新视野英语教程（第四版）读写教程2 课件 Unit 7 Secrets of Advertising

新视野英语教程读写教程2第四版CONTENTSAroundtheTopic▶ReadingThrough▶BasicWritingSkills▶ReadingMore▶PracticalWriting▶ChineseWisdom▶SecretsofAdvertisingUnit7AAgoodadvertisementoftenhasacatchy(容易记住的)andpowerfulslogan.MatchthefollowingadvertisingsloganswiththeirEnglishtranslations.善行无迹，留一盏灯温暖他人。关心别人，快乐自己。感谢不平凡的自己。全中国，让心回家。21.Helpingothersmakesushappy.2.Appreciateyourselfasyouareextraordinary.3.ForeveryChineseperson,homeiswheretheheartbelongs.4.Leavealightontowarmothers:asmallgesturewithgreatkindness.BCDABWorkinpairsandtellyourpartnerwhichsloganyoufindthemostcatchyandwhy.AdditionalActivitiesWatchthevideocarefullyanddiscussthefollowingquestions:Amongthesetechniques,whichonedoyouthinkyouwouldbeattractedasanaudience,andgivesomereasons;Whichtechniquewouldyouprefertouseandwhy?AdvertisingBackgroundInformationShakespeareandHisFirstPlayWilliamShakespeare(1564–1616)wasanEnglishplaywrightandpoet.Heiswidelyviewedastheauthorofatleast37playsand154sonnets,thegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguage,andoneoftheworld’sgreatestdramatists.HisfamousplaysincludecomediessuchasAMidsummerNight’sDream(《仲夏夜之梦》)aswellastragediessuchasHamlet(《哈姆雷特》)andRomeoandJuliet(《罗密欧与朱丽叶》).Shakespeare’searliestplayisprobablyHenryVI(《亨利六世》).BackgroundInformationWilliamCaxton(1422–1491)WilliamCaxtonwasaprinter,translatorandpublisher.Heprintedover100booksinhislifetime,andthesebookswereknownfortheircraftsmanship(工艺)andcarefulediting.CaxtonsetupapressinBruges,Belgium,inabout1474,andthefirstbookprintedinEnglishwaspublishedtherethenextyear.BackgroundInformationIndustrialRevolutionTheIndustrialRevolutionreferstothetransitiontonewmanufacturingprocessesincountriessuchasGreatBritain,Germany,andtheUnitedStatesfromaround1760stotheearly20thcentury.Thistransitionincludedgoingfromhandproductiontotheuseofmachines,particularlytheuseofsteampowerandelectricity.Asaresultofthistransition,outputwasgreatlyincreasedandmoreproductsweremadeavailable.BackgroundInformationCivilWarTheCivilWar,alsocalledtheAmericanCivilWar,wasfoughtbetweentheUnitedStates(“theNorth”)andtheConfederacy(“theSouth”)fromApril12,1861toApril9,1865.TheresultofthewarwasthattheConfederacysurrendered(投降)andslaverywasabolishedintheentirecountry.Warming-upLivingintheinformationage,wereceiveallkindsofinformationeverydaywhetherwewantornot,andamajorsourceofsuchinformationisadvertising.Ontheonehand,advertisementshelpproductsreachagreaternumberofpotentialcustomersandallowcustomerstomakewell-informedchoices.Ontheotherhand,therehasalwaysbeenaconcernaboutwhetheradsgivetruthfulandhelpfulinformationbecausesometimesconsumersarepersuadedtobuyproductstheydon’tneed.Insummary,modernadvertisinghasbenefits,butitalsohasitsdrawbacks.Afterreadingthetext,youcandiscussthefollowingquestions:Whatadsdoyoulike?Whatadsdoyoudislike?Aretheretoomanyadstoday?Whatcanyoudotoavoidbeingaffectedbyadsinanegativeway?Warming-upQuestionsYouranswersAuthor’sanswers1.Howisadvertisingrelatedtopeople?2.Whatisadvertisingbusinesslikeinpeople’smind?3.Whatisthepurposeofanadvertisement?TextA

Advertising

Advertisingispartofourdailylives.Tofindproof,youhaveonlytoleafthroughamagazineornewspaper,orcounttheradioortelevisioncommercialsthatyouhearinoneevening.Mostpeopleseeandhearamassofadvertisingmessageseveryday.Andpeoplerespondtothemanydevicesthatadvertisersusetogaintheirattention.广告广告是我们日常生活的一部分。要证明这一点，你只需浏览一下某份杂志或报纸，或者数一下你一个晚上收听到的广播或收看到的电视中商业广告有多少就行了。大多数人每天看到和听到大量的广告信息。人们会对广告商为引起其注意所使用的多种手段有所反应。TextAAdvertisingisabigbusiness—and,tomanypeople,afascinatingonefilledwithattractionandexcitement.It’spartliterature,partart,andpartshowbusiness.Advertisingisthedifficultbusinessofbringinginformationtoagreatnumberofpeople.Thepurposeofanadvertisementistomakepeoplerespond—tomakethemreacttoanidea,suchashelpingtopreventforestfires,ortomakethemwanttobuyacertainproductorservice.广告是一个大行业——而且对许多人来说，它是个有吸引力的行业，诱人而刺激。它包含文学的成分、艺术的成分，还有娱乐的成分。广告是一个很难发展的行业，它要把信息传递给许许多多的人。广告的目的是让人们作出响应——让他们响应某一理念，比如帮助预防森林火灾，或者让他们产生购买某种产品或服务的欲望。TextAAtthebeginningofthe20thcentury,advertisingwasdescribedas“salesmanship

inprint.”Ifthisdefinitionwereexpandedtoincluderadio,televisionandonlinemedia,itwouldstillstandtoday.Themosteffectivewaytosellsomethingisthroughperson-to-person

contact.Butthecostofperson-to-personsellingishigh.Becauseittakesagreatdealoftime,itincreasesthecostoftheproductorservice.Advertising,then,distributesthesellingmessagetomanypeopleatatime.20世纪初，广告被描述为“印在纸上的销售艺术”。如果把这个定义扩展到包括广播、电视和网络媒体，那么它今天仍然成立。出售商品最有效的办法是通过面对面的交流，但是当面销售成本很高。因为这样做要花费很多时间，所以产品或服务的成本增加了。然而，广告却可以把销售信息一次性传播给许多人。TextAAdvertisingisveryold.ItcanbetracedbackatleasttothepubliccriersofancientGreece—whoshoutedoutnewsandofficialannouncementstooneandall.Butitfirstbecameimportantinthelate15thcentury,whenthetradersoftherapidlygrowingcitiesandruraltownsneededawaytotellpeoplewheretheirgoodscouldbebought.广告非常古老，它至少可追溯到古希腊沿街高声传报消息的传报员——他们大声传报，把新闻和官方通告告知每一个人。然而，在15世纪后期，迅速发展的城市和村镇中的商人们需要有种办法，让人们知道在哪儿可以买到他们的货物，这让广告第一次变得重要起来。TextAThefirstprintedadvertisementintheEnglishlanguageappearedaround1476,morethanacenturybeforeShakespeare’sfirstplaywasproduced.ThisearlyadvertisementwastheworkofWilliamCaxton,England’sfirstprinter,whousedittoadvertise

religiousbooksfromhisownstudio.Besidesadvertisinghisproduct,heidentifiedhisshopwithacertaintrademarksothatcustomerscouldfinditeasily.第一份印刷的英文广告大约出现于1476年，比莎士比亚的第一部戏剧还早一个多世纪。这份早期广告是英国第一位印刷商威廉·卡克斯顿的作品，他利用广告来推销自己工厂制作出来的宗教书籍。除了给自己的产品做广告外，他还用某种商标来标明自己的商店，以便顾客能轻易找到。TextAThissamesortofsimple,informationaladvertisingisstillused.Examplesincludetheroadsidesignsthattelltravelersthattheycanbuyfreshcornjustdowntheroadorthatthereisarestaurantinthenexttown.与此相似的、简单的信息性广告如今仍在沿用。例如，路边的招牌能告诉路人前方可以买到新鲜玉米或者下一个城镇有家餐馆。TextATheIndustrialRevolution,inthe18thand19thcenturies,hadastronginfluenceonadvertising.Largefactoriestooktheplaceofsmallworkshops,andgoodswereproducedinlargequantities.Manufacturersusedthenewlybuiltrailroadstodistributetheirproductsoverwideareas.Theyhadtofindmanythousandsofcustomersinordertostayinbusiness.Theycouldnotsimplytellpeoplewhereshoesorclothorteacouldbebought—theyhadtolearnhowtomakepeoplewanttobuyaspecificproduct.Advertisinghelpedtocreatenewmarketsandtoraisestandardsoflivingaspeoplecametofeelthattheyhadarighttonewandbetterproducts.18世纪和19世纪的工业革命对广告业影响深远。大工厂取代了小作坊，批量生产商品。生产商利用新修的铁路将货物配送到广大区域。为了维持生意，他们得找到成千上万的顾客。他们不能只告诉人们到哪里去买鞋子、布匹或茶叶；他们还必须学会如何使人们想要去购买某一特定产品。广告有助于开拓新的市场、提高生活水平，因为人们逐渐认识到他们有权享用更好的新商品。TextAAdvertisingagenciesbegantodevelopintheUnitedStatesjustaftertheCivilWar.Atfirst,thechief

objectiveoftheseagencieswastosellspaceinthevariousmedia,mainlynewspapersandmagazines.Buttheysoonaddedtheserviceofwritingandproducingadvertisements.Fromthesemodestbeginnings,advertisinghasdevelopedintoahighly

specializedandprofitablebusiness.在美国，内战刚结束，广告代理公司便开始发展起来。起初，这些公司的主要目标是推销各种媒体——主要是报纸和杂志——的版面，但它们很快增加了撰写和制作广告的服务。虽然起步不算高，但如今广告业已发展成了一个高度专业化和高利润的行业。TextAThispassagegivesanaccountofthebirthofadvertising.Atfirst,themainobjectiveofadvertisingwastotellpeoplewherecertaingoodscouldbebought.Nowadays,adsareusednotonlytodistributeproductinformationbutalsotopersuadepeopletobuytheproductsorservices.MainIdeaTextATextStructure→ExercisePartsParagraphsMainideasIntroduction1Advertisingispartofourdailylives.Body2–10Thenatureofadvertising(Paras.2–5)Abriefhistoryofadvertising(Paras.6–10)Conclusion11Advertisinghasdevelopedintoahighlyspecializedandprofitablebusiness.a)Formofadvertising:partliterature,partart,partshowbusiness(Para.2)b)Purposeofadvertising:tomakepeoplereacttoanidea,ortomakethemwanttobuyacertainproductorservice(Para.3)c)Definitionatthebeginningofthe20thcentury:“salesmanshipinprint”(Para.4)d)Strength:reachingagreateramountofpeopleatatimecomparedtoperson-to-personselling(Para.5)a)FromthepubliccriersofancientGreecetoadvertisinginthelate15thcentury(Para.6)b)Informationaladvertising:thefirstprintedadvertisementaround1476androadsidesigns(Paras.7–8)c)Thebirthofmodernadvertisinginthe18thand19thcenturies:helpingcreateanewmarket(Para.9)d)Developmentofadvertisingagencies(Para.10)NEWWORDSadvertisingproofcommercialmassrespondfascinatingattractionexcitementreactsalesmanshipdefinitionmediumcontactdistributecriertraderruraladvertisereligiousstudiotrademarkinformationalroadsideworkshopspecificagencycivilchiefobjectivemodesthighlyspecializedprofitablePHRASES&EXPRESSIONSleafthroughamassofrespond/reacttoinprintagreatdealofshoutoutoneandalltaketheplaceofstayinbusinesshavea/therighttoPROPERNAMESGreeceShakespeareWilliamCaxtonIndustrialRevolutionCivilWarAdvertisementsarecommoninoureverydaylives.Advertisingispartofourdailylives.MeaningBacktoTextIfyouwanttoprovethisistrue,allyouneedtodoistakeaquicklookatamagazineornewspaper,orthinkabouthowmanyadvertisementsyouhearovertheradioorontelevisioninoneevening.Tofindproof,youhaveonlytoleafthroughamagazineornewspaper,orcounttheradioortelevisioncommercialsthatyouhearinoneevening.MeaningBacktoTextMostpeoplereadandlistentoalotofadvertisementseachday.Mostpeopleseeandhearamassofadvertisingmessageseveryday.MeaningBacktoTextAndpeoplereacttothemanytechniquesthatadvertisersusetoattractthem.Andpeoplerespondtothemanydevicesthatadvertisersusetogaintheirattention.MeaningBacktoTextWeshouldlaunchanadvertisingcampaigntopromotethesaleofournewproducts.我们应该开展一个广告宣传活动来促销我们的新产品。advertising[U]theactivityorbusinessofadvertisingthingsontelevision,innewspapers,etc.广告（业）BacktoTextn.Canyoushowusanyproofofyoureducationalbackground?你能给我们出示一下有关你教育背景的证明吗？proof[C;U]facts,information,documents,etc.thatprovesomethingistrue证据；证明BacktoTextn.Shewasleafingthroughthemagazinetofindtheadvertisementshesawtheotherday.她正匆匆翻阅那本杂志，寻找她几天前看过的那条广告。leafthroughturnthepagesofabookquickly,withoutreadingthemproperly匆匆翻阅BacktoTextIfellinlovewiththebrandwhenIfirstwatchedthisshampoocommercial.我第一次看到这个洗发水广告就爱上了这个品牌。commercialn.[C]anadvertisementontelevisionorradio商业广告BacktoTextThisisacommercialtripandwehavetovisitseveralclients.这是一次商务旅行，我们要拜访几位客户。adj.relatedtobusinessandthebuyingandsellingofgoodsandservices商业的；商务的Hergardenisamassofflowers.她的花园种满了花。mass1)[C](usuallysingular)alargeamountorquantityofsomething许多；大量BacktoTextn.Thepeopleonthedeckspottedafloatingmassoficeonthesea.甲板上的人们发现海面上有一大块浮冰。2)[C]alargesolidlumporpile团；块；堆massproduction批量生产[onlybeforenoun仅用于名词前]affectingorinvolvingalargenumberofpeopleorthings大批的；数量极多的adj.NextpageAmassofskyscrapershavebeenputupinthiscityoverthepast20years.在过去20年里，这个城市建起了一大批摩天大楼。amassofalargenumberof;alotof大量；许多BacktoTextYourbodywillrespondtodailyexerciseandbuildupmorestrength.你的身体会对日常锻炼作出反应，并增强力量。respond1)showaresponseorareactiontosomething作出反应；回应BacktoTextAfterIwrotealettertotheinternationalstudentoffice,theyrespondedrightaway.我给留学生办公室写了一封信后，他们马上给了答复。2)reply答复；回答Nextpagev.Sherespondedtothenewswithgreatjoy.听到这消息她非常高兴。Howdidyourparentsreacttoyourideaofmovingtoanothercity?你父母对于你要搬去另外一个城市这个想法作何反应？respond/reacttofeelandexpresstheresultoreffectofsomething对……作出反应BacktoTextInthedigitalage,advertisersalsorelyonbigdatatounderstand

theirtargetcustomersbetter.在数字时代，广告商也在利用大数据更好地了解其目标客户。advertiser[C]apersonorcompanythatadvertisessomething

广告商；登广告者BacktoTextn.Advertisingisabigmoney-makingindustry.Manypeoplefinditveryinterestingasitisbothattractiveandexciting.Advertisingisabigbusiness—and,tomanypeople,afascinatingonefilledwithattractionandexcitement.MeaningBacktoTextAdvertisingispartlycreativewriting,partlyart,andpartlyentertainment.It’spartliterature,partart,andpartshowbusiness.MeaningBacktoTextAnadvertisementaimstomakepeoplereact—tomakethemdoorsaysomethinginresponsetoacertainidea,suchashelpingtostopwildfiresfromhappening,ortopersuadethemtobuyaparticularproductorservice.Thepurposeofanadvertisementistomakepeoplerespond—tomakethemreacttoanidea,suchashelpingtopreventforestfires,ortomakethemwanttobuyacertainproductorservice.MeaningBacktoTextHowcanIeverforgetthistrulyfascinatingcountryofyours!我怎么会忘记你们这个如此令人陶醉的国家呢！fascinatingextremelyinterestingandcharming有极大吸引力的；迷人的BacktoTextadj.Beingyourownbossisoneoftheattractionsofrunningyourownbusiness.自己当老板是创业的诱惑力之一。attraction1)[C;U]afeatureorqualitythatmakessomethingseeminterestingorenjoyable吸引力；诱惑力BacktoTextResearchshowsthattherearephysicalsignsofattractionbetweentwopeople.研究表明，两个人相互爱慕会通过肢体语言表达出来。2)[C;U]thefeelingoflikingsomeone,becauseofthewaytheylookorbehave爱慕；喜爱Nextpagev.Asyoumovethemagnetclosertotheironnail,theattractionbetweenthenailandthemagnetbecomesstronger.当你把磁铁放得离铁钉越近，磁铁和钉子之间的吸引力就变得越强。attraction3)[C;U](technical)aforcewhichmakesthingsmovetogetherorstaytogether（术语）吸引力BacktoTextv.Shecouldhardlyhideherexcitementatthenews.得知这个消息后，她难掩激动的心情。excitement[U]thefeelingoflivelyandcheerfuljoy;thestateofbeingemotionallyarousedandworkedup激动；兴奋BacktoTextn.Hissuccessasanactorintheshowbusinesswasshort-lived.他在娱乐界当演员只红了很短一段时间。showbusinesstheentertainmentbusiness;thejobofpeoplewhoworkintelevision,themovies,thetheater,etc.娱乐界；演艺界BacktoTextPeoplereactdifferentlytothesamesituation.面对同一情况，人们的反应会不同。react1)behaveinaparticularwayorshowaparticularemotionbecauseofsomethingthathashappenedorbeensaid（作出）反应BacktoTextThetwosubstanceswon’treactintheabsenceofoxygen.在没有氧气的情况下，这两种物质不会发生化学反应。2)(ofasubstance)changewhenmixedwithanothersubstance起化学反应vi.Inthefirstfewyearsofthe20thcentury,advertisingwasknownas“theskillofsellingthroughposters,magazines,newspapers,orbooks.”Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,advertisingwasdescribedas“salesmanshipinprint.”MeaningBacktoTextTodaywecanstilldescribeadvertisingassalesmanshipwhenwelookatawiderrangeofmediasuchasradio,televisionandonlinemedia.Ifthisdefinitionwereexpandedtoincluderadio,televisionandonlinemedia,itwouldstillstandtoday.MeaningBacktoTextThemostusefulwaytosellgoodsisthroughface-to-facecommunication.Themosteffectivewaytosellsomethingisthroughperson-to-personcontact.MeaningBacktoTextAsperson-to-personsellingrequiresalotoftime,thecostoftheproductorservicebecomeshigher.Becauseittakesagreatdealoftime,itincreasesthecostoftheproductorservice.MeaningBacktoTextAdvertising,thus,deliversthekeyideaabouttheproductbeingsoldtoalotofpeopleatthesametime.Advertising,then,distributesthesellingmessagetomanypeopleatatime.MeaningBacktoTextIttooksomesalesmanshiptoincreaseourmarketshareintheregion.我们通过运用一些推销技巧提高了在该地区的市场份额。salesmanship[U]theskillorabilitytopersuadepeopletobuythingsaspartofyourjob推销术；销售技巧BacktoTextn.It’sexcitingtoseemynameinprintinthenewspaper.看到自己的名字见报了，真让人兴奋。inprintprintedinabook,newspaper,etc.已刊印；已发表BacktoTextTherearemanydifferentdefinitionsofartificialintelligence.关于人工智能有很多不同的定义。definition1)[C]aphraseorsentencethatsaysexactlywhataword,phrase,orideameans定义；释义BacktoTextAchildren’shospital,bydefinition,iswheresickkidsaretreated.儿童医院本质上就是患儿接受治疗的地方。2)(bydefinition)asapartofthebasicnatureofsomething就本质而言；从定义上来说n.Theissuehasbeenmuchdiscussedonsocialmedia.这一问题在社交媒体上得到了广泛讨论。medium[C](pluralmedia)awayofcommunicatinginformationandnewstopeople,suchasnewspapers,television,etc.传播媒介（如报纸、电视等）BacktoTextn.OurofferwillstanduntilDecember.我们的报价12月前有效。standifanoffer,adecision,etc.madeearlierstands,itisstillvalid保持有效；维持不变BacktoTextvi.Technicalsupportisofferedonaperson-to-personbasis.技术支持是向个人直接提供的。person-to-person[onlybeforenoun仅用于名词前]involvingcommunicationbetweenpeople个人之间的BacktoTextadj.Note:Thefollowingaretwomoreexamplesofthesamestructure:face-to-facetalk面对面的交谈heart-to-hearttalk坦诚亲切的交谈Schoolsshouldbeinclosecontactwithparentsregardingtheirchildren’seducation.学校应该与家长们在孩子的教育方面保持密切联系。contact1)[U]theactofcommunicatingwithsomeone,especiallyregularly联系；联络BacktoTextInsportslikebasketballorsoccer,bodycontactbetweenplayersishardtoavoid.在诸如篮球或足球等运动中，球员之间的身体接触很难避免。2)[U]thestateoftouchingsomething触摸；接触Nextpagen.Whenthechildwasfound,thepolicecontactedhisparentsatonce.找到小孩后，警察立即和他的父母取得了联系。contactcommunicatewithsomeonebycallingorsendingthemaletter,email,etc.联系；联络BacktoTextvt.Businessesareinvestingagreatdealoftimeandmoneytoattractyoungconsumers.商家正投入大量的时间和资金来吸引年轻消费者。agreatdealofalargequantityofsomething很多；大量BacktoTextNote:“agreatdealof”isonlyusedwithuncountablenouns(不可数名词).Whenwillthesemagazinesbereadytobedistributedtosubscribers?这些杂志什么时候可以送到订阅者手中？distributegivesomethingouttoseveralpeople,orspreadorsupplysomething分发；分配BacktoTextvt.TheoriginofadvertisingcanbetracedatleasttothetowncriersinGreeceinancienttimes—thecriersspokeinaloudvoice,informingeveryonewhowaspassingbyaboutnewsandstatementsmadebypeopleinauthority.ItcanbetracedbackatleasttothepubliccriersofancientGreece—whoshoutedoutnewsandofficialannouncementstooneandall.MeaningBacktoTextButadvertisingstartedtoplayasignificantroleinthelate1400s.Atthattime,sellersfromthefast-growingcitiesandtownsinthecountrysidewantedamethodwhichwouldallowthemtotellpeoplewheretobuytheirgoods.Butitfirstbecameimportantinthelate15thcentury,whenthetradersoftherapidlygrowingcitiesandruraltownsneededawaytotellpeoplewheretheirgoodscouldbebought.MeaningBacktoTextSomepeoplewerenotawareofthemayor’sannouncementbecausetheylivedtoofarawaytohearthepubliccrier.有些人不知道有市长公告，因为他们住得太远没有听到传报员的传报。crier[C]atowncrier—someoneemployedinthepasttowalkaroundthestreetsofatown,shoutingnews,warnings,etc.（昔日沿街高声传报消息的）公告传报员BacktoTextn.Thecommandershoutedouttheordertohissoldiers.指挥官向战士们大声喊出命令。shoutoutsaysomethinginaloudvoicesothatitcanbeclearlyheard大声说出BacktoTextThemoviestarwavedherhandtooneandallasshewalkedintothestudio.那位影星走进摄影棚时向每个人挥手致意。oneandalleveryone每个人；全体BacktoTextAlthoughthecompanystartedasatraderofgrains,itnowdealsinmanyotherproductsaswell.虽然公司一开始是粮食经销商，但是现在也经营许多其他产品。trader[C]someonewhobuysandsellsgoodsorstocks商人；经商者BacktoTextn.Theforestfirespreadveryrapidlybecauseofthehotweatherandstrongwind.由于天气炎热，风力强劲，森林大火蔓延得很快。rapidlyinaquickmanner快地；迅速地BacktoTextadv.Peoplelivinginruralareasarelesslikelytoexperiencetrafficjamsthanthosewholiveinthecity.居住在农村的人比住在城里的人遇到交通堵塞的概率要小很多。ruralin,of,orlikethecountryside乡村的；农村的BacktoTextadj.ThisfirstadvertisementinEnglishwasmadebyWilliamCaxton,whowasthefirstpersoninEnglandtoworkintheprintingbusiness.Heusedtheadvertisementtopromoteandsellbookscontainingreligiouscontentthatwereprintedinhisownworkshop.ThisearlyadvertisementwastheworkofWilliamCaxton,England’sfirstprinter,whousedittoadvertisereligiousbooksfromhisownstudio.MeaningBacktoTextInadditiontousingadvertisementstopromotehisgoods,Caxtonusedaparticularsymboltorepresenthisshop,sothatbuyerscouldfinditwithoutdifficulty.Besidesadvertisinghisproduct,heidentifiedhisshopwithacertaintrademarksothatcustomerscouldfinditeasily.MeaningBacktoTextIstronglysuggestthatweadvertiseourproductsonsocialmediaplatformstoreachmoreyoungconsumers.我强烈建议我们在社交媒体平台上做广告推广我们的产品，让更多的年轻消费者知道。advertisebellthepublicaboutaproductoraserviceinordertoencouragepeopletobuyortouseit做广告；登广告BacktoTextv.Inancienttimes,manyreligiousbuildingswerebuiltinhighplacestomakethemlookgrand.在古代，许多宗教建筑都建在高地上，以显示其宏伟。religiousrelatingtoreligioningeneralortoaparticularreligion宗教的BacktoTextadj.Thestudiowhereshepaintedwasattheverytopofthebuilding.她的绘画工作室在大楼的最顶层。studio1)[C]aworkroomforapainter,photographer,etc.工作室BacktoTextn.Thefamousradiohostsometimesgetsoutofthebroadcaststudioandinterviewspeopleinthestreet.这位著名的电台主持人有时候会走出播音室进行街头采访。2)[C]aroomfromwhichbroadcastsaremadeorinwhichrecordingsaremade播音室；录音室Wemusttakemeasurestoprotectourcompany’strademarks.我们必须采取措施保护本公司的商标。trademark[C]anameordesignbelongingtoaparticularcompanyandusedonitsproducts商标BacktoTextn.Nowadayspeoplestillusethesamekindofstraightforwardadvertisementsjusttogiveinformation.Thissamesortofsimple,informationaladvertisingisstillused.MeaningBacktoTextThesignsstandingnexttotheroadareexamplesofthiskind.Sometelldriversthattheycanbuynewlyharvestedcornashortdistanceahead.Othersignstellpeoplethatthereisarestaurantinthenexttown.Examplesincludetheroadsidesignsthattelltravelersthattheycanbuyfreshcornjustdowntheroadorthatthereisarestaurantinthenexttown.MeaningBacktoTextAdozenofpeopleshowedupforthefirstinformationalmeeting.有十来个人出席了第一次信息通报会。informationalrelatingtoorhavingthenatureofinformation信息的BacktoTextadj.Westoodbytheroadsideandwaitedforthebus.我们站在路边等公共汽车。roadside[singular]theedgeoftheroad路边；路旁BacktoTextn.Smallproductionshopsdisappearedandbigfactoriesweresetupinstead…Largefactoriestooktheplaceofsmallworkshops…MeaningBacktoTextItwascriticalforthemtohavehundredsandthousandsofbuyerssoastokeeptheirbusinessesgoing.Theyhadtofindmanythousandsofcustomersinordertostayinbusiness.MeaningBacktoTextItwasnolongerenoughforthemanufacturerstojustgivepeopletheinformationastowheretheycouldbuyshoes,clothortea.Theyalsoneededtolearnthewaystopersuadepeopletobuyaparticularproduct.Theycouldnotsimplytellpeoplewhereshoesorclothorteacouldbebought—theyhadtolearnhowtomakepeoplewanttobuyaspecificproduct.MeaningBacktoTextAdvertisingwashelpfulinexpandingmarketsandimprovingpeople’swayoflifebecausepeoplegraduallybecameawarethattheycouldenjoynewandbettergoods.Advertisinghelpedtocreatenewmarketsandtoraisestandardsoflivingaspeoplecametofeelthattheyhadarighttonewandbetterproducts.MeaningBacktoTextThestoryofHuaMulanisaboutayounggirlwhotooktheplaceofherfatherandjoinedthearmytofight.花木兰的故事讲的是一个女孩替父从军去打仗。taketheplaceofexistorbeusedinsteadofsomeoneorsomethingelse;replace代替；取代BacktoTextAllworkersmustputonspecialprotectiveglovesandshoesintheworkshop.在车间里，所有工人都必须戴上特制的防护手套，穿上特制的防护鞋。workshop1)[C]aroomorbuildingwheretoolsandmachinesareusedformakingorrepairingthings车间；工场BacktoTextn.Thetrainingprogramincludesseveralworkshopsondatabases.这个培训项目包括几次数据库方面的研讨会。2)[C]ameetingatwhichpeopleimprovetheirskillsbydiscussingtheirexperiencesanddoingpracticalexercises研讨会；研习班Nocompanyisgoingtostayinbusinessbyofferinglow-qualityservicesoveralongperiodoftime.长远来看，没有哪家公司能够靠着低质量的服务维持经营。stayinbusinesscontinueoperatingandnotbecomebankrupt继续经营BacktoTextThepoliciesofthegovernmentareformulatedaccordingtothespecificconditionsinthiscountry.政府的政策是根据本国的特定国情制定的。specific1)[onlybeforenoun仅用于名词前]involvingorrelatingtoonlyoneparticularthingortypeofthing特定的BacktoTextadj.Theteachergaveusveryspecificinstructionsbeforewesetout.我们出发前，老师给了我们非常明确的指示。2)exactanddetailed明确的；具体的NextpageThisweatherconditionisspecifictothesouth.这一气候条件仅限于南方。specific3)(formal)limitedto,oraffectingonlyoneparticularthing（正式）仅限于某事物的；只对某事物有影响的BacktoTextadj.Asyourbusinesspartner,hehasarighttoashareofthecompany’sprofit.作为商业合伙人，他有权分享公司的利润。havea/therighttohaveamoralorlegalauthoritytohaveordosomething有……的权利BacktoTextAdvertisingcompaniesstartedtogrowintheUnitedStatesassoonastheCivilWarended.AdvertisingagenciesbegantodevelopintheUnitedStatesjustaftertheCivilWar.MeaningBacktoTextAtthebeginning,themaingoaloftheseadvertisingcompanieswastogetbusinessestobuysectionsindifferentnewspublications,mostlyinnewspapersandmagazines,wheretheycouldplacetheiradvertisements.Atfirst,thechiefobjectiveoftheseagencieswastosellspaceinthevariousmedia,mainlyn