的三大从句之一。定语从句的要素一是先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，亦或是一个句子；二是关系词：引导定语从句的词，又分成关系代词和关系副词；三是关系词在定语从句中所要充当的充分：关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语；关系副词在从句中只可以充当状语。Guncontrolisasubjectwhich/thatAmericanshavearguedaboutforalongtime.Thenewswillbemostwelcometothosewhosejobsarepoorlypaid.Thetownwhich/thatwevisitedlastweekistheonewherethefamouspainterwasborn.IoftenthinkofthedayswhenIstayedwithyou,whichhashadagreateffectonmylife.Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountries.定语从句的种类限制性定语从句：从句对其所修饰的先行词起限制作用，若没有了这个从句，句子意思要么不完整要么就意思发生改变，故主从句之间不用逗号隔开。Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwhich/thatwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.非限制性定语从句：从句对其所修饰的先行词补充说明，若没有这个从句，句意相对完整，故主从句之间往往用逗号隔开。Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichwehadn'expected.二、关系代（副）词的基本用法1.关系代词的用法关系代词先行词在从句中所做成分who指人主语、表语或宾语whom指人宾语，特别注意作介词的宾语whose指人或指物定语that指人、指物或事情主语、表语或宾语as指人或指主句内容主语、表语或宾语which指物或事情、指主句内容主语、表语或宾语Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswho/thathadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofwhomIhadevermetbefore.Thereportwhich/thatMrSmithhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown,whichwasverykindofhim.Thegirlwhoselegswasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentothehospitalimmediately.Asisknowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30years.关系代词的用法注意点（1）定语从句中，只能用关系代词that的情况①先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时Nowallthatisurgentlyneededismoneyandhands.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时ThisisthemostinterestingstorybookthatIhaveeverread.先行词既指人又指物时Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时He'stheonlyboyinourtownthatenterstheBeijingUniversity.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?（2）定语从句中，不能用关系代词that的情况▲在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代事/物，用who/whom指人，不能用that;Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.HefeelshonoredtoworkwithMrLi,whohasagoodreputationinthebusiness.▲在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人，不能用that;Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEducator.▲先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时常常用who;Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.▲有两个定语从句时，为了避免重复，一个用了that,另外一个则用which或who。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.3.关系副词的用法关系副词先行词在从句中所做成分when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语关系副词的用法注意点（1）・where引导的定语从句关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示（具体或抽象的）地点的名词。特别注意下面这些表示地点的抽象名词：atmosphere（氛围），case（情况），situation（情况，形势），point（地点；阶段），stage（舞台；阶段），position（位置）等。例：WealladmireandrespectourEnglishteacherbecauseshehasagiftforcreatinganatmospherewherewecancommunicatefreelywitheachother.⑵when引导的定语从句关系副词when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。但是有些名词不是一眼就能看出是表示时间的，要经过认真分析才能确定。例:SpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalinChinaandanoccasionwhenallfamilymembersgettogether，justlikeChristmasintheWest.⑷Thereasonwhy（定语从句）・・・isthat（表语从句）为什么的原因是Thereasonwhyherefusedtoattendthemeetingwasthattheydidn'tsenthimaninvitationearlier.★注意区分•关系代词和关系副词的区别选用关系代词还是关系副词来引导定语从句，要看定语从句缺什么成分。如果缺主语、宾语或定语,就用关系代词(who.that,which,whose,whom,as等)，如果缺状语,就用关系副词(when,where,why)ThemountainvillagewhereIstayedforanightlastyearhastakenonanewlook.Themountainvillagewhich/thatIvisitedlastyearhastakenonanewlook.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatIspentinthecountrysidewiththefarmers.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers.Thereasonwhich/thatheexplainedforhisbeinglatewasthathehadmissedtheearlybus.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathehadmissedtheearlybus.as和which指代主句的内容时所引导的定语从句的区别如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，甚至可以插在主句中间，那么用as；而which引导的从句一般放在主句后，并无“正如”的意思。Alotoflanguagelearning,ashasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,whichisastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.theway做先行词时，定语从句可以用that或inwhich引导或是省略Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewaythat/inwhich/不填hesaidit.四、选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词还：根据先行词提供的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话，(可以添词)替换：用关系词替换关系词还原后的部分，做主语和宾语用关系代词，做状语用关系副词(时间状语用when，地点状语用where,原因状语用why)练习：利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择正确的关系词填空。Isthisthereasonwhich/thatheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?Isthisthereasonwhyhewassocarelessinhiswork?Inanhour,wetraveltoplaceswhich/thatcouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.Theplacewhich/thatinterestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.TheplacewherehehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren'sPalace.I'llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.Theoldtemple,whoseroofwasdamagedinstorm,isnowunderrepair.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetwherelifehasdevelopedgradually.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,whereweenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentswhich/thatallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.By16:30,whichwasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,whicharebeyondourcontrol.Christmasistheonlytimeoftheyear,whenmenandwomenopentheirheartsfreelyandthinkofotherpeople.JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allofwhichshespokefluently.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse'sfault.Thedoctordidall_thathecouldtosavethewoundedboy.Thereisnodifficultythatcan'tbeovercomeintheworld.ThemostimportantthingthatweshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthingthatIhavesaid.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestonethatIhavewatchedthisyear.ThisistheveryfilmthatI'velongwishedtosee.We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistthatwereintheconcertweattendedlastnightAllthepassengersandsuitcasesthatwerestillwaitingonthebrokendownbushadtobetransferredtoanotherlongdistancebus.Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.Weliveinanagewhenpeoplecancommunicatemoreeasilythaneverbefore.InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ACulturalheritageisimportantbecauseithelpspeopleconnectwithothers1.who/that_havesimilarbackgroundsandprovidesasenseofunity(团结)andbelonging(归属).Twotypesofculturalheritage2.arebeingprotected(protect)throughouttheworldnow:tangible(物质的，有形的)culturalheritageandi