词汇语法等 学案高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第一册

#UNITFIVEdevote[di'vout]:vt.把…献（给）；把…专用于;专心于devotion[di'voujn]:n.奉献；忠诚；专心devote...to...:把…用于；献身；致力；专心devoteoneself/时间/精力等to名/代/doing...:专心于；献身于；把...用于...bedevotedto名词/doing...:致力于…；专心于…；被用在什么上1）Thewomandevotedherselftohercareer.2）Theyhavedevotedthemselvestofightingpoverty.shortage[Jkti%]:n.不足；缺少；短缺short：adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；短缺的lack[嗨k]：n«/v・缺乏；不足；没有beshortof...:缺少tackle['址kl]:vt.解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理solve[snlv]:v.解决；处理；解答settle['setl]:v.解决；结束dealwith:处理；解决（常与how连用）dowith...:处理（常与what连用）crisis['kraisis]:n.危机;危急关头（复数：crises['kraisi:z]）apolitical/financialcrisis:政治/金融危机aneconomiccrisis:经济危机basis['beisis]（基础）bases['beisi:z]analysis[o'n^lisis]（分析）--analyses[d'n»li,si:z]boost[bu:st]:vt.使增长；使兴旺n.增长;提高;激励reduce/decrease/decline/fall/drop:v.减少/下降（by/to）increase/rise:v.增加/上升（by/to）yield[ji:ld]:n.产量；产出vt.出产（作物）;产生（收益、效益等）vi.屈服；让步field[fi:ld]：n.田野；领域；运动场givewayto...:让步；屈服；让路givein:让步；屈服giveup:放弃；投降giveupdoing...:放弃做什么convince[kn'vins]:vt.使相信；使确信；说服convinced:adj.坚信；深信；确信convincing:adj.令人信服的；有说服力的beconvincedof・・・：相信convincesbtodo...:说服某人做什么persuadesbtodo.・・:说服某人做什么=persuade/talk/reasonsbintodoing.・persuadesbnottodo・:说服某人不做什么=persuade/talk/reasonsboutofdoing...:&characteristic[,k»rkt1ristik]:n.特征；特点；品质

adj.典型的；独特的character['kwrikt]:n.特性；特点；特色；人物；角色attain['tein]:vt.（通常经过努力）获得；得到；达到（某年龄、水平、状况）get（got；got/gotten）：v.获得；挣得赚win（won）：v.获得;挣得;取得;赢得gain:v.获得;取得acquire:v.获得;取得turn:v.达到/超过（年龄/数量/时间）Hewillattain/turn105nextmonth.conventional[kdn'venfoni]:adj.传统的;守旧的;习惯的traditional:adj.传统的;习俗的;守旧的convenience[kon'viinions]：n.方便；便利convenient[kan'virniont]：adj.方便的；便利的；附近的assumption[a'sAmpjn]:n.假定；设定；（责任的）承担;（权利的）获得assume[o'sjurm/a'suim]:v.假设；获得；承担intense[in'tens]:adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的intenseheat/pain:酷热/剧痛fierce[fias]:adj•猛烈的;激烈的eager:adj•热切的;渴望的;热心的;热情的anxious['sgkfos]:adj.不安的;焦虑的；忧虑的；热望的；渴望的heated:adj.温暖的；激烈的；情绪激动的overcome[.auva'kAm]（overcameovercome）:vt.克服；解决；战胜getover:克服；解决；战胜expand[ik'spsnd]:v.扩大；增加；扩展；发展（业务）expansion[ik'sp^njn]:n.扩张；扩展；扩大；膨胀output['autput]:n.产量；输出；输出量vt.输出(outputting--output)input['input]:n.输入；投入v.输入(inputting--inputted/input)estimate['estimat](n.)9['estimeit](v.):vt/n・估计；估价；估算establish[i'st»blif]:v.建立；创立；设立assess:v.评估；评定；估算；估定evaluate[i'v吧ljueit]:v・估计；评价；评估domestic[do'mestik]:adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的family:n.家；家庭；亲属；家族abroad[o'brxd]:adv.国外；外国athomeandabroad/overseas:在国内外domesticaffairs/politics/flight/market/reform:国内事务/政治/航班/市场/改革consumption[kon'sAmpfn]:n.消耗；消耗量；消费consume[kan'sjuim]:v.消耗；吃；饮；喝；烧毁comprise[kom'praiz]:vt.包括；包含；由…组成include[in'klu:d]：v.包含；包括including:prep.包括contain[kan'tein]：v.含有；包含；容纳；控制；克制prize[praiz]：n.奖品；奖金；奖赏price[prais]:n.价格；代价praise[preiz]:n./v.表扬；赞扬consistofsb/sth/doing...:由…组成/构成(常用)bemadeupofsb/sth:…由…组成/构成(常用)becomprisedof・・・：包括；包含；由…组成(或构成)(很正式)1)Thestudygroupcomprisessixstudents.2)Thestudygroupiscomprisedofsixstudents.Thestudygroupismadeupofsixstudents.Thestudygroupconsistsofsixstudents.Sixstudentsmakeup/comprisethestudygroup.generate[’dsenoreit]:vt.产生；引起generation[Id3end,reifn]:n.代；辈；产生general[，d3enor(o)l]：n.将军；上将adj.大慨的；全体的；普遍的resultin...:导致cause:v.引起；造成generate/produce/makeelectricity:发电generatepower:发电generateheat/power:产生热/动力generateincome/profit/wealth:产生收益/利润/财富strain[strein]:n.(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力pressure[，prefb]:n.压力；压强stress[stres]:n.压力；紧张；强调vt.强调；使经受压力species:n.物种(单数复数相同)train[trein]:v.培训；训练；锻炼n.火车understrain/pressure/stress:在压力下putastrainon・・・：给某人增加压力/负担leisure['le3»(r)]:n・闲暇；休闲；空闲luxury[，lAkJari]:n.奢华；奢侈；奢侈品leisureshoes/clothes:便鞋/便服atleisure:闲散；悠闲；不慌不忙；从容atone'sleisure:有空时;空闲时;方便时inone'sspare/freetime:在…的空闲时间里23.deepdown:在内心深处;本质上;实际上asamatteroffact=infact/effect：实际/事实上1）Deepdown,Yuanisstillverymuchafarmeratheart.2）Weknowdeepdownthatwewillmakeit.soil[sail]:n.泥士；土壤；国土；领土oil[ail]：n.油;石油；食用油territory['teratri]:n.领土；版图；领地floor:n.地板；地面（室内的）ground:n.土壤；土地；地；地面（室外的）land:n.农田；陆地；大地；国土；国家earth:n・土壤；泥土；大地；陆地；地面；地球celebrity[sa'lebrati]:n.名望；名誉；名人；名流celebrate['selibreit]：v.庆祝；庆贺；歌颂envision[in'vs]:vt.展望；想象imagine[i'm吧如珂:v.想象；设想；猜测；认为imagination:n.想象力；想象image['imid3]:n.图像；形象；印象；声誉envision/imaginedoing...:想象做什么broom[bru:m]:n.扫把；扫帚；金雀花room[rum/ru:m]:n.房间；空间grain[grein]:n.谷物；谷粒；颗粒rice:n.水稻；大米wheat:n.小麦corn:n.玉米vegetable:n.蔬菜agrainofwheat/rice/sand:一粒小麦/大米/沙子abagofgrain:一袋谷物vision['v®]:n.想象；视力；视野；影像sight[sait]:n.视力；景色eyesight['aisait]：n.视力imagination:n.想象力;想象image['imid3】:n・图像；形象；印象havegood/perfect/poor/normalvision:视力好/极好/差/正常reality[ri'^lati]:n.现实；实际情况；事实real[rirai][rial]：adj.真的；真正的；真实的；实在的really['riali]：adv.真实地；真正地；事实上becomeareality:成为现实inreality:事实上salty['selti]:adj.含盐的；咸的salt[sarlt]:n.盐urban['3：ban]:adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的rural['ruaral]:adj.乡村的；农村的city:n.大城市town:n.城镇countryside:n.农村country:n.农村；乡村；国家county:n.县；郡bomb[bom]:n.炸弹v.轰炸；对…投炸弹atimebomb:定时炸弹setoffabomb:引爆炸弹gooff=explode=blowup:爆炸tunnel['tAnl]:n.地下通道；地道；隧道driveatunnel:开凿隧道extension[ik'stenjh]:n.扩建部分；扩大;电话分机extend[ik'stend]:v・伸长；扩大；扩展；延长chemical['kemikl]:adj.与化学有关的；化学的n・化学制品；化学品chemistry['kemistri]：n.化学chemist['kemist]：n.化学家；药剂师physics['fiziks]:n.物理physical['fizikl]:adj.物理的；身体的wheat[wi:t]:n.小麦；小麦籽sweat[swet]:v.出汗n.汗水；流汗flour['flauo]:n.面粉flower['flauo]：n.花steamedbun/bread:馒头steamedstuffedbun:包子noodle['nu:dl]：n.面条flavor/flavour['fleivo]:n.味道；特点；特色favour/favor['feivo]：n.好意；恩惠；支持；赞同；偏爱v.赞同；支持；喜爱；偏袒favourite/favorite['feivorit]:adj.最喜爱的n.最喜爱的事物/东西/人smell[smel]:n.气味；味觉；臭味character['k^rikto]:n・特性；特点；特色；人物；角色characteristic[占吧rikto'ristik]:n・特点；特征；特色fertilizer/fertiliser['色:tolaizo(r)]:n.肥料artificial/chemical/organicfertilizer:人工/化学/有机肥料nutritional[nju'trijonl]:adj.营养(物)的nutritious[nju'tnjos]:adj.有营养的；营养丰富的nutrition[nju'tri|h]:n.营养；滋养alleviate01i:vieit]:vt.减轻；缓解relieve[ri'li:v]:vt.缓解；缓和；减轻relief[rTli:f|:n•轻松；宽慰；解脱；减轻；缓解poverty['pnvoti]:n.贫穷；贫困poor[puo]：adj.贫穷的；贫瘠的;可怜的；粗劣的liveinpoverty:生活在贫困中(below/above)thepovertyline:贫困线(下/上)organic[):'g吧nik]:adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的organise/organize['o:gonaiz]:v.组织；组建；成立organisation/organization[I3：gonai,zei|0n]:n.组织；机构；组成；团体；协会pesticide[，pestisaid]:n.杀虫剂；除害药物pest[pest]:n.害虫；害兽；害鸟insect[，insekt]:n・昆虫;虫；可恶者;小人物widespread[，waidspred]:adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的wide:adj.宽的；宽阔的；广泛的spread(spread):v.摊开；展开；传播；蔓延；扩展inturn:相应地；转而；依次；轮流inreturnfor...:回报essential[i'senjl]:adj.完全必要的；极其重要的necessary[，nesosari]：adj・必要的；必须的important：adj.重要的vital[，vaitl]:adj.极重要的；必不可少的crucial[，kru:jl]:adj.至关重要的；关键的alternative[c:l't3：notiv]:n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的option:n.选择choice[tfbis]：n.选择choose[tfu:z]（chose,chosen）：v.选择；挑选alternativelifestyles/values:非传统的生活方式/价值观havenoalternative/choice/optionbuttodo...:除了做什么外别无选择;只好做什么instance['mstons]:n.例子；实例；事例example[ig'za:mpl]:n・例子；榜样；标本inthefirstinstance/place:第一;首先forinstance:例如；比如forexample:例如；比如suchas:例如；比如like:prep.诸如；比如像setan/agoodexampleto/forsb:为…树立（好）榜样take...forexample=take・・.asanexample:以…为例makeacontributionto名词/doing...:为・・・做贡献depth[depO]:n.向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）deep：adj.深的；纵深的deeply:adv.非常；深深地deepen['di:pon]:v.（使）变深；加深distance['distons]：n.距离；远处entirely[in'taioli]:adv.全部地；完整地；完全地entire:adj.全部的；整个的；完全的completely：完全地；彻底地aspect[&spekt]:n.方面；层面respect:v./n.尊敬;尊重n.方面;细节inthis/thataspect/respect:在这/那方面inthis/thatway:用这/那种方法;这样/那样fulfil(fulfill)/realize/achieveone'sdream:实现梦想(fulfilledfulfilling)55.that,those代替前面的名词:that:代物(单数/不可数名词)those:代人/物(复数)thanthat/thoseas...asthat/thoseIndeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanthatoftheUSA.ThecarmadeinChinaischeaperthanthatmadeinGermany.ThecarsmadeinChinaarecheaperthanthosemadeinGermany.ThestudentsinSeniorThreearemuchtallerthanthoseinJuniorOne.Thetreesbytheriverarethicker(粗)thanthose/theonesonthehill.TheclimateofBeijingisasbadasthatofTianjin.ThestudentsinClass9studyashardasthoseinClass10.act/serve/workas...:担任Aftergraduatingin1953,heworkedasaresearcher.giventhat+陈述句:鉴于;考虑到given:prep.鉴于;考虑到GiventhatYuan'shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.2）Giventhatyouareyoung,I'llforgiveyouthistime.3）Giventhatmyfriendsareallbusy,Iwillhavetogohikingalone.4）Giventhefactorsabove,Isuggestthatyouquitthejobatonce.openup（thesaltyland）:开垦（盐碱地）advancedyears:高龄;年事已高dreamup:虚构出;凭空想出;大胆想出apowerplant/station:发电厂;发电站takeon...:承担;雇用;呈现;具有;装载find/think/consider/feel/suppose/makeit+形/名+to不定式:认为/使得做…是…MymotherisveryconventionalandfindsithardtoacceptthemodernlifestylethatIenjoy.nowthat...:既然;由于besides：除了...外,（还）（包含,常与other,else等连用）but/except/exceptfor:除了（不包含,常与all,every,no,none,nothing,nobody等连用）apart/asidefrom:除了（包含,不包含）otherthan:除了（包含,不包含）（不包含常与no,not,never,nothing,hardly等连用）1）Youcan'tgettotheislandotherthanbyboat.2）ShehasneverbeentoabigcityotherthanChongqing.3）Otherthanonesister,shehasnocloserelatives.4）OtherthanMr.Black,noneofthemwasinjuredinthetrafficaccident.5）Otherthanhybridrice,whatotherhybridproductsdoyouknow?(此句是包含)EnglishisnowspokeninmanycountriesotherthanBritain.(此句是包含)makeupone'smind(s)(todo):决定；决心makeupone'smind(s)that句子：决定;决心(上面两个短语,主语是单数,mind用单数；主语是复数,mind用复数或者单数均可)Sotheyhavemadeuptheirmindstomovetothecountryside,wheretheycanliveagreenlife.standat...:达...的水平/数量/高度等"Accordingtoourlatestfigures,worldhungerstandsataround11%oftheworld'spopulation.Theplayerstandsat2.45m.Theirforeigndebtstandsat30trilliondollars.without(a)doubt=beyonddoubt:毫无疑问Withoutdoubt,themobilephoneisoneofthemostimportantinventionsinmoderntimes.69nosooner...than...:一...就hardly/barely/scarcely...when/before..:一...就...(两个句型的前句用过去完成时,后句用一般过去时。nosooner,hardly/barely/scarcely放在句首,句子要倒装)Thefootballmatchhadhardlybegunwhen/beforeitstartedtorainhard.Thefootballmatchhadnosoonerbegunthanitstartedtorainhard.Hard|yhadthefootballmatchbegunwhen/beforeitstartedtorainhard.Nosoonerhadthefootballmatchbegunthanitstartedtorainhard.(can)affordsth:买得起…(can)affordtodo・・・：有钱/能力做・・・Canyouaffordanexpensivecar?Ican'taffordtogoabroadformyholidaythissummer.Hecouldn'taffordonemilliondollarsforahouseinthecity.wouldrather(not)do...:宁愿(不)做什么wouldratherdoAthandoB=woulddoAratherthandoB:宁愿做A而不愿做BIwouldratherdiethangiveup.inone'seyes/view/opinion:在某人看来=fromone'spointofviewbeinuse:在使用中asfor...:至于;就・而言/而论asto...:关于;至于;有关;依照=accordingtoasfrom/of...=from・forward/on/onwards:自(何时)起berich/high/low/poorin...:在・方面丰富/高/低/差(be)freefrom/of...:不受什么的伤害/影响;不含;没有Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.Theywantasociety,freefrompovertyanddiseaseandwars.nowherenear...:离...远;差得远;远不及Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Shehasnowherenearrecoveredfromherillness.Heisnowherenearthepersonwearelookingfor.meet/fill/cover/satisfyone'sneed/demand/requirement:满足需要doagood/badjob(onsth):干得好/差;(将什么)办好/糟doagood/badjob(in/of)doing...:做什么干得好/差sound[saund]:v.听起来;看起来n.声音;响声adj.完好的;健全的;健康的;正确的;深沉的;香甜的;酣畅的;可靠的haveasound/fastsleep:熟睡;酣睡givesbasoundbeating:痛打某人一顿81.Itwilltake/be一段时间before+句子。将需要/将过多少时间才做…。Ittook/was一段时间before+句子。花费了/过了多少时间才做了…。Itis/hasbeen一段时间since...:从…以来多久了Itwas/hadbeen一段时间since...:从…以来多久了IthasbeencenturiessinceJiaSixiedied.Itis/hasbeenthirtydayssincesheleftAfrica.Itwas/hadbeenfivehourssincetheycametothecityremaintobeseen:什么尚需看看startup:开始forsale:出售;待售onsale:削价出售;销售;上市gotowards...:用于支付什么的部分款项Themoneytheygetfrombananasgoestowardsscholarshipsforstudentsfrompoorareas.本单元语法:主语从句从句：连词+陈述句主语从句:在主从复合句中从句作主语。That+>Whether+a陈述句+谓语部分.特殊疑问词+丄©Itbe+形容词/名词/过去分词+that/whether(・“)句子.主语从句不缺意思,连词用that;主语从句表示“是否”,连词用whether,不能用if;在句型④中,It是形式主语,that/whether等句子是真正主语。主语从句的连词通常不能省去。主语从句后通常用单数动词:单数动词:iswashasdoesS动词复数动词:arewerehavedo动词原形what引导的主语从句：what在主语从句里，可以作主语迪可作宾语。what可翻译成：某人所说的(话);某人所做的(事/事情);什么;某人...的东西/事/事情,what在下面的主语从句中作主语:Whatsurprises/astonishes/shocks/delights/excites/interestsfightens/worries/disappoints/concerns/moves/touches/strikessb.mostis・・・：最使某人惊奇/震惊/高兴/兴奋/感兴趣/害怕/

担忧/失望/担心/感动的是・Thathepassedtheexamsyesterdaywilldelighthisparents.ThatYuanLongpinghadrealisedhisdreamofseawaterricesurprisedthewholeworld.Thatthevegetableslookbeautifulontheoutsideisobvious.Thatmanycountriesstillfacefoodshortagesremainsabigproblem.Whether/Whentheplanistobecarriedoutstillneedsdiscussing.Whether/When/Wheretheresearchcentreistobeset