2023-2024学年度外研版选择性必修二Unit5 A delicate world课时作业

2023-2024学年度外研版选择性必修二Unit5Adelicateworld课时作业课时作业(一)主题阅读集群训练(限时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·雅礼十六校联考)Earth'slongestartificialstructureisusuallysaidtobetheGreatWallofChinawhilethesecond－longestisnotawall,butafence.Itstretchesfor5,614kmacrosseasternAustraliaandisintendedtostopthecountry'swilddogs,thedingoes,fromhuntingsheep.Australia'sdingofencedoesnotstandalone.Millionsofkilometresoffenceswraptheworld.Someareintendedtolimitthemovementofanimals,somethemovementofpeople,andsomemerelytomarktheboundary.Untilrecently,dataontheeffectsoffencesonwildlifehavebeeninadequate.ThathaschangedwiththepublicationofareportbyprofessorAlexMcInturff.Onediscoveryhehasmadeisthatmorethanhalfofpublishedfenceresearchfocusesonjustfivecountries—America,Australia,Botswana,ChinaandSouthAfrica.Asecondisthatonlyathirdofthesestudiesexaminedtheimpactoffencesonanythingotherthanthetargetspeciesinvolved,meaningtheanimalspurposelyintendedtobekeptinorout.Non－targetspecies,however,areoftenthosethathavetheirfortunesmostgreatlyreshapedbytheappearanceofpolesandwire.Australianfencesintendedtokeepoutdingoesarealsobarrierstolong－neckedturtles,whichtravelgreatdistancesoverlandwhenmovingbetweennestingsites.InBotswanafencesbuilttosparecattlefromwildlife－bornediseaseresultinseriousinterferencewithwildebeest(角马)migrations.Noteverycreaturefaresbadly.Hawks(鹰)inMontanagladlysitonnewlybuiltlivestockfencestohuntsmallanimals,whilefence－basedspidersinSouthAfricaoutperformtheirtree－basedcousinswhenitcomestocatchinginsects.Often,though,thewinnersarecreaturesthatcausetroubleforexistingecosystems.KeepingdingoesoutoflargepartsofAustraliahasallowedaggressiveredfoxestomultiply.Nativerodents(啮齿类动物)havesufferedasaresult.Somehavebeenbroughttotheedgeofextinction.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述建立围栏的作用及围栏对生态的影响。1．Whichisapurposeofbuildingfences?A．Toexpandtheboundaryofacountry.B．Toprotectlivestocklikesheepandcattle.C．Tostopwildanimalsfrombeinghunted.D．Tohelppeoplemovearoundfreely.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段可知，建立围栏的目的是为了保护牛羊等牲畜，以防野狗捕猎。2．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudiesonfences?A．Dataontheimpactoffenceshavebeenproved.B．Previousresearcheswerecompleteandsystematic.C．Abouttwo－thirdsofthestudiesfocusonthetargetanimals.D．Notallstudiesexaminedtheeffectoffencesonwildlife.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，三分之一的研究集中在目标动物以外的东西上，故推知大约三分之二的研究集中在目标动物身上。3．Whichanimalsunexpectedlybenefitfromfences?A．CattleinBotswana.B．WildebeestinBotswana.C．RedfoxesinAustralia.D．NativerodentsinAustralia.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，澳大利亚红狐狸从围栏中受益。B(2023·佛山模拟)Masksthathelpedsavelivesduringthepandemicareprovingadeadlythreatforwildlife.Macaques(猕猴)havebeenspottedchewingthestrapsoffoldandtossed－asidemasksinthehillsoutsideMalaysia'scapitalKualaLumpur—apotentialchokingthreatforthediminutivemonkeys.AndinanincidentthatcapturedheadlinesinBritain,agull(海鸥)wasrescuedbytheRSPCAinthecityofChelmsfordafteritslegsbecametangled(缠绕)inthestrapsofadisposable(一次性的)maskforuptoaweek.Theanimalwelfarecharitywasalertedafterthebirdwasspotted,motionlessbutstillalive,andtheytookittoawildlifehospitalfortreatmentbeforeitsrelease.Thebiggestimpactmaybeinthewater,withgreengroupsalarmedatthefloodofusedmasks,latex(乳胶)glovesandotherprotectivegearfindingtheirwayintoalreadypollutedseasandrivers.ConservationistsinBrazilfoundoneinsidethestomachofapenguinafteritsbodywasheduponabeach,whileadeadpufferfishwasdiscoveredcaughtinsideanotheroffthecoastofMiami.FrenchcampaignersOperationMerProprefoundadeadcrabtrappedinamaskinasaltwaterlagoonneartheMediterraneaninSeptember.Masksandglovesare“particularlyproblematic”forseacreatures,saysGeorgeLeonard,chiefscientistfromUS－basedNGOOceanConservancy.“Whenthoseplasticsbreakdownintheenvironment,theyformsmallerandsmallerparticles.Thoseparticlesthenenterthefoodchainandimpactentireecosystems，”headded.Therehasbeenashifttowardsgreateruseofreusableclothmasks,butmanyarestillchoosingthelightersingle－usevarieties.Campaignershaveurgedpeopletothrowthemawayproperlyandcutthestrapstoreducetheriskofanimalsbecomingtrapped.OceansAsiahasalsocalledongovernmentstoincreasefinesforlitteringandencouragetheuseofwashablemasks.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在疫情期间帮助人们挽救生命的口罩对野生动物来说有致命的威胁。4．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Seriousincidentsofwildlifehunting.B．Scientificresearchintowildlifelivinghabits.C．Howwildlifeisaffectedbydisposablemasks.D．Howhumanbeingsprotectendangeredwildlife.解析：选C段落大意题。根据第一句可知，啃咬一次性口罩的带子会给小猕猴带来窒息风险。根据第二句可知，一次性口罩带子缠住海鸥的腿。因此本段讲述的是废弃口罩如何影响野生动物。5．Howdomasksendangerseaanimals?A．Seaanimalsmaygettwistedbymasks.B．Seaanimalscan'tfindtheirwayhome.C．Seaanimalshavedifficultiesinfindingfood.D．Seaanimalsareforcedtoleavetheirhabitats.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，口罩威胁海洋生物的方式是被一次性口罩的带子缠住。6．Whatissuggestedinthelastparagraph?A．Puttingbansonsingle－usemasks.B．Gettingridofusedmasksproperly.C．Givingmaskproducersheavyfines.D．Reducingtheriskofwashablemasks.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，本段倡议合理丢弃口罩，与B选项意义一致。7．Whichsectionofthenewspapercanthispassagebefound?A．Business. B．Education.C．Lifestyle. D．Environment.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第一段可知，文章的主题是关于口罩对野生动物的威胁，表达的是人类活动对环境的影响。第二至第五段通过举例子的方式介绍了口罩如何影响了野生动物的生存。最后一段是针对此问题提出的环保倡议。故可判断文章可能是来自报纸上的“环境”版面。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Whenmyfriendofferedmeaspiderplantsprout,IdecidedtotrysomethingI'dneverdonebefore:committobecomingaplantperson.Afterdoingresearchandchangingmyperspective,IcanproudlysayIamsucceeding.___8__.StartwithEasyPlants__9__.Justwaterandsunlight,right?Apparentlynot.Ifocusedmyeffortsoneasyplants,whichhavebasicneeds,andaren'tastemperamentalassomeotherplants.ResearchItmightseemlikeapainbutdoingalittleresearchcanbethedifferencebetweenyourplantsurvivingandthriving.Lookinguphowmuchsunlighttheplantneeds,howoftentowaterit,__10__andifitrequiresanyspecialcarecanhelpyoutobeagoodplantperson.___11__Toomuchwatercandrowntheplant.Notwateringyourplantenoughcancauseittodryoutanddieveryquickly.You'dbettermakeawateringscheduletomakesureyoudon'toverorunderwateryourplants.CatertothePlantJustafterafewweeks,Inoticedtheplantleaveswerelosingtheirgreencolor.Ifoundspiderplantsdon'tdowellwithintenseafternoonsunlight.SoIcompletelyrearrangedallmyplantsinmylivingroomtocatertotheirspecificsunlightneeds.__12__.A．DoItwithLoveB．PlantsNeedWateringEveryDayC．CreateaWateringScheduleD．whattemperatureitdoesbestinE．NowmyplantsarethrivingmorethaneverF．Liketakingonanymajorproject,it'sbesttostartsimplyG．Herearesometipstotakeonhouseplantswhenyoudonothaveagreenthumb语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何栽培吊兰。8．选G根据下文四个小标题可知，本篇文章主要介绍了四种种植室内吊兰的方法，G项意为“当你不擅长养室内植物的时候，这里有一些方法可以帮助你”，是对下文的总结，起到了总领全文的作用。故选G。9．选F根据空前StartwithEasyPlants和空后“Justwaterandsunlight,right?”可知，本段主要讲了要从简单的植物入手，F项意为“就像承担任何重大项目一样，最好从简单开始”总领下文，故选F。10．选D空前“Lookinguphowmuchsunlighttheplantneeds,howoftentowaterit”主要讲了看看吊兰需要多少阳光，多久浇水一次；空后“andifitrequiresanyspecialcarecanhelpyoutobeagoodplantperson”讲了看看吊兰是否需要特殊的照顾。D项意为“它在什么温度下最好”，照应了前后文，讲明了种植吊兰时的注意事项。故选D。11．选C根据下文“You'dbettermakeawateringscheduletomakesureyoudon'toverorunderwateryourplants.”可知，这是在建议要固定浇水时间。C项意为“制定一个浇水的时间表”，是对本段的总结。故选C。12．选E根据前文内容可知，前面的做法对植物生长没有好处，因此作者重新摆放植物的位置以便于植物很好地成长，E项意为“现在我的植物比以往任何时候都茁壮”，承接上文。故选E。Ⅲ.完形填空(2023·汕头模拟)I'mageologist.IhavebeenresearchingchangesintheAntarcticicesheetstohelpgovernmentsplanforfloodsandother__13__ofachangingclimate.IfirstmetTomonthetipofAntarctica.Heisaprofessionalmountaineerwho__14__geologistswiththeirresearch.Wewere__15__heretogether,hundredsofmilesfromanyoneelse,foratwo－month__16__.Mytaskwassimple:tocollectrock__17__fromasmanypeaksaspossible.Itisphysicallyexhaustingwork,andnotwithout__18__，assomeofthecrevasse(裂缝)fieldswecrossedleftmeshaking.IreliedonTomformy__19__：mylifewasinhishands.Trustquicklygrewbetweenus,andour__20__did,too.Withinaweekwe'd__21__deeptopics:themeaningoflife,andwhatfollowsdeath.WhenIgotthedateformyreturnjourney,Istartedtofeel___22__.Ididn'twantourtimethereto___23__.Wefeltwehadtomakethemostofthefinalfewdaysto__24__memories.Sayinggoodbyetoeachotherwasa(n)__25__.Iwasheadingofftostartanothermission,soIwas__26__themanwho'dbeenthroughitwithme.Ilookeddownathimasmyplanetookoff,knowingwhatwehadjustbeenthroughtogetherwas___27__intime.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了身为一名地质学家的作者与一名登山运动员汤姆之间的合作经历。13．A.advantages B．consequencesC．tendencies D．causes解析：选B根据后文“changingclimate”可知，应该是制订应对其他气候变化后果的计划。故选B项。14．A.instructs B．familiarizesC．assists D．presents解析：选C根据前文“Heisaprofessionalmountaineer”可知，因为汤姆是职业登山运动员，所以汤姆是帮助作者进行研究的。assistsb.withsth.意为“帮助某人某事”。故选C项。15．A.stuck B．desertedC．locked D．arrested解析：选A根据“hundredsofmilesfromanyoneelse”可知，作者和汤姆是被困住了。故选A项。16．A.holiday B．treatmentC．mission D．sentence解析：选C根据最后一段中“Iwasheadingofftostartanothermission”可知，作者应该是为了完成任务而来的。故选C项。17．A.information B．evidenceC．examples D．samples解析：选D作者的职业是地质学家，所以他的任务应该是收集岩石样本。故选D项。18．A.danger B．pleasureC．shame D．reward解析：选A根据后文“someofthecrevasse(裂缝)fieldswecrossedleftmeshaking”可知，这项工作很危险。故选A项。19．A.health B．safetyC．board D．future解析：选B根据本句中“mylifewasinhishands”可知，作者依靠汤姆来保护他的安全。故选B项。20．A.friendship B．confidenceC．experience D．hardship解析：选A根据下文“Withinaweekwe'd____deeptopics:themeaningoflife,andwhatfollowsdeath.”可知，作者与汤姆之间谈论了一些人生问题，他们之间已经产生了友谊。故选A项。21．A.sorted B．shiftedC．avoided D．discussed解析：选D根据前文可知，因为作者和汤姆之间的信任有了增长，也建立了友谊，所以这些问题应该是作者与汤姆在一起讨论的。故选D项。22．A.peaceful B．considerateC．emotional D．embarrassed解析：选C根据后文“Ididn'twantourtimethereto________.”可知，作者不想离别的时刻这么快到来，所以当知道自己回程日期时，感到很情绪化。故选C项。23．A.last B．workC．matter D．end解析：选D根据下文“Wefeltwehadtomakethemostofthefinalfewdaysto...”可知，作者想珍惜剩下的时光，由此推断出作者不希望他们共处的时光就此结束，故选D项。24．A.lead B．plantC．cause D．own解析：选B根据下文“Sayinggoodbyetoeachotherwasa(n)________.”可知，作者要与汤姆分别了，所以此处应该是利用最后的几天来将回忆植根于脑海。故选B项。25．A.option B．struggleC．honour D．routine解析：选B根据上文可知，作者不愿与汤姆分别，因此，说再见是一件难事。故选B项。26．A.leavingbehind B．pickingupC．appealingto D．takingin解析：选A根据下文“Ilookeddownathimasmyplanetookoff”可知，是作者先离开的，也就是说作者将和自己一起经历过这些事情的汤姆留在身后。故选A项。27．A.filmed B．frozenC．mentioned D．forgotten解析：选B根据文章大意可知，作者离开了和自己经历过危险的伙伴，但这些经历都永远凝固在时间里了。故选B项。课时作业(二)主题表达升格训练(限时40分钟)Ⅰ.根据要求完成下列句子1．(完成句子)Neverbeforehaveweexperiencedsuchadifficulttime,neither/nor_have_they(他们也没有)．2．(完成句子)Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,causing/doing_serious_harm_to_our_life_and_the_environment(对我们的生活和环境造成严重的损害)．3．(完成句子)It_turned_out_that(结果是)wehadagoodharvest.4．(完成句子)On_behalf_of_my_whole_family(代表我全家),I'dliketoextendmysinceregratitudeforyourhelp.5．(完成句子)Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustosurviveis_to_live_in_harmony_with_nature(和自然和谐相处)．6．(完成句子)Trapped_in_the_ruins(被困在废墟中),thegirlstillworeasmile,waitingtoberescued.7．(句型转换)Hetriedtobrakethecar,butitwasbeyondcontrol.→Hetriedtobrakethecar，butitwasout_of_control.→Hetriedtobrakethecar，buthelost_control_ofit.8．(一句多译)多亏她的指导，我才取得了巨大的进步。①Thanks_to_her_guidance,_Imadegreatprogress.(thanksto)②Owing_to_her_guidance,_Imadegreatprogress.(owingto)③It_was_owing_to_her_guidance_thatImadegreatprogress.(强调句型)Ⅱ.语法填空Youmaythinkyoucannotlivethroughsummerwithoutairconditioners.ButinancientChina,handfanswerealmosttheonlyhelpforpeople__1__(drive)theheataway.Chinesepeoplestartedtousehandfansover2,000yearsago.Thefanscame__2__differentshapes,suchasroundandsquareandtheyweremadefromvariousmaterials.Palmleaffanswerecheapandeasytomake.Featherfansshowedtheowner'shighstatus.Sandalwoodfans__3__(send)outafragrantsmell.__4__(late),handfansbecamemorethansomething__5__couldcoolyoudown.Theydevelopedintoartworks,inwhichtuanshanandzheshanwerethemostcommon.Shapedlike__6__fullmoon,tuanshanwasusuallymadeofsilk.Theyhadbeautifulembroidery(刺绣)featuringbirdsandflowersonthem.Females,especially__7__(woman)intheroyalpalace,likedtousethem.PoetsinancientChinaoftencomparedawoman'sabandonedfatetotuanshan.ApoetwroteduringtheQingDynasty,“Ifonlylifewereas__8__(beauty)aswhenwefirstmet,whyshouldtheautumnwindbothertopitydesertedpaintedfans？”Meanwhile,men,especiallytheliterati(文人),usedzheshan.Theliteratilikedthembecausetheycouldpaintandwritepoemsonthem.__9__wasawayforthemtoshowofftheirtalentinliterature,paintingandcalligraphy.Almostanythingcould__10__(paint)onzheshan,butthemostpopularonesusuallyfeaturedlandscapes.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍手工扇子的作用、种类和特点等。1．todrive考查不定式。分析句子可知，设空处为非谓语动词，在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。2．in考查介词。分析句子可知，设空处为介词，意为“以……方式”，故填in。3．sent考查动词时态。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语动词