新高考英语二轮复习课时练第3部分书面表达与短文改错专题5第1 宏观把握整体感知 (含解析)

第1讲宏观把握整体感知一般来说，短文改错的材料篇幅较短，100词左右，10～12个句子；难度不大，语篇中基本上无生僻的词汇和怪、偏、难的语法结构。短文改错的话题较常见，通常是叙述一件事情或说明一个事物。从体裁上看，历年高考试题中的短文改错以记叙文为主，兼顾说明文、议论文和应用文。短文改错通常从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题，错误类型有多词、缺词和错词三种。短文改错10处错误中，设错方式是有规律的，一般情况下，多词、缺词各1个，错词8个，做完题后可按此规律进行查验。年份卷别体裁主题考点主题语境主题语境内容名词动词、数词连词形容词副词代词冠词介词2022全国乙卷议论文人与自我骑行与健康14210101全国甲卷记叙文人与自我家庭生活041122002021全国乙卷记叙文人与自我家庭生活14111101全国甲卷说明文人与自我调查问卷结果131022012020全国Ⅰ卷记叙文人与自我家庭生活13210111全国Ⅱ卷应用文人与自我乐于学习11311102通过对近几年的高考英语试题中短文改错的研究可以看出，命题者主要在行文逻辑、一致关系、连接手段、平行结构、多词少词、母语干扰、冠词使用、名词数格、词语搭配以及词形辨析等方面进行设计和考查。从出题频率来看，考查最多的是动词错误，其次是连词的误用、形容词与副词的转换以及名词、代词的误用等。因此在复习备考中，考生应该有所侧重。解题步骤口诀致胜动词形，名词数；冠词连词常光顾；非谓语，细领悟；还要注意形和副；代词格，常留心；习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析；逻辑错误须关注。典例示范(2022·全国乙)Weallknowthatcyclingisaeq\f(greatly,great)①exercise.Adoctortellsmepeoplewhoeq\f(lives,live)②thelongestaredancersandcyclists.Maybeitisbecauseeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(of))③thecombinationoffreshair，smoothmovementandexercise.eq\f(Whether,If/When)④yourideabicycle，youdon’tusepetrol.Soeq\f(they,you)⑤arenotproducingcarbondioxideandnoteq\f(cause,causing)⑥airpollution.Justseehowcarshavebeen⑦takenoverourcities.Theyoftenrunathighspeeds，eq\f(what,which)⑧mayputourlivesindanger.Andthereeq\f(were,are)⑨trafficjams，too.Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswitheq\f(bicycle,bicycles)⑩.动词形：②考查主谓一致。先行词people是集合名词，谓语动词用复数。故将lives改为live。⑦考查语态。主语cars与takeover之间是主谓关系，应用主动语态。故去掉have后的been。⑨考查时态。根据上下文时态可知，本句应用一般现在时。故将were改为are。名词数：⑩bicycle为可数名词，由句中的cars和句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。冠词连词常光顾：④考查状语从句连接词。句意：当你骑自行车的时候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知，该句阐述的是一个事实，需用if或when引导；位于句首，注意首字母大写。故将Whether改为If或When。非谓语，细领悟：⑥考查非谓语动词。本句时态为现在进行时，连词and连接两个并列的现在分词，构成进行时。故将cause改为causing。还要注意形和副：①考查形容词。需用形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故将greatly改为great。句子成分多分析：⑧考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故将what改为which。③because表示“因为”，后面接从句，短语becauseof表示“因为”，后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语，thecombinationoffreshair，smoothmovementandexercise是名词短语。故在because后加of。逻辑错误须关注：⑤根据前一句中的人称you可知，这里假设“你”骑自行车，前后人称应保持一致。故将they改为you。规律总结A(2022·江西上饶一模)OnabrightNovemberday，agracefulEnglishladywalkintoacozybookshopintheheartofLondon’sChinatown.ShepickedupaorderlypileofNewYearcardsandcalendarsdecoratingwithbeautifulChinesepapercuttingpatternsandChineseinkpaintings.Thenshewarmgreetedtheshopassistant.Theladywas91-year-oldPamelaYoudewhosehusbandwasthelateSirEdwardYoude，whichservedasthegovernorofHongKongbetween1982andin1986.Forseveraldecade，YoudehasbeenaloyalcustomerofGuanghwaBookshop.Everywinter，apartfrombuyNewYearcardsfromGuanghwaforherfriendsandfamily，healsobuysChinesecalendarsforeachofherfourgrandchildren.SheexpectshelpthemlearnMandarinwell.答案OnabrightNovemberday，agracefulEnglishladyeq\f(walk,walked)intoacozybookshopintheheartofLondon’sChinatown.Shepickedupeq\f(a,an)orderlypileofNewYearcardsandcalendarseq\f(decorating,decorated)withbeautifulChinesepapercuttingpatternsandChineseinkpaintings.Thensheeq\f(warm,warmly)greetedtheshopassistant.Theladywas91-year-oldPamelaYoudewhosehusbandwasthelateSirEdwardYoude，eq\f(which,who)servedasthegovernorofHongKongbetween1982andin1986.Forseveraleq\f(decade,decades)，YoudehasbeenaloyalcustomerofGuanghwaBookshop.Everywinter，apartfromeq\f(buy,buying)NewYearcardsfromGuanghwaforherfriendsandfamily，eq\f(he,she)alsobuysChinesecalendarsforeachofherfourgrandchildren.Sheexpectseq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))helpthemlearnMandarinwell.B(2022·河南新乡二模)I’mverygladthatIspentthemeaningfulwinterholidaypleasant.Ifinishedmyhomeworkfirst.Furthermore，Ireadsomebooksanddevelopnewintereststoenrichmylives.Inanaddition，ItravelledtoThailandtolearnmoreabouttheworld.Itexpandedmyknowledgesandenrichedmyexperiences.What’smost，Iassistedmyparentsthehousework.Myparentshavecontributedsomuchtoyou，soIshoulddothatIcantohelpthem.Whatameaningfulholidayitwas!答案I’mverygladthatIspenteq\f(the,a)meaningfulwinterholidayeq\f(pleasant,pleasantly).Ifinishedmyhomeworkfirst.Furthermore，Ireadsomebooksandeq\f(develop,developed)newintereststoenrichmyeq\f(lives,life).Inanaddition，ItravelledtoThailandtolearnmoreabouttheworld.Itexpandedmyeq\f(knowledges,knowledge)andenrichedmyexperiences.What’seq\f(most,more)，Iassistedmyparentseq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(with/in))thehousework.Myparentshavecontributedsomuchtoeq\f(you,me)，soIshoulddoeq\f(that,what/whatever)Icantohelpthem.Whatameaningfulholidayitwas!强化练(三十四)短文改错(1)A(2022·河南名校联盟二模)AnEnglishdramacompetitionwouldbeheldintheschoolarthallnextFriday.Anycreativeideaswhichisaboutschoollifeiswarmwelcomed.Youcanalsochoosetomakechangesinfamousdramastoenterintothecompetition.Ifyouwanttoproveyou，pleasesignupbythisThursdayafternoon.Itisrewardingtakeyourtimetoprepareforthecompetition.Thereisanotherthingthatshouldbekeepinmind.Theplayshouldbenolongthanfifteenminutesonawhole.Formoreinformation，youcangotoourwebsite.Don’thesitate—come，orbeawinner!答案AnEnglishdramacompetitioneq\f(would,will)beheldintheschoolarthallnextFriday.Anycreativeeq\f(ideas,idea)whichisaboutschoollifeiseq\f(warm,warmly)welcomed.Youcanalsochoosetomakechangesinfamousdramastoenterintothecompetition.Ifyouwanttoproveeq\f(you,yourself/yourselves)，pleasesignupbythisThursdayafternoon.Itisrewardingeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))takeyourtimetoprepareforthecompetition.Thereisanotherthingthatshouldbeeq\f(keep,kept)inmind.Theplayshouldbenoeq\f(long,longer)thanfifteenminutesoneq\f(a,the)whole.Formoreinformation，youcangotoourwebsite.Don’thesitate—come，eq\f(or,and)beawinner!B(2022·安徽马鞍山教学质量监测)Lastweekend，myclassmatesandItookthetriptotheWetlandPark.Uponarrival，weattractedbythebeautifulscenerythere.Theparkwasreallyaniceplaceforhimtogobird-watching.Wefollowedaguide，whobriefintroductionwasinteresting.Wesawdifferentlytypesofbirdsandtookalotofpicture.Afterlunch，wedividedourselvesfromgroupstoplaygamesandsingsongs.Ataround5p．m.，wehadstartedtowalkback.Thetripwasofgreatuseful.Itofferedusachancetogetclosetonature，andmadeusknowtheimportanceofprotecttheenvironment.答案Lastweekend，myclassmatesandItookeq\f(the,a)triptotheWetlandPark.Uponarrival，weeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(were))attractedbythebeautifulscenerythere.Theparkwasreallyaniceplaceforeq\f(him,us)togobird-watching.Wefollowedaguide，eq\f(who,whose)briefintroductionwasinteresting.Wesaweq\f(differently,different)typesofbirdsandtookalotofeq\f(picture,pictures).Afterlunch，wedividedourselveseq\f(from,into)groupstoplaygamesandsingsongs.Ataround5p．m.，wehadstartedtowalkback.Thetripwasofgreateq\f(useful,use).Itofferedusachancetogetclosetonature，andmadeusknowtheimportanceofeq\f(protect,protecting)theenvironment.C(2022·贵州贵阳五校联考)Duringmylastsummerholiday,Igotothecountrysidetoenjoymyself.Isawmotherbirdinhernestinabigtree,watchingsomeofherbabyflyingaway.Ithoughtshemustbeveryproudofherchildren,thatwereabletofindherownfoodnow.Butshemightalsofeelasenseoflosssincetheywouldn’tneedofherday-to-daycareanylonger.Formyparents,thingsaremanyeasier.Wehavesetupourfamilyblogtopostingourphotosandjournals.OnceIleaveforcollege,wecanconvenientshareourexperiencesbutsupporteachother.Their“nest”willneverbeempty.答案Duringmylastsummerholiday,Ieq\f(go,went)tothecountrysidetoenjoymyself.Isaweq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(a))motherbirdinhernestinabigtree,watchingsomeofhereq\f(baby,babies)flyingaway.Ithoughtshemustbeveryproudofherchildren,eq\f(that,who)wereabletofindeq\f(her,their)ownfoodnow.Butshemightalsofeelasenseoflosssincetheywouldn’tneedofherday-to-daycareanylonger.Formyparents,thingsareeq\f(many,much)easier.Wehavesetupourfamilyblogtoeq\f(posting,post)ourphotosandjournals.OnceIleaveforcollege,wecaneq\f(convenient,conveniently)shareourexperienceseq\f(but,and)supporteachother.Their“nest”willneverbeempty.D(2022·山西太原一模)Lastweekend，IwasbrowsingTikTokwhenashortvideodrewmyattentions，whichexactlyshowedpeoplehowtomakeanamazedfruitplate.ThenIdecidedtogivethematry.FirstIcollectedsomefruitslikeapples，oranges，grapes，strawberriesorbananas.Af