新概念英语二册超详讲义笔记Lesson80TheCrystalPalace水晶宫

Lesson80TheCrystalPalace水晶宫【Newwordsandexpressions】（10）palace n.宫殿extraordinary adj.不平常的，非凡的exhibition n.展览iron n.铁various adj.各种各样的machinery n.机器display n.展览steam n.蒸汽profit n.利润college n.学院★palace n.宫殿宫殿eg.theSummerPalace颐和园BuckinghamPalace白金汉宫（英国）(尤指欧洲大陆）华丽的大厦eg.ThenoblesofFlorencebuiltsplendidpalaces.佛罗伦萨的贵州们建造了华丽的宫殿。Hishomeisapalaceparedtoourlittlehouse.和我们的小房子比起来，他的家就是宫殿。★extraordinary adj.不平常的，非凡的非常的，非凡的eg.agirlofextraordinarybeauty美丽非凡的女孩奇特的eg.Whatanextraordinaryhat!多奇特的帽子啊！临时的eg.ThemitteemeetsregularlyonFridays,buttherewillbeanextraordinarymeetingnextWednesday.委员会在每周五定期碰面，但下周五会有个临时会议。extraordinarilyadv.奇特地，非凡地extra+ordinaryextraadj.额外的，附加的eg.extrapayforextrawork多劳多得（extra+adj.描述事物性质或特征在程度上大大超过原词所描述的）extrathin格外瘦extralarge格外大extraspecial格外特别extrabright格外聪明ordinaryadj.平常的，普通的，通常的=normal=usualeg.anordinaryday平常的一天ordinarypeoplelikeyouandme你我之类的老百姓★exhibition n.展览展览eg.onexhibition在展出，在展览Someofthechildren’spaintingsarenowonexhibitionattheschool.孩子们的一些画正在学校展出。展览会eg.aninternationaltradeexhibition国际贸易展览会makeanexhibitionofoneself当众出丑，出洋相Getupoffthefloorandstopmakingsuchanexhibitionofyourself.从地上爬起来，别再当众出丑了。exhibitn.(尤指博物馆里的)展品eg.Don’ttouchtheexhibits.apricelessexhibit一件极贵重的陈列品v.展览（某类型物品）eg.toexhibitpaintings展览绘画作品toexhibitflowers展出花卉toexhibitnewcars展出新车★iron n.铁铁eg.Strikewhiletheiron’shot.趁热打铁。IronandBlood.铁血政策。（喻指“残暴的政治手段”。）熨斗坚忍不拔之毅力eg.anironwill坚强的意志have(several)ironsinthefire同时进行数种不同的事情amanofiron铁汉awomanofiron铁女人★various adj.各种各样的各式各样的eg.Ofallthevariouswaysofcookinganegg,Ilikeboilingbest.在各种烹饪鸡蛋方法中，我最喜欢煮鸡蛋。forvariousreasons由于种种原因manyandvarious五花八门许多eg.Variouspeopleamongthosepresentthoughttheyhadheardtheaircraft.在场的人中许多人认为他们听到飞机的声音了。variouslyadv.各种各样地varietyn.变化，多样性eg.Shedidn’tlikethework,becauseitlackedvariety.种种eg.Everyonearrivedlateatthepartyforavarietyofreasons.每一个在聚会上迟到的人都有种种原因。varietymeat(美语，委婉）（指牲畜的心、头、脑等部分）杂肉varietyshow综艺节目varietystore杂货铺(美）★machinery n.机器(械)[u](集合称)agreatdealofmachinery许多机器asewingmachine缝纫机amachinetool机床，工作母机★display n.展览n.陈列，展示eg.beondisplay在展览Manypricelessphotographsareondisplay.许多珍贵照片在展出。adisplayofskill技术表演adisplayoffruit陈列的水果adisplayofmilitarymight军事力量的展示v.陈列，展示，表露=showeg.todisplayfruitinashop在店里摆水果todisplayone’struefeelings流露出真实感情todisplayone’swealth炫耀财富todisplaygoodsforsale陈列商品displayone’signorance显示出无知★steam n.蒸汽[u]煮沸时所冒出的蒸汽，水气eg.asteamengine蒸汽机steamboat汽艇；汽船=steamedbread馒头steamiron蒸汽熨斗steamer蒸锅(水冷却时所形成的)露，水气eg.Steamformedontheinsideofthekitchenwindows.凝结在厨房窗户上的水气。短语：letoffsteam消除心中的闷气=workoffsteameg.Iwassoangry.Iworkedoffsteambytakingalongwalk.我很气愤，我走了好久的路来消除心中的闷气。fullsteamahead全速前进getupsteam开始发动，开火起动underone’ssteam凭自己的力量或努力=underitsownsteam★profitn.利润利润eg.Hesoldhishouseataprofit;hemadeaprofitof1000&onthesale.他卖房子赚了钱，在这笔生意上他赚了1千英镑。There’sverylittleprofitinsellinglandatpresent.现在卖地利润很薄。(正式)利益eg.Theyareonlyinterestedinaquickprofit.他们急功近利。profitlessadj.无利益可言的eg.Itwouldbeprofitlesstodosuchafoolishthing.做这种愚蠢的事情是无利可言的。profitableadj.有用的，有利益的eg.Shespentaprofitabledaycleaningthehousethoroughly.她善用这一天，彻底地清扫了房子。短语：aclearprofit净利agrossprofit毛利★college n.学院大学内的学院eg.universityn.(综合性的)大学（美国）大学collegiateadj.学院的，大学生的【Text】PerhapsthemostextraordinarybuildingofthenineteenthcenturywastheCrystalPalace,whichwasbuiltinHydeParkfortheGreatExhibitionof1851.TheCrystalPalacewasdifferentfromallotherbuildingsintheworld,foritwasmadeofironandglass.Itwasoneofthebiggestbuildingsofalltimeandalotofpeoplefrommanycountriescametoseeit.Agreatmanygoodsweresenttotheexhibitionfromvariouspartsoftheworld.Therewasalsoagreatdealofmachineryondisplay.ThemostwonderfulpieceofmachineryonshowwasNasmyth'ssteamhammer.Thoughinthosedays,travelingwasnotaseasyasitistoday,steamboatscarriedthousandsofvisitorsacrosstheChannelfromEurope.OnarrivinginEngland,theyweretakentotheCrystalPalacebytrain.Thereweresixmillionvisitorsinall,andtheprofitsfromtheexhibitionwereusedtobuildmuseumsandcolleges.Later,theCrystalPalacewasmovedtoSouthLondon.Itremainedoneofthemostfamousbuildingsintheworlduntilitwasburntdownin1936.参考译文19世纪最不寻常的建筑也许要数水晶宫了，它是为1851年的“世界博览会”而建在海德公园的。这座水晶宫不同于世界上所有的其他建筑，因为它是用钢和玻璃建成的。它是有史以来最高大的建筑物之一，因此，人们从各个国家纷纷前来参观。大量的商品从世界各地运送到了博览会，参展的还有很多机器，其中最奇妙的是内史密斯的蒸汽锤。尽管在当时旅行不像现在这么容易，但汽船还是把成千上万的参观者从欧洲大陆送过了英吉利海峡。一到英国，火车就把他们送到了水晶宫。参观的人数总共是600万。博览会的赢利用来建造博物馆和高等学校。后来，“水晶宫”被移到了伦敦南部。在1936年被焚毁之前，它一直是世界上最著名的建筑物之一。【课文讲解】PerhapsthemostextraordinarybuildingofthenineteenthcenturywastheCrystalPalace,whichwasbuiltinHydeParkfortheGreatExhibitionof1851.whichwasbuiltinHydePark中which引导非限定性定语从句，对所修饰的词作进一步说明。（非限定性定语从句，前面用逗号隔开，在修饰物时用which,修饰人时用who,whom或whose,不用that。）eg.Shehadeightchildren,threeofwhomlivedtogrowup.她有8个孩子，3个已经长大成人了。Oneherdsman,wholooksafter800sheepatmost,earnsabout690yuanayear.一个照料800只羊的牧羊人每年大概赚690元。（非限定性定语从句也可由where或when引导）eg.Intheolddays,whenIwasalittleboy,thecityhadnoindustrytospeakof.在旧社会，当我还小的时候，这个城市根本没工业可言。TheywillflytoKunming,wheretheyplantostayfortwoorthreedays,andthengoontoGuilin.他们将飞往昆明，计划待2、3天，然后飞往桂林。theGreatExhibition世界博览会2、TheCrystalPalacewasdifferentfromallotherbuildingsintheworld,foritwasmadeofironandglass.bedifferentfrom…与……不同bemadeof…用…制造（指原材料没有发生化学上的变化）bemadefrom…用…制造（造出的成品跟原材料不同）bemadein+时间/地点eg.Breadismadefromwheat.面包是由小麦制成的。3、Itwasoneofthebiggestbuildingsofalltimeandalotofpeoplefrommanycountriescametoseeit.“oneof=最高级+复数名词”结构的语气比直接用形容词最高级+名词结构要缓和些，不那么绝对。ofalltime空前的，有史以来（常与形容词的最高级连用，表示范围）4、Agreatmanygoodsweresenttotheexhibitionfromvariouspartsoftheworld.agreatmany大量的=agoodmanygoods[c]=modity[c]=merchandise[u]variouspartsoftheworld世界不同国家allpartsoftheworld世界各地allovertheworld遍布世界5、Therewasalsoagreatdealofmachineryondisplay.therebe结构agreatdealof+[u]许多，大量machinery[u]n.机器，机械装置（集合名词，与单数动词搭配）某个具体的机器可用machine或者apieceofmachinery来表示：ondisplay=onshow展出，陈列有关介词on的短语：eg.HehasgonetoFrankfurtonbusiness.他去法兰克福出差了。出差Ididn’tcatchthebus.Icamehereonfoot.我没赶上公车，我走着来的。步行Iaskedtoseetheofficeronduty.我看见官员在值班。值班Onthewhole(=allinall),ithasbeenaverysuccessfulyear.总的来说，这是成功的一年。Lookatthatsmoke.Thatbuildingmustbeonfire.看那个烟。那幢大楼一定着火了。Idon’tthinkitwasanaccident.Hediditonpurpose.我不认为那是个事故。他是故意的。Ontheaverage,Imadesixtelephonecallsaday.我平均每天打6个。Youmustn’tonanyaccountsignthecontractbeforeyoureadit.(not…onanyaccount绝不可以，切莫）绝不可以在读完合同前签字。IknowIhadagreedtoletyougotothecinema,butonsecondthoughts,youshouldstayathomeandfinishyourhomework.我知道我曾答应让你去看电影，但经过重新考虑，你应该呆在家里把作业写完。6、ThemostwonderfulpieceofmachineryonshowwasNasmyth'ssteamhammer.themostwonderful最奇妙的（最高级）7、Thoughinthosedays,travelingwasnotaseasyasitistoday,steamboatscarriedthousandsofvisitorsacrosstheChannelfromEurope.notaseasyasitistoday不像今天这么容易thousandsof成千上万hundredsof成百上千millionsof数以百万计8、OnarrivinginEngland,theyweretakentotheCrystalPalacebytrain.on+v.ing一…就（前后主语必须一致）eg.Onhearingthenews,weburstintocheers.一听到这个消息，我们就欢呼起来。take…to送去bring…from带来fetch去取（双向动作）9、Thereweresixmillionvisitorsinall,andtheprofitsfromtheexhibitionwereusedtobuildmuseumsandcolleges.inall总共，合计allinall从各方面来考虑，从各方面来说allornothing(指行动过程）需要竭尽全力atall根本，丝毫notatall根本不one’sall自己所有的一切，生命10、Later,theCrystalPalacewasmovedtoSouthLondon.movefrom…to…搬迁，迁徙eg.TheymovedfromTaiantoNanjing.他们从泰安搬到了南京。We’regoingtomovetoahouseinthesuburbs.我们准备搬到郊区的一栋房子。movev.使（某人）感动，使动心eg.Hisperformanceofthepianomovedusgreatly.他的钢琴表演深深感动了我们。11、Itremainedoneofthemostfamousbuildingsintheworlduntilitwasburntdownin1936.themostfamous最著名的（最高级）remain在这里为系动词，表示“保持不变，仍然”（后面可跟形容词、名词、动名词等）eg.Heremainedsilent.他保持沉默。burnsth.down（将某物）焚为平地，烧得精光eg.Thehouseburntdowninhalfanhour.半小时之内房子烧毁了。【KeyStructures】形容词和副词的比较级和最高级比较级：+er/more+adj./adv.最高级：+est/(the)most+adj./adv.【SpecialDifficulties】带on的短语：ondisplay/show展出，陈列Thisisthebestdressondisplay/show.这是展出的最好的衣服。onbusiness因公（与forpleasure相对）LastmonthhewenttoNewYorkonbusinessandhadlittletimetovisitfriends.onfoot步行（与bybus，bycar，byair等相对）Iusuallygotoworkbycar,butthismorningIwentonfoot.onduty值班，值班的ItwasSundayandtherewasonlyonedoctoronduty.onthewhole总的看来，总的来说，大体上Onthewhole,heisahardworkingstudent.onfire起火，着火Soonthewholebuildingwasonfire.onpurpose故意地，有意地，特意地（与bychance相对）Theyhaveehereonpurposetoseeyou.Shebrokethevaseonpurpose.ontheaverage平均，通常Ontheaverage,heworksmorethantenhoursaday.onanyaccount无论如何，不管怎么说（通常用否定句）Donotinterrup