ANSI B92.1-1970(R1993) SAE美国渐开线花键-中文翻译完整版0429

./翻译：朱晓峰节选至《美国机械工程师手册》第28版,有错之处,请指正。SPLINESANDSERRATIONSAsplinedshaftisonehavingaseriesofparallelkeysformedintegrallywiththeshaftandmatingwithcorrespondinggroovescutinahuborfitting;thisarrangementisincontrasttoashafthavingaseriesofkeysorfeathersfittedintoslotscutintotheshaft.Thelatterconstructionweakenstheshafttoaconsiderabledegreebecauseoftheslotscutintoitandconsequently,reducesitstorque-transmittingcapacity.花键轴是一种具有"一系列相互平行的齿、并且齿与轴整体成型"的轴,它与在轮毂上或者装配体上开的键槽相配合。这种装置与"在轴上开槽并且与一组销子或者楔键相配合"的结构相反。后者的结构由于在轴上开槽大大降低了轴〔的强度,降低了传递扭矩的能力。Splinedshaftsaremostgenerallyusedinthreetypesofapplications:1>forcouplingshaftswhenrelativelyheavytorquesaretobetransmittedwithoutslippage;2>fortransmittingpowertoslidably-mountedorpermanently-fixedgears,pulleys,andotherrotatingmembers;and3>forattachingpartsthatmayrequireremovalforindexingorchangeinangularposition.花键轴主要用在以下三种情况：1需要在无滑动的联轴器上传递大的扭矩；2用于向"可滑动的装配组件"或者"固定装配的齿轮组或滑轮副"传递动力,3用于"要求指定滑移量或转角位置"的配件上。译注A1："slidably-mounted"例如球笼式等速万向节,万向节同时能转动一定角度；"ermanently-fixedgears"例如齿轮变速箱。〔凡是带"译注"的,表示译者的理解,下同Splineshavingstraight-sidedteethhavebeenusedinmanyapplications<seeSAEParallelSideSplinesforSoftBroachedHolesinFittings>;however,theuseofsplineswithteethofinvoluteprofilehassteadilyincreasedsince1>involutesplinecouplingshavegreatertorque-transmittingcapacitythananyothertype;2>theycanbeproducedbythesametechniquesandequipmentasisusedtocutgears;and3>theyhaveaself-centeringactionunderloadevenwhenthereisbacklashbetweenmatingmembers.具有"直边式齿形"的花键已经适用于多种场合〔请查看"用于软拉削加工成型的直边式花键"；然而,"齿侧具有渐开线形状的花键"的使用正在逐步的增长,原因如下：1渐开线花键传递扭矩的性能超过其他形式；2可用加工齿轮的技术或设备来加工；3在齿和外齿配合情况下产生的反作用力具有自定心功能。译注A2："ParallelSideSplines"指的是矩形花键,文中翻译成"直边式花键",见《GB/T1144矩形花键尺寸、公差和检验》；译注A3："SAEParallelSideSplinesforSoftBroachedHolesinFittings"指SAEJ499A,一种类似GB/T1144的标准。InvoluteSplinesAmericanNationalStandardInvoluteSplines*.—Thesesplinesormultiplekeysaresimilarinformtointernalandexternalinvolutegears.Thegeneralpracticeistoformtheexternalsplineseitherbyhobbing,rolling,oronagearshaper,andinternalsplineseitherbybroachingoronagearshaper.Theinternalsplineisheldtobasicdimensionsandtheexternalsplineisvariedtocontrolthefit.Involutesplineshavemaximumstrengthatthebase,canbeaccuratelyspacedandareself-centering,thusequalizingthebearingandstresses,andtheycanbemeasuredandfittedaccurately.美国渐开线标准：这种花键的成型和齿轮的外花键类似。通常的成型加工方法是外花键用滚铣刀、搓齿或插齿刀,花键用拉削、齿轮插齿刀。花键的尺寸是固定的,外花键根据不同的配合采用不同的尺寸。渐开线花键在近跟处有最大的强度,〔键齿能精确分布和自定心,这样就有相同的支撑力和应力,同时能准确地配合和测量。译注A4：花键尺寸不变,外花键变,原理等同于基孔制。InAmericanNationalStandardANSIB92.1-1970<R1993>,manyfeaturesofthe1960standardareretained;plustheadditionofthreetoleranceclasses,foratotaloffour.Theterm"involuteserration,"formerlyappliedtoinvolutesplineswith45-degreepressureangle,hasbeendeletedandthestandardnowincludesinvolutesplineswith30-,37.5-,and45-degreepressureangles.Tablesforthesesplineshavebeenrearrangedaccordingly.Theterm"serration"willnolongerapplytosplinescoveredbythisStandard.在美国渐开线标准ANSIB92.1-1970<R1993>中,保留了许多1960版本的特征；增加了三种公差等级,现一共有四种公差等级。前版中45度压力角使用的术语"渐开线锯齿involuteserration",本版本已经删除。现在版本包含了30度、37.5度和40度压力角的渐开线花键。相对应的表格也做了更新。术语"involuteserration"不再适用本标准。TheStandardhasonlyonefitclassforallsidefitsplines;theformerClass2fit.Class1fithasbeendeletedbecauseofitsinfrequentuse.Themajordiameteroftheflatrootsidefitsplinehasbeenchangedandatoleranceappliedtoincludetherangeofthe1950andthe1960standards.Theinterchangeabilitylimitationswithsplinesmadetopreviousstandardsaregivenlaterinthesectionentitled"Interchangeability."本标准中只有一种齿侧配合情况:第二种情况。在旧标准中的第一种情况由于不太使用已经被删除。平齿根齿侧配合中的大径已经有所变化,并且应用了包含1950和1960版本围的公差。旧版本的花键术语"interchangeabilitylimitations"已经被新版本的"Interchangeability"代替。译注A5：旧版中的配合第一种情况是"较松配合",第二种情况是"较紧配合"。参数是Cvmin,较松配合的Cvmin的值见旧版,这里不讨论,较紧配合的Cvmin=0。原来"最大实际弧齿槽宽"的计算公式为：Smax=Smin+Cvmin+m+λ〔具体参数意思看后面章节,删除第一种情况后Smax=Smin+m+λ。Therehavebeennotolerancenorfitchangestothemajordiameterfitsection外径配合部分,〔与旧版相比公差和配合情况没有改变。TheStandardrecognizesthefactthatproperassemblybetweenmatingsplinesisdependentonlyonthesplinebeingwithineffectivespecificationsfromthetipofthetoothtotheformdiameter.Therefore,onsidefitsplines,theinternalsplinemajordiameternowisshownasamaximumdimensionandtheexternalsplineminordiameterisshownasaminimumdimension.Theminimuminternalmajordiameterandthemaximumexternalminordiametermustclearthespecifiedformdiameterandthusdonotneedanyadditionalcontrol.本标准认为影响花键合理装配的作用区域是从齿顶〔外花键大圆或花键小圆到"渐开线构成圆"之间的那段围,因此在齿侧配合情况下,花键大径以"最大尺寸值"出现,外花键小径以"最小尺寸值"出现。"花键大径的最小值"应大于"渐开线构成圆"的直径,"外花键小径的最大值"应小于"渐开线构成圆"的直径〔见后面"FormCircle"的定义。此外,没必要指定额外的控制条件〔见"译注B7"。Thesplinespecificationtablesnowincludeagreaternumberoftolerancelevelselections.Thesetoleranceclasseswereaddedforgreaterselectiontosuitendproductneeds.Theselectionsdifferonlyinthetoleranceasappliedtospacewidthandtooththickness.花键的规格表中,提供了多种公差水平的选择,以适应最终装配需求。选择不同的公差在"弧齿槽宽"和"弧齿厚"中应用。*SeeAmericanNationalStandardANSIB92.2M-1980<R1989>,MetricModuleInvoluteSplines;alsoseepage2177.见美国国家标准ANSIB92.2M-1980<R1989>公制模数渐开线花键,可也参见〔原版的第2177页。译注A6：渐开线花键〔也包括渐开线齿轮所定义的"齿宽"、"齿厚",都是指弧度方向上的长度。ThetoleranceclassusedinASAB5.15-1960isthebasisandisnowdesignatedastoleranceClass5.Thenewtoleranceclassesarebasedonthefollowingformulas:在ASAB5.15-1960中使用的基本公差,已经被本标准中公差等级5代替,各关系见下表：ToleranceClass4〔公差等级4=ToleranceClass5〔公差等级5×0.71ToleranceClass6〔公差等级6=ToleranceClass5〔公差等级5×1.40ToleranceClass7〔公差等级7=ToleranceClass5〔公差等级5×2.00Alldimensionslistedinthisstandardareforthefinishedpart.Therefore,anycompensationthatmustbemadeforoperationsthattakeplaceduringprocessing,suchasheattreatment,mustbetakenintoaccountwhenselectingthetolerancelevelformanufacturing.本标准罗列的所有尺寸为最终成品尺寸。因此,在加工过程中必须考虑修正系数,慎重选择加工的公差等级。Thestandardhasthesameinternalminimumeffectivespacewidthandexternalmaximumeffectivetooththicknessforalltoleranceclassesandhastwotypesoffit.Fortoothsidefits,theminimumeffectivespacewidthandthemaximumeffectivetooththicknessareofequalvalue.Thisbasicconceptmakesitpossibletohaveinterchangeableassemblybetweenmatingsplineswheretheyaremadetothisstandardregardlessofthetoleranceclassoftheindividualmembers.Atoleranceclass"mix"ofmatingmembersisthusallowed,whichoftenisanadvantagewhereonememberisconsiderablylessdifficulttoproducethanitsmate,andthe"average"toleranceappliedtothetwounitsissuchthatitsatisfiesthedesignneed.Forinstance,assigningaClass5tolerancetoonememberandClass7toitsmatewillprovideanassemblytoleranceintheClass6range.Themaximumeffectivetooththicknessislessthantheminimumeffectivespacewidthformajordiameterfitstoallowforeccentricityvariations.本标准中,所有公差等级的"花键最小作用弧齿槽宽"和"外花键最大作用弧齿厚"的值是相同的,并且有两种配合类型。齿侧配合类,"花键最小作用弧齿槽宽"和"外花键最大作用弧齿厚"的值相等。这一理念使得根据本标准制造的各种公差等级的单个花键能够互配。一个"混合"公差等级的配合是允许的,这样的优点是在于,一个配合零件的制造难度更小于与它相配的另一个零件。并且,"平均"的公差,也是设计需要。例如,将一个5级和7级公差的零件配合,可以得到一个围为6级公差的配合。外径配合类,"外花键最大作用弧齿厚"比"花键最小作用弧齿槽宽"要小,这种配合适用〔装配后的偏心情况。译注A7："两种配合类型"指的是"齿侧配合"和"外径配合"。〔也有的参考翻译成"齿形定心"和"大径定心"Intheeventthefitasprovidedinthisstandarddoesnotsatisfyaparticulardesignneedandaspecificamountofeffectiveclearanceorpressfitisdesired,thechangeshouldbemadeonlytotheexternalsplinebyareductionoranincreaseineffectivetooththicknessandalikechangeinactualtooththickness.Theminimumeffectivespacewidth,inthisstandard,isalwaysbasic.Thebasicminimumeffectivespacewidthshouldalwaysberetainedwhenspecialdesignsarederivedfromtheconceptofthisstandard.如果本标准规定的配合不能满足特殊的作用侧隙或压力配合的设计需要,设计更改应只改变〔减少或增加"外花键的作用弧齿厚"或"实际弧齿厚"。本标准的理念就是"花键最小作用弧齿槽宽"是基本值〔不变的。TermsAppliedtoInvoluteSplines.—Thefollowingdefinitionsofinvolutesplineterms,herelistedinalphabeticalorder,aregivenintheAmericanNationalStandard.SomeofthesetermsareillustratedinthediagraminTable6.渐开线花键术语—下列美国国家标准中规定的渐开线花键术语按字母顺序排列,部分术语可参见表6中的图形。ActiveSplineLength<La>isthelengthofsplinethatcontactsthematingspline.Onslidingsplines,itexceedsthelengthofengagement.有效花键长度：花键配合部分的长度。滑动情况下,这个长度长于配合的部分。ActualSpaceWidth<s>isthecircularwidthonthepitchcircleofanysinglespaceconsideringaninfinitelythinincrementofaxialsplinelength.实际弧齿槽宽：在花键节圆〔分度圆上,各齿槽间的弧长度。译注B1："infinitelythinincrement"表示将圆弧进行无限的分割〔使之成为直线,微积分概念。ActualToothThickness<t>isthecircularthicknessonthepitchcircleofanysingletoothconsideringaninfinitelythinincrementofaxialsplinelength.实际弧齿厚：在外花键节圆〔分度圆上,各齿上的弧长度。AlignmentVariationisthevariationoftheeffectivesplineaxiswithrespecttothereferenceaxis<seeFig.1c>.同心度偏差：实际花键轴心和参考轴心之间的偏差。〔见图1c译注B2：本译文中的"Variation"翻译为"偏差","Tolerance"翻译为"公差"。因为按照字面理解,"Variation"指的是实际与理论的相差状态,"Tolerance"指的是相差的具体数值和围。BaseCircleisthecirclefromwhichinvolutesplinetoothprofilesareconstructed.基圆：渐开线齿形开始形成处的假象圆。BaseDiameter<Db>isthediameterofthebasecircle.基圆直径：基圆所在处的直径。BasicSpaceWidthisthebasicspacewidthfor30-degreepressureanglesplines;halfthecircularpitch.Thebasicspacewidthfor37.5-and45-degreepressureanglesplines,however,isgreaterthanhalfthecircularpitch.Theteethareproportionedsothattheexternaltooth,atitsbase,hasaboutthesamethicknessastheinternaltoothattheformdiameter.Thisproportioningresultsingreaterminordiametersthanthoseofcomparableinvolutesplinesof30-degreepressureangle.基本弧齿槽宽：压力角30度下,为周节的一半。压力角37.5度和45度下,要大于周节的一半。这样,在基圆处的外花键弧齿厚和在"花键渐开线构成圆的弧齿厚"是相等的。这种比例引起了"压力角37.5度和45度的小径"要大于"压力角30度"的小径。CircularPitch<p>isthedistancealongthepitchcirclebetweencorrespondingpointsofadjacentsplineteeth.周节：节圆〔分度圆上相邻同侧齿形之间的弧长。DepthofEngagementistheradialdistancefromtheminorcircleoftheinternalsplinetothemajorcircleoftheexternalspline,minuscornerclearanceand/orchamferdepth.啮合深度：从花键小径到外花键大径之间的,并减去"conrnerclearance拐角裕度"和〔或倒角的径向距离。译注B3：conrnerclearance,见图2.DiametralPitch<P>isthenumberofsplineteethperinchofpitchdiameter.Thediametralpitchdeterminesthecircularpitchandthebasicspacewidthortooththickness.Incon-junctionwiththenumberofteeth,italsodeterminesthepitchdiameter.<SeealsoPitch.>径节：在节圆上,每英寸的花键齿数。他决定了周节和基本弧齿槽宽或弧齿厚。它和齿数共同确定了节圆直径。EffectiveClearance<cv>istheeffectivespacewidthoftheinternalsplineminustheeffectivetooththicknessofthematingexternalspline.作用侧隙：花键作用弧齿槽宽减去与之相配的花键作用弧齿厚。〔正值为间隙,负值为过盈EffectiveSpaceWidth<Sv>ofaninternalsplineisequaltothecirculartooththicknessonthepitchcircleofanimaginaryperfectexternalsplinethatwouldfittheinternalsplinewithoutloosenessorinterferenceconsideringengagementoftheentireaxiallengthofthespline.Theminimumeffectivespacewidthoftheinternalsplineisalwaysbasic,asshowninTable3.Fitvariationsmaybeobtainedbyadjustingthetooththicknessoftheexternalspline.作用弧齿槽宽<Sv>：数值等于一与之在全齿长上配合〔无间隙且无过盈的"理想全齿外花键节圆弧齿厚"的弧齿槽宽。"花键最小作用弧齿槽宽"是基本值,其值在表3中列出。用改变外花键的弧齿厚来获得各种不同的配合。译注B4：EffectiveSpaceWidth<Sv>,国标《GB/T3478.1-2008圆柱直齿渐开线花键》〔以下简称《GB3478.1》中的缩写为Ev。ThreeTypesofInvoluteSplineVariations三种渐开线花键偏差CenterLinesofTeeth齿中心线ReferenceAxis8参考轴图1a.LeadVariation〔齿向偏差CenterLinesofTeeth齿中心线ReferenceAxis参考轴图1b.ParallelismVariation〔平行度偏差EffectiveSplineAxis齿中心线ReferenceAxis参考轴图1c.AlignmentVariation〔同轴度偏差EffectiveToothThickness<tv>ofanexternalsplineisequaltothecircularspacewidthonthepitchcircleofanimaginaryperfectinternalsplinethatwouldfittheexternalsplinewithoutloosenessorinterference,consideringengagementoftheentireaxiallengthofthespline.作用弧齿厚<tv>：数值等于一与之在全齿长上配合〔无间隙且无过盈的"理想全齿外花键节圆弧齿厚"的弧齿槽宽。译注B5：EffectiveToothThickness<tv>,国标《GB3478.1》中的缩写为Sv。EffectiveVariationistheaccumulatedeffectofthesplinevariationsonthefitwiththematingpart.作用偏差：配合渐开线花键上的各种偏差的累积。ExternalSplineisasplineformedontheoutersurfaceofacylinder.外花键：在圆柱外表面形成的花键。Filletistheconcaveportionofthetoothprofilethatjoinsthesidestothebottomofthespace.齿根圆弧：联结齿形处和底部〔小圆的凹处部分。FilletRootSplinesarethoseinwhichasinglefilletinthegeneralformofanarcjoinsthesidesofadjacentteeth.圆齿根花键：两侧渐开线齿形由一段或近似一段过渡曲线与底部〔小圆相连的花键。FlatRootSplinesarethoseinwhichfilletsjointhearcsofmajororminorcirclestothetoothsides.平齿根花键：两侧渐开线齿形各由一段过渡曲线与齿根圆相连接的花键。FormCircleisthecirclewhichdefinesthedeepestpointsofinvoluteformcontrolofthetoothprofile.Thiscirclealongwiththetoothtipcircle<orstartofchamfercircle>determinesthelimitsoftoothprofilerequiringcontrol.Itislocatednearthemajorcircleontheinternalsplineandneartheminorcircleontheexternalspline.渐开线构成圆：渐开线构成圆是用于控制齿廓上渐开线的极限距离的圆。渐开线构成圆与齿顶圆〔或者倒角线的起点所在的圆共同构成了"所要求的渐开线齿廓"的围。渐开线构成圆的位置靠近花键的大圆〔齿根圆或者外花键的小圆〔齿根圆。译注B6：在《GB/T3478.1-2008》中,将FormCycle定义为两个圆：键的渐开线终止圆〔花键用和渐开线起始圆〔外花键用。而在本标准中,将这两个圆统称为FormCycle,译者将FormCycle翻译为渐开线构成圆。〔这个圆与另外一个圆,构成了渐开线使用的围。具体看《GB3478.1》中,表1序号17-20和图1渐开线花键联结。译注B7：定义FormCircle〔渐开线构成圆的原因是：在渐开线构成圆与齿顶圆〔或者倒角线的起点所在的圆之间的花键的齿形必须为渐开线齿形,其余部分不一定按照渐开线成形。译注B8：句中chamfer,并不是指真正的倒角,而是一种平滑的过渡线。〔渐开线和大径或小径的过渡线译注B9：这个围是一个直径的围。也就是从直径A开始到直径B为止,这中间的齿廓必须为渐开线。FormClearance<cF>istheradialdepthofinvoluteprofilebeyondthedepthofengagementwiththematingpart.Itallowsforloosenessbetweenmatingsplinesandforeccentricitiesbetweentheminorcircle<internal>,themajorcircle<external>,andtheirrespectivepitchcircles.齿形裕度：齿形裕度<cF>是相互配合的、外花键的渐开线齿廓超过结合部分的径向距离。〔定义齿形裕度的原因是它允许相互配合的、外花键之间存在一定间隙,而且小径〔花键、大圆〔外花键、以及、外花键各自的节圆之间存在一定的偏心距。译注B10：关于cF请看《GB3478.1》中,图1渐开线花键联结cF,或者本标准表6,图中cF。FormDiameter<DFe,DFi>thediameteroftheformcircle.渐开线构成圆直径〔DFe,DFi：渐开线构成圆所在圆的直径。〔见译注B4和表6中的图InternalSplineisasplineformedontheinnersurfaceofacylinder.花键：在圆柱体的孔的表面形成的花键。InvoluteSplineisonehavingteethwithinvoluteprofiles.渐开线花键：花键的齿形为渐开线形式的花键。LeadVariationisthevariationofthedirectionofthesplinetoothfromitsintendeddirectionparalleltothereferenceaxis,alsoincludingparallelismandalignmentvariations<seeFig.1a>.Note:Straight<nonhelical>splineshaveaninfinitelead.齿向偏差：花键的键齿的实际齿线与花键的参考轴线之间的平行度偏差的最大绝对值。它包括平行度偏差〔见图1b和同轴度偏差〔见图1a。注意：直齿花键〔非螺旋花键的齿向偏差为无限长。译注B11：在《ISO4156Straightcylindricalinvolutesplines—Metricmodule,sidefit》中,"Leadvariation"定义为"Helixdeviation"。国标《GB3478.1》定义为"齿向公差"。本人认为《ISO4156》中的定义和图形更详细和易于理解。根据《ISO4156》中定义,"Formdeviation"<综合形状偏差>,包括了三种：Profiledeviation、Indexdeviation和helixdeviation。"Formdeviation"的值即为《GB3478.1》中的"Deviationallowance〔λ"。λ=〔TotalProfiledeviation+TotalIndexdeviation+TotalhelixdeviationLengthofEngagement<Lq>istheaxiallengthofcontactbetweenmatingsplines.配合长度〔Lq：配合长度是配合花键接触段轴向的长度。MachiningTolerance<m>isthepermissiblevariationinactualspacewidthoractualtooththickness.加工公差〔m：加工公差是花键的实际弧齿槽宽和实际弧齿厚的允许的变动量。译注B12：在《GB3478.1》中,加工公差代号为T。MajorCircleisthecircleformedbytheoutermostsurfaceofthespline.Itistheoutsidecircle<toothtipcircle>oftheexternalsplineortherootcircleoftheinternalspline.大圆：大圆是花键的最大齿形面的形成的圆。它是外花键的外圆〔齿顶圆,和花键的齿根圆。MajorDiameter<Do,Dri>isthediameterofthemajorcircle.大径：大圆直径〔Do,Dri是大圆所在圆的直径。MinorCircleisthecircleformedbytheinnermostsurfaceofthespline.Itistherootcircleoftheexternalsplineortheinsidecircle<toothtipcircle>oftheinternalspline.小圆：小圆是花键的最小齿形面的形成的圆。它是外花键的齿根圆,和花键的圆〔齿顶圆。MinorDiameter<Dre,Di>isthediameteroftheminorcircle.小圆直径：小圆直径〔Dre,Di是小圆所在圆的直径。NominalClearanceistheactualspacewidthofaninternalsplineminustheactualtooththicknessofthematingexternalspline.Itdoesnotdefinethefitbetweenmatingmembers,becauseoftheeffectofvariations.理论侧隙：理论侧隙是"花键的实际弧齿槽宽"减去与之相互配合的"外花键的实际弧齿厚"所得的值。由于〔、外花键的各种实际偏差,理论侧隙不能用于确定花键的配合情况。OutofRoundnessisthevariationofthesplinefromatruecircularconfiguration.圆度：圆度是花键与理论圆的轮廓之间的偏差。ParallelismVariationisthevariationofparallelismofasinglesplinetoothwithrespecttoanyothersinglesplinetooth<seeFig.1b>.平行度偏差：平行度偏差是单根键齿相对其它的单根键齿之间的平行偏差。〔见图1bPitch<P/Ps>isacombinationnumberofaone-to-tworatioindicatingthesplineproportions;theupperorfirstnumberisthediametralpitch,thelowerorsecondnumberisthestubpitchanddenotes,asthatfractionalpartofaninch,thebasicradiallengthofengagement,bothaboveandbelowthepitchcircle.径节〔分数制〔P/Ps：径节〔分数制是一个1比2组合分数,用于表示花键的比率。分数中第一个数〔分子表示的是花键的节圆径节,第二个数〔分母表示的是齿根径节,其中的分数用英寸表示,节圆径节表示的是在节圆上方的键齿在半径方向上的配合长度,齿根径节表示的是在节圆下方的键齿在半径方向上的配合长度。译注B13：可以理解为节圆将整个花键键齿一分为二,节圆上方的键齿的齿高为径节,节圆下方的键齿的齿高为齿根径节。在实际计算时要考虑到渐开线终止圆与修缘线所在圆对键齿有效结合齿高的影响,并将其扣除。PitchCircleisthereferencecirclefromwhichalltransversesplinetoothdimensionsareconstructed.节圆：节圆是一个参考圆,花键的所有横向尺寸都是以节圆为基础开始计算的。译注B14：米制叫分度圆。PitchDiameter<D>isthediameterofthepitchcircle节圆直径〔D：节圆直径是节圆所在圆的直径。.PitchPointistheintersectionofthesplinetoothprofilewiththepitchcircle.节点：节点是键齿的齿廓与节圆的交点。PressureAngle<Φ>istheanglebetweenalinetangenttoaninvoluteandaradiallinethroughthepointoftangency.Unlessotherwisespecified,itisthestandardpressureangle.压力角〔Φ：压力角是花键的渐开线齿廓的切线与通过切点的半径所组成的夹角。除非有特殊说明,压力角通常是指标准压力角。ProfileVariationisanyvariationfromthespecifiedtoothprofilenormaltotheflank.齿形偏差：垂直于侧面的、指定的齿廓〔与理论齿廓的所有公差。译注B15：见《GB3478.1-2008》表1中的"齿形公差"定义,本人认为国标从轮廓度检测方面加以解释,应更合理。Splineisamachineelementconsistingofintegralkeys<splineteeth>orkeyways<spaces>equallyspacedaroundacircleorportionthereof.花键：是一种机械零件,它由凸出的齿〔花键齿或凹下的沟〔槽组成,键齿和键槽等分一个完整的圆或圆上部分。Standard<Main>PressureAngle<ΦD>isthepressureangleatthespecifiedpitchdiameter.标准压力角〔ΦD〔主压力角：标准压力角是指特定在节圆上的压力角。StubPitch<Ps>isanumberusedtodenotetheradialdistancefromthepitchcircletothemajorcircleoftheexternalsplineandfromthepitchcircletotheminorcircleoftheinternalspline.Thestubpitchforsplinesinthisstandardistwicethediametralpitch.齿根径节〔Ps：齿根径节是一个数,它用于表示节圆与外花键的大圆或花键的小圆之间的半径差。在本标准中,花键的齿根径节是径节的2倍。TotalIndexVariationisthegreatestdifferenceinanytwoteeth<adjacentorotherwise>betweentheactualandtheperfectspacingofthetoothprofiles.齿距累计偏差：任意两个齿〔相邻齿或其他情况的实际齿廓与理论值之差的最大值。TotalTolerance<m+λ>isthemachiningtoleranceplusthevariationallowance.总公差〔m+λ：总公差是加工公差与综合公差之和。译注B16：在《GB3478.1》将总公差定义为：T+λ。VariationAllowance<λ>isthepermissibleeffectivevariation.综合公差〔λ：作用偏差<effectivevariation>的公差值允许围。ToothProportions.—Thereare17pitches:2.5/5,3/6,4/8,5/10,6/12,8/16,10/20,12/24,16/32,20/40,24/48,32/64,40/80,48/96,64/128,80/160,and128/256.Thenumeratorinthisfractionaldesignationisknownasthediametralpitchandcontrolsthepitchdiameter;thedenominator,whichisalwaysdoublethenumerator,isknownasthestubpitchandcontrolsthetoothdepth.Forconvenienceincalculation,onlythenumeratorisusedintheformulasgivenandisdesignatedasP.Diametralpitch,asingears,meansthenumberofteethperinchofpitchdiameter.齿比—共有17种齿比：2.5/5,3/6,4/8,5/10,6/12,8/16,10/20,12/24,16/32,20/40,24/48,32/64,40/80,48/96,64/128,80/160和128/256。在这一系列的分数中的分子是〔节圆径节,径节决定了节圆的直径；分数中的分母通常是分子的两倍,分母是齿根径节,齿根径节决定了齿高。为了方便计算,在公式中都使用分子作为计算参数,指定节圆直径,并且与齿轮的表示方式一样定义为径节P尺寸,也就是在节圆上,每英寸长度上的齿数。译注B17：设计了这17中之外的齿比,本人认为是不合理的。Table1showsthesymbolsandTable2theformulasforbasictoothdimensionsofinvolutesplineteethofvariouspitches.BasicdimensionsaregiveninTable3.表1列出了符号意思,表2列出了各种不同径节的花键公式。表3列出了基本值。Table1.AmericanNationalStandardInvoluteSplineSymbolsANSIB92.1-1970,R1993cveffectiveclearance作用侧隙Mimeasurementbetweenpins,internalsplinecFformclearance齿形裕度棒间距花键Dpitchdiameter节圆直径Nnumberofteeth齿数Dbbasediameter基圆直径Pdiametralpitch径节Dcipincontactdiameter,internalsplinePsstubpitch齿根径节针规触点直径,花键pcircularpitch周节Dcepincontactdiameter,externalsplinerffilletradius圆角半径针规触点直径,外花键sactualspacewidth,circular实际弧齿槽宽DFeformdiameter,externalspline渐开线起点直径〔外花键sveffectivespacewidth,circular作用弧齿槽宽DFiformdiameter,internalspline渐开线终点直径〔花键scallowablecompressivestress,psi允许压缩应力Diminordiameter,internalspline花键小径ssallowableshearstress,psi允许剪切应力Domajordiameter,externalspline外花键大径tactualtooththickness,circular实际弧齿厚Dreminordiameter,externalspline<root>tveffectivetooththickness,circular作用弧齿厚外花键小径λvariationallowance综合公差Drimajordiameter,internalspline<root>∈involuterollangle渐开线旋转角花键大径Φpressureangle压力角dediameterofmeasuringpinforexternalsplineΦDstandardpressureangle标准压力角外花键用测量针规直径Φcipressureangleatpincontactdiameter,internalsplinedidiameterofmeasuringpinforinternalspline花键针规触点压力角花键用测量针规直径Φcepressureangleatpincontactdiameter,externalsplineKechangefactorforexternalspline外花键变量〔见ISO4156-3外花键针规触点压力角Kichangefactorforinternalspline花键变量〔见ISO4156-3Φipressureangleatpincenter,internalsplineLsplinelength花键长度花键针规中心压力角Laactivesplinelength有效花键长度Φepressureangleatpincenter,externalsplineLglengthofengagement配合长度外花键针规中心压力角mmachiningtolerance加工公差ΦFpressureangleatformdiameterMemeasurementoverpins,external渐开线构成圆处压力角跨棒距外花键译注B18：PSI这里为应力单位,Pound-Per-SquareInch磅每平方英寸。.Table2.FormulasforInvoluteSplineBasicDimensionsANSIB92.1-1970,R199Term术语Symbol30degΦD37.5degΦD45degΦDFlatRootSideFit平齿根齿侧配合FlatRootMajorDiaFit平齿根外径配合FilletRootSideFit圆齿根齿侧配合FilletRootSideFit圆齿根齿侧配合FilletRootSideFit圆齿根齿侧配合2.5/5-32/64Pitch3/6-16/32Pitch2.5/5-48/96Pitch2.5/5-48-/96Pitch10/20–128/256PitchStubPitch齿根径节Ps2P2P2P2P2PPitchDiameter节圆直径DN/PN/PN/PN/PN/PBaseDiameter基圆直径DbDcosΦDDcosΦDDcosΦDDcosΦDDcosΦDCircularPitchpπ/Pπ/Pπ/Pπ/Pπ/PMinimumEffectiveSpaceWidth最小作用弧齿槽宽svπ/<2P>π/<2P>π/<2P><0.5π+0.1>/P<0.5π+0.2>/PMajorDiameter,Internal花键大径Dri<N+1.35>/P<N+1>/P<N+1.8>/P<N+1.6>/P<N+1.4>/PMajorDiameter,External外花键大径Do<N+1>/P<N+1>/P<N+1>/P<N+1>/P<N+1>/PMinorDiameter,Internal花键小径Di<N-1>/P<N-1>/P<N-1>/P<N-0.8>/P<N-0.6>/PMinorDia.Ext.外花键小径2.5/5thru12/24pitchDre<N-1.35>/P<N-1.35>/P<N-1.8>/P<N-1.3>/P…16/32pitchandfiner<N-1.35>/P<N-1.35>/P<N–2>/P<N-1.3>/P…10/20pitchandfiner<N-1.35>/P<N-1.35>/P…<N-1.3>/P<N-1>/PFormDiameter,Internal花键终止圆直径DFi<N+1>/P+2cF<N+0.8>/P–0.004+2cF<N+1>/P+2cF<N+1>/P+2cF<N+1>/P+2cFFormDiameter,External外花键起始圆直径DFe<N-1>/P–2cF<N-1>/P–2cF<N–1>/P–2cF<N-0.8>/P–2cF<N–0.6>/P–2cFFormClearance<Radial>齿形裕度cF0.001D,withmaxof0.010,minof0.002最大0.01,最小0.002π=3.1415927Note:Allsplinespecificationtabledimensionsinthestandardarederivedfromthesebasicformulasbyapplicationoftolerances.注：按本表规定的基本公式,应用不同的公差等级,可得到所有其他表中的尺寸。.Table3.BasicDimensionsforInvoluteSplinesANSIB92.1-1970,R1993渐开线花键基本尺寸Pitch,P/PsCircularPitch,pMinEffectiveSpaceWidth<BASIC>,Svmin最小作用弧齿槽宽〔基本值Pitch,P/PsCircularPitch,pMinEffectiveSpaceWidth<BASIC>,Svmin30degΦ37.5degΦ45degΦ30degΦ37.5degΦ45degΦ2.5⁄53⁄64⁄85⁄106⁄128⁄1610⁄2012⁄2416⁄321.25661.04720.78540.62830.52360.39270.31420.26180.19630.62830.52360.39270.31420.26180.19630.15710.13090.09820.66830.55690.41770.33420.27850.20880.16710.13920.1044………………0.17710.14760.110720⁄4024⁄4832⁄6440⁄8048⁄9664⁄12880⁄160128⁄256…0.15710.13090.09820.07850.06540.04910.03930.0246…0.07850.06540.04910.03930.0327…………0.08350.06960.05220.04180.0348…………0.08850.07380.05530.04430.03690.02770.02210.0138…ToothNumbers.—TheAmericanNationalStandardcoversinvolutesplineshavingtoothnumbersrangingfrom6to60witha30-or37.5-degreepressureangleandfrom6to100witha45-degreepressureangle.Inselectingthenumberofteethforagivensplineapplication,itiswelltokeepinmindthattherearenoadvantagestobegainedbyusingoddnumbersofteethandthatthediametersofsplineswithoddtoothnumbers,particularlyinternalsplines,aretroublesometomeasurewithpinssincenotwotoothspacesarediametricallyoppositeeachother.美国国家表准规定的渐开线花键压力角30度或37.5度的齿数围是6到60齿,压力角45度的齿数围是6到100齿。在选择花键齿数应用上,必须牢记的是：由于奇数齿两测量针规的中心连线距离不是〔通过渐开线圆心的直径值,所以选择奇数齿比选择偶数齿更为不利,特别是花键。译注C1：偶数齿的形状是对称的,一边的齿中心和相对的另一边齿中心的连线,通过渐开线花键的圆心〔节圆的圆心。而奇数齿是不通过圆心的,所以奇数齿的测量难度更高。TypesandClassesofInvoluteSplineFits.—TwotypesoffitsarecoveredbytheAmericanNationalStandardforinvolutesplines,thesidefit,andthemajordiameterfit.Dimensionaldataforflatrootsidefit,flatrootmajordiameterfit,andfilletrootsidefitsplinesaretabulatedinthisstandardfor30-degreepressureanglesplines;butforonlythefilletrootsidefitfor37.5-and45-degreepressureanglesplines.渐开线花键的配合类型和公差等级—本标准规定两种配合类型：齿侧配合和外径配合。30度压力角时,有平齿根齿侧配合、平齿根外径配合、圆齿根齿侧配合；37.5和45度压力角只有圆齿根齿侧配合。〔见表2SideFit:Inthesidefit,thematingmemberscontactonlyonthesidesoftheteeth;majorandminordiametersareclearancedimensions.Thetoothsidesactasdriversandcentralizethematingsplines.齿侧配合：配合的零件只通过齿的侧面配合,大小径之间存在间隙。齿侧配合同时具有驱动和自定心功能。MajorDiameterFit:Matingpartsforthisfitcontactatthemajordiameterforcentralizing.Thesidesoftheteethactasdrivers.Theminordiametersareclearancedimensions.外径配合：用大径来定心,用侧面来驱动。小径具有间隙。Themajordiameterfitprovidesaminimumeffectiveclearancethatwillallowforcontactandlocationatthemajordiameterwithaminimumamountoflocationorcentralizingeffectbythesidesoftheteeth.ThemajordiameterfithasonlyonespacewidthandtooththicknesstolerancewhichisthesameassidefitClass5.外径配合规定了一个最小作用侧隙,以用来连接或定位大径。跟齿侧一起,能得到一个小间隙和同心的效果。外径配合只有一个弧齿槽宽和弧齿厚公差,等同于齿侧配合中公差等级为5的公差值。Afilletrootmaybespecifiedforanexternalspline,eventhoughitisotherwisedesignedtotheflatrootsidefitormajordiameterfitstandard.Aninternalsplinewithafilletrootcanbeusedonlyforthesidefit.外花键一般用圆齿根,也有其它情况采用平齿根的齿侧配合或外径配合。花键圆齿根只适用于齿侧配合。ClassesofTolerances.—Thisstandardincludesfourclassesoftolerancesonspacewidthandtooththickness.Thishasbeendonetoprovidearangeoftolerancesforselectiontosuitadesignneed.TheclassesarevariationsoftheformersingletolerancewhichisnowClass5andarebasedontheformulasshowninthefootnoteofTable4.Alltoleranceclasseshavethesameminimumeffectivespacewidthandmaximumeffectivetooththicknesslimitssothatamixofclassesbetweenmatingpartsispossible.公差等级—弧齿槽宽和弧齿厚规定了四种公差等级。这样就满足了设计是选择不同公差等级的需要。旧版中只有一种等级的公差,在本标准中规定为等级5,作为基本等级,见表4。各公差等级的最小作用弧齿宽和最大作用弧齿厚的值是相等的