Unit 3 Sea Exploration Learning About Language 课件【知识精讲精研】高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

UNIT3SEAEXPLORATIONLearningAboutLanguageBuildupyourvocabularyToconsolidatetheimportantwordsinthetext.Toconsolidatetheimportantchunksinthetext.Therearemanyt_____andlegendsabouthowseamenexploredtheoceansinthepast.Buthowmanyofthemarereliable?Thefactisthattheyneededmultiplewaystokeepsafeafters______sail.Usingnaturetohelpisthefirstandmostusefulformofexploration.ThisincludestheNorthStar,Sunandclouds.Usingtheweather.Experiencedcaptainscouldseetheb_____betweenweatheranddangers.Eithertheywithdrewthefleetsore________theirvoyage.

Usingthesea.Skillfulsailorscouldusetidesandcurrentstocarryshipsbacktotheshoreorpassthroughnarrowc_______.Theseskillshelpedseamenexploretheseasanddiscoverednewlands.Theyneedednotonlytheinstrumentsbutalsocourageandluck.Finishthepassage.talessettingbondsextended

Lead-inchannels1._________animaginarystoryoranexcitingdescriptionofanevent2._________relatedtothekingorqueenofacountry3._________toreachanagreementbydiscussion4._________tostoptakingpartinanactivity5._________tomakesomethinglongerorlarger6._________aconnectionbetweenpeople7._________alevelofquality,ability,etc.8._________adeeppassageofwaterusedasarouteforshipsWritedownthewordthatmatcheseachdefinition.taleroyalnegotiateextendbondwithdrawleaguechannelWhatbondsdoyouthinkcanbestrengthenedbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworldintheBeltandRoadInitiative?Whatbenefitcanbegotfromnegotiatingtradedeals?Moreawarenessofeachother’scultures,introductionofnewspecies,enhancingfriendship,etc.Choosetheappropriatewordsfromabovetocompletethefollowingsentences.1.Theircommonexperiencecreatedastrong______betweenthem.2.AsamajorfigureinBritishpolitics,Churchillwasina________ofhisown.3.Thedeadlinehasbeen_________bytwodays.4.Iamreadingabookaboutfolk______andancientlegends.bondleagueextendedtalesCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofthephrasesinthebox.1.HenryNormanBethunedevotedhislifeandprofessiontohelpingpeoplewithoutexpectinganything__________.2.LastsummerwevisitedanislandintheIndianOcean,whoserockycoastlineandlonggoldenbeacheswere________________.3.Thetennisplayer______________severaltournamentsduetoinjury.4.Withlotsoffoodanddrink_________,theysetofffortheirpicnic.inreturn

asighttobehold

asighttobeholdinhandwithdrawfrominreturnwithdrewfrom

inhandCompletethepassagebelowwiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.findone’swayboredomreachoutacrosstheseasetsailformthefoundationtalemotivateIn1519,FerdinandMagellan,aPortugueseadventurer,madethefirstvoyagearoundtheworld.On14June2008,nearly500yearslater,a16-year-oldAmericanboy,ZacSunderland,________onasimilarjourney.After13months,hereturnedwithanewworldrecord:theyoungestpersonevertosailaroundtheworld.Zacgrewuponaboatandlearnthowtosailwhenhewasfour,which____________________ofhissuccess.Asachild,ZacreadabookaboutRobinLeeGrahamwhohadsailedaroundtheworldaloneasateenagerin1965.ZacwasgreatlyinspiredbyGraham’s

_____.Afterhis16thbirthday,Zacstartedmakingplansforhisjourney.Usinghisownmoney,Zacboughtaboatandsetoff.________________________isoftenamixtureofdangerand________.Zachadto_____________throughheavystormsandgetbyonlittlesleeponhisjourney.Itwasboringtostayonaboatallday,soZacreadlotsofbooks!Healsoemailedhisfamilyusinghislaptop,tellingthemabouthisexperiencesaroundtheworld.Whenthejourneyended,Zac’sadventurereceivedwidespreadmediacoverage.Athispressconference,hetalkedabouthowpassionandcouragemadehisdreamcometrue.Inhisopinion,there’ssomuchthatpeoplecanachievewiththeright___________andambition.Justgoforit!setsailformedthefoundation

taleReachingoutacrosstheseaboredom

findhiswaymotivationAnswerthequestions:1)WhatproblemsdidZacmeetinhisjourney?2)WhatmadeZac’sjouneysuccessful?3)Comparedtothegreatvoyagesinhistory,isZac’svoyagemeaningful?Why?Zachadtofindhiswayinthestormandhadlittlesleepduringthejourney.Hislifeexperienceofgrowinguponaboatandlearningtosailwhenhewasveryyoungmadehimsuccessful.Yes.Hisvoyagegaveusgreatencouragement.Aslongasyouhaveambitionandgoal,trytodoit.1.HenryNormanBethunedevotedhislifeandprofession

tohelpingpeoplewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.professionn.ajobthatneedsahighlevelofeducationandtraining

职业;行业

egHelefttheteaching

profession

in1965tosetuphisownbusiness.搭配enter/gointo/joinaprofession从事某一职业byprofession在职业上；就职业来说拓展professionaladj.职业的【语境应用】完成句子1)Myfatherwasanengineer____profession.2)Heisamanofintegrityandhigh___________(profession)competence.3)Allnursesareawareofthatpointbeforethey_______________theprofession.byprofessionalenter/gointo/join2.Zacgrewuponaboatandlearnthowtosailwhenhewasfour,whichformedthefoundationofhissuccess.Zacgrewuponaboatandlearnthowtosail是主句,when引导的是时间状语从句,which引导的是非限制性定语从句,howtosail是“疑问词+todo”结构,在句中作learnt的宾语。拓展

1)“疑问词+不定式”在句子中主要用作宾语,有时也可用作主语或表语等。egWhentosetouthasnotbeendecidedyet.(作主语)

何时动身尚未决定。Theproblemishowtocarryouttheplan.(作表语)

问题是怎样执行这个计划。(2)不能用“whytodo”结构【误】Heexplainedtomewhytobelate.【正】Heexplainedtomewhyhewaslate.

他向我解释了他为什么迟到。注意:可以说Whydosth?或Whynotdosth?egWhynotgo

climbingMountTaiattheweekend?

周末去爬泰山好吗?

Whygetupset

justbecauseyougotabadmark?

何必因为没有考好就不安呢?(3)动词know,show,discover,see,explain,findout等之后通常不宜直接跟不定式,但可跟“疑问词+不定式”。【误】Idon’tknowtousethisdishwasher.【正】Idon’tknowhowtousethisdishwasher.

我不知道这台洗碗机怎么用。【语境应用】1)我有几条如何保护环境的建议。Ihavesomesuggestionson______________ourenvironment.2)我不知道该从哪里开始做我的项目。

Iamnotsure______________withmyproject.howtoprotectwheretostart1.Themotherdidn’tknow______to

blameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.

A.who

B.when

C.how

D.what2.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_____.

A.itwhattodowith

B.whattodoitwith

C.whattodowithit

D.todowhatwithit【高考真题】AC1.此结构的由来“疑问词+todo(sth.)”这一结构是由“疑问词+从句”演变而来的。例如：

Wedon’tknowwhatweshoulddonext.

→Wedon’tknowwhattodonext.

我们不知道下一步该做什么。

Theyhaven’tdecidedwhentheywillbuildtherailway.→Theyhaven’tdecidedwhentobuildtherailway.

他们还没有决定什么时候建那条铁路。

Theproblemishowweshallgothere.

→The

problemishowtogothere.

问题是我们如何去那里。

注意：“疑问词+从句”能简化成“疑问词+to

do(sth)”的前提是:从句表示的是将要发生的事情。“疑问词+todo(sth.)”这一结构在句子中可以作多种成分，现分述如下：1.作主语

Wheretoholdthemeetingisnotknown

yet.

在哪里开会还不知道呢。

Ithasnotyetbeendecidedwhethertoset

upaHopeSchoolhere.

是否在这里建一所希望学校还没有决定。2.作宾语

Thereweresomanymagazinesinthereading-roomthatIdidn’tknowwhichtoborrow.阅览室有那么多杂志，以致于我不知道该借哪一本。Haveyoudecidedwheretoholdyourbirthdayparty?你决定在哪里举行你的生日聚会了吗？Iamthinkingofhowtocarryouttheplan.我在考虑如何实施这个计划。3.作宾语补足语

CanyoutellmehowtolearnEnglishwell?

你能告诉我，怎么学好英语吗？

LiLeiwilladviseyouwhethertoacceptthe

job.

你是否该接受这份工作，李雷会向你提出建议的。4.

作表语

Theproblemiswho/whomtoaskfor

help.

问题是(我们)该请谁帮忙。

Thequestioniswhosebiketoborrow,Tom’sorJack’s?

问题是该借谁的自行车，汤姆的还是杰克的?5.作同位语

Shehadnoideahowtohelptheoldman.

她不知道该如何去帮助那位老人。

Thequestionwhethertoborrowmoneyfrom

thebanktroubledMr.White.

是否从银行借钱这一问题使怀特先生很烦恼。6.作定语(注:以下两句中的which是关系代词。)

Dellahadonly$1.87withwhichtobuy

Jimapresent.

德拉仅有1.87美元来为吉姆买一件礼物。

Youhaveanumberoftopiesfromwhichto

choose.

你有许多题目可以从中选择。UNIT3

SEAEXPLORATIONReviewUsefulStructuresToreviewinfinitivesanddosomeexercises.1Findallthesentencescontaininginfinitivesinthereadingpassage.Thenmarktheirfunctions.1Asthesubject(S)主语 2Asthepredicative(P)表语3Astheobject(O)宾语 4Astheobjectcomplement(OC)宾补5Astheattributive(Attr)定语 6Astheadverbial(Ad)状语SuggestedAnswers:Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionfor...MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorerstosearchforsearoutesfromwesttoeast.Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals...Thesefleetswereasighttobeholdandwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.(S)(OC)(Ad)

(Attr)Toreachoutacrossthesearemainsastrongdesiretoday.Theaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationand...Tradinghasgrowngreatly...,andwillcontinuetodosoinyearstocome.

...whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange....therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore....ChinahasjoinedothernationsonseveralexpeditionstoexploretheArctic....thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects....theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.

(P)(Attr)(O)(O;Attr)(S)(Attr)(Attr;Ad)(Attr;Attr;OC)动词不定式主动被动用法一般式todotobedone表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生的动作完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作进行式tobedoing/表示正在进行的动作，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生完成进行式tohavebeendoing/表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直进行的动作不定式的构成与形式不定式是非谓语动词的一种，在句中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分，如主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语等。e.g.Tosayisonething;todoisanother.

Hewantstoknowhismother’ssecret.

Mydreamistowriteabookaboutmylife.

Theprofessoraskedherassistanttomakeadetailedplan.

ThebestplacetovisitinMayismyhometown.

Ireturnedhomeonlytofindshehadleft.不定式的用法不定式作主语和宾语常跟不定式作宾语的动词：agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,intend,learn,plan,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,threaten,wish当主语较长、谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。

e.g.Itwaswiseofyoutorefusehisinvitation.有些动词既可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式作宾语，但意义有所区别。这类动词有remember,forget,regret,try,mean等。

remember/forget/regrettodo

remember/forget/regretdoing

trytodotrydoingmeantodomeandoinge.g.I’msorrytohavedonethat.Ididn’tmeantobesorude.

Thatdoesn’tmeanreadingittooslowly.记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事记得/忘记/懊悔做过某事设法做某事试着做某事打算、意欲做某事

意味着……不同意义和用法need/want(想要)todosth.need/want(需要)/require(需要)+doing=need/want(需要)/require(需要)+tobedone

(v.-ing主动形式表被动意义)这三个词need,want,require既可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式作宾语，但意义和用法不同。e.g.Theplantsandflowerswant/need/requirewateringonceaweek.

Theplantsandflowerswant/needtobewateredonceaweek.被only,last,next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。

e.g.Ritawastheonlypersontocomplain.

HenrywasthefirstpilottoflyacrosstheAtlantic.

Tommyisthemostsuitablemantodothejob.有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如ability,chance,desire,decision,effort,intention,need,opportunity,plan,promise,pressure,right,time,way等。e.g.Aftermonthsofunemployment,whatheaskedforwasachancetoearnhisbread.不定式作定语不定式作状语不定式作状语，常表示目的、原因、结果等。e.g.Thefamilyweregladtoseetheirchildrentakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.

Tocatchthefirstbus,Igotupatfivethismorning．Ijumpedwithjoytohearwhathesaid.不定式作结果状语时，常用于“only+不定式”结构，表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。

e.g.Anoldfriendofminecametosee

meyesterdaynight.Alanliftedarockonlytofindthattherewasnothingunderit.不定式作补语advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,waitfor,callon,dependon跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：e.g.Iwasinterestedinastronomyandtheteacheraskedmetogiveasimplepresentationtotheclass.

We’retryingto

persuade

manufacturerstosellthematareasonableprice.感官动词和使役动词后常接省to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式to不能省略。

e.g.SomeonesawMaryandSmithenter

thebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.

MaryandSmithwereseentoenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.1.Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim_______(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.(2021年全国乙卷)2.Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.(2021年6月浙江卷)3.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4______(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020新课标全国卷I)4.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout_______(find)thewell-knownpainter.(2020新课标全国卷III)5.Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy_______(care)forandmakegreatpresents.(2020年新课标全国卷II)tohave

toplanttofindtofindtocare2Jointhewordstomakesentencesusinginfinitives.Thendecidethefunctionofeachinfinitive.He/encouragedme/participateinthesurfingcompetition2.Thestorm/seems/begettingcloser3.Magellan/wasthefirstperson/sailaroundtheworldHeencouragedmetoparticipateinthesurfingcompetition.

Thestormseemstobegettingcloser.

Magellanwasthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.(OC)

(P)(Attr)4.TheUNpeacekeepingforce/aims/maintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts5.Thecrowd/stood/applaud/scientists/fortheirimportantoceanresearchworkTheUNpeacekeepingforceaimstomaintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts.

Thecrowdstoodtoapplaudscientistsfortheirimportantoceanresearchwork.

(O)

(Ad)6.Itisagoodidea/tax/plasticbottles/sothatpeopleusethemless7.TheJiaolongmannedsubmersible/issaid/beable/reach7kmunderwater8.Itremains/beseen/whetherornothiscapsule

canworkItisagoodideatotaxplasticbottlessothatpeopleusethemless.

TheJiaolongmannedsubmersibleissaidtobeabletoreach7kmunderwater.

Itremainstobeseenwhetherornothiscapsulecanwork.(S)

(O;O)(O)3ReadthebeginningofTheLittleMermaidandusetheproperformsoftheverbsinbracketstofillintheblanks.Faroutintheocean,wherethewaterisasclearasglass,livestheSeaKing.Theoceanistoodeep___________(measure).Wemayimaginethereisnothingexceptyellowsandunderthesea,butactuallyitisnotrare______(see)themostuniqueflowersandplants________(dance)inthefast-movingwater.

InthedeepestspotofallstandstheSeaKing’scastle,whichhaswallsofcoralandaroof________(form)ofbeautifulshells.

Themotheroftheking,awisewomanwhoisproud____________(be)bornintotheroyalfamily,takescareofhissixdaughters.Amongthesixsea-princesses,theyoungestistheprettiest.Althoughshehasdelicateskinlikearose-leafandeyesasblueasthedeepestsea,shehasnofeetbutafishtailjustlikehersisters.Themostcommonwayfortheprincesses_______(play)alldaylongis___________________(swim)inthehallsofthecastleoramongtheflowersgrowingoutofthewalls,feedingandtouchingthefish__________(swim)uptotheirhandsthroughthewindows.Theyseem____________(notworry)aboutanything,exceptfortheyoungest,who

…tomeasuretoseedancingformedtohave

beentoplayswimming

/toswimswimmingnottoworrySuggestedanswer:...whowantstoseewhatlifeislikeonland.Sheswimsallthewaytothesurfaceandseesalargeship.Ittravelstow