翻译理论与实践教案()

翻译理论与实践教案()第一页，共70页。Diction?Softdrink;softlight;softwater;softbreeze;softfire;softheart;softrecord培训部;编辑部;指挥部;师部;外交部;南部CorrespondenceandDiscriminatingtheoriginalmeaning;WordTranslation.第一页第二页，共70页。Diction去掉不适当的夸张；（该市的人都赞成。）要注意轻重和范围的大小；（她吓得魂不附体。）用词要注意褒贬；（她是一个有独立见解的思想家。）用词要具体；同义词/近义词的选择。BACK第二页第三页，共70页。AmplificationSupplyingWordsOmittedintheOriginal;SupplyingNecessaryConnectives;SupplyingWordstoConveytheConceptofPlurality;SupplyingWordstoMakeanAbstractConceptClear;LogicalthinkingSupplyingWordsofGeneralizationForPurposesofRhetoricorCoherenceRepititionSupplyingBackgroundorCulturalInformation第三页第四页，共70页。SupplyingWordsOmittedintheOriginalReadingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;writinganexactman.Therewerenospeeches,noforeigndiplomats,no“ordinaryChinese”withpaperflagsandbouquetsofflowers.BACK第四页第五页，共70页。SupplyingNecessaryConnectives;HecouldunderstandapassiveoppositionfromKennedyloyalists,butanopenonewouldhavedireconsequences.ButwithoutAdolfHitler,therealmostcertainlywouldneverhavebeenaThirdReich.BACK第五页第六页，共70页。SupplyingWordstoConvey

theConceptofPluralityNewsmenwentflyingofftoMexico.BACK第六页第七页，共70页。SupplyingWordstoMakeanAbstractConceptClear

Antagonism;madness;arrogance.Heallowedthefathertobeoverruledbythejudge,anddeclaredhisownsonguilty.BACK第七页第八页，共70页。LogicalThinkingWhereasKissingerhadonceneededNixonasachanneltopower,NixonnowneededKissingertohelphimremaininpower.

BACK第八页第九页，共70页。SupplyingWordsofGeneralizationTheAmericansandtheJapaneseconductedacompletelysecretexchangeofmessages.BACK第九页第十页，共70页。ForPurposesofRhetoricorCoherenceFormistakeshadbeenmade,badones.BACK第十页第十一页，共70页。RepititionThefootmenwereasreadytoserveherastheyweretheirownmistress.Betterbewisebythedefeatofothersthanbyyourown.Ihaveexperiencedoxygenand/orenginetrouble.Bloodmustatoneforblood.Buttherehadbeentoomuchpublicityaboutmycase.BACK第十一页第十二页，共70页。SupplyingBackgroundorCulturalInformation

LeMonde,theB.B.C.,theNewYorkTimes,theentireArabpress,allquoteHeikalatlength.Theblondboyquicklycrossedhimself.Chinese-English第十二页第十三页，共70页。Amplification

1.

Addingnecessarypronouns;2.

Addingnecessaryarticles;3.Addingnecessaryconnectives;4.Addingnecessaryprepositions;5.Addingnecessarybackgroundwords;6.Addingnecessarywordsofgeneralization;7.AvoidRepetition.

第十三页第十四页，共70页。AddingNecessaryPrepositions每个人有一条生命。

Amanhasbutonelifetolive.第十四页第十五页，共70页。AddingNecessaryBackgroundWords建国以来;抗战期间。sincethefoundingofthePRCin1949duringtheWarofResistanceagainstJapan第十五页第十六页，共70页。AddingNecessaryWordsofGeneralization结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。要提倡顾全大局。Thepracticeofgivinglavishfeastsatweddingscanwellbedispensedwith.Weshouldadvocatethespiritoftakingthewholesituationintoconsideration.

第十六页第十七页，共70页。AvoidRepetitionHestressedthatallStateCouncildepartmentshaveanimportantresponsibilityinthestruggle(againstcorruption)andsaidtheyareinaveryimportantposition.Tomaintainsteadygrowthoftheeconomy,wemustimplementalong-termpolicyofsteadyeconomicgrowth.第十七页第十八页，共70页。AvoidRepetition(Exception)

Thereisnoquestionthatwewillwinandtheenemywillbedefeated.Wemuststrengthenpublichealthservicesinruralareasinordertoimproveourpeople’shealth.BACK第十八页第十九页，共70页。Omission(E-C)

OmissionofthePronoun;

OmissionoftheArticle;

OmissionofthePreposition;

OmissionoftheConjunction;OmissionoftheVerb;OmissionoftheSpecialPronoun“It”.C-E第十九页第二十页，共70页。OmissionofthePronounTheretailersperformmanyfunctions.First,hemayprovideaconvenientlocation.Also,heoftenguaranteesandservicesthemerchandisehesells.Third,theretaileraidsinpromotingtheproduct,oftenthroughdisplaysandadvertising.Fourth,theretailermayfinancethecustomerbyextendingcredit.Further,theretailerperformsstoragefunctioninhisoutlet,byhavinggoodsavailable.BACK第二十页第二十一页，共70页。OmissionoftheArticleWinteristhebesttimetostudythegrowthoftrees.Althoughtheleavesaregoneandthebranchesarebare,thetreesthemselvesarebeautiful.BACK第二十一页第二十二页，共70页。OmissionofthePrepositionRumorshadalreadyspreadalongthestreetsandlanes.BACK第二十二页第二十三页，共70页。OmissionoftheConjunctionHedeclinedtoamplifyonthePresident’sstatement,sincehehadnotreadthetext.BACK第二十三页第二十四页，共70页。Omission(C-E)OmissionoftheAdjective;OmissionoftheAdverb;OmissionofthePrepositionalPhrase;OmissionoftheVerb;OmissionofthePhraseorthesentence;ConsiderasaWhole.BACK第二十四页第二十五页，共70页。OmissionoftheVerb相互了解，是建立互信关系的前提。

中国始终是维护世界和平与地区稳定的坚定力量。

BACK第二十五页第二十六页，共70页。OmissionofthePhraseortheSentence不能把欧洲视为亚洲，也不能把亚洲视为欧洲。

美国和欧盟国家已连续六次在日内瓦的联合国会议上提出这个议案，但是每一次都没有得到通过，都失败了。

BACK第二十六页第二十七页，共70页。ConsiderasaWhole这些新型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。他这个人历来都是勇于探索，勇于创造，勇于改正错误。

BACK第二十七页第二十八页，共70页。OmissionofthePrepositionalPhrase我们愿意在和平共处五项原则的基础上同世界上所有国家发展友好合作关系。

我们已经从其他国家有计划有选择的进口了一些成套设备。

BACK第二十八页第二十九页，共70页。OmissionoftheAdjective他们做了艰苦的努力。我们对过去的历史应有所了解。这个地区遭受了严重的自然灾害。我们积极支持生态农业。

BACK第二十九页第三十页，共70页。OmissionoftheAdverb价格要适当调整。如果你想要取得他们的支持，它必须进一步改善自己的形象。

BACK第三十页第三十一页，共70页。Conversion(E-C)ConversionintotheVerb;ConversionintotheNoun;Conversionintotheadjective;Conversionintotheadverb.C-E第三十一页第三十二页，共70页。ConversionintotheVerbAcommonplacecriticismofAmericancultureisitsexcessivepreoccupationwithmaterialgoodsandcorrespondingneglectofthehumanspirit.Thedevelopedcountriesarerichinskilledworkforceandcapitalresources,sotheycanconcentrateonproducingmanytechnology–intensiveproductssuchascomputers,aircrafts,andsoon.BACK第三十二页第三十三页，共70页。ConversionintotheNounSincesilverandgoldareinconvenienttocarryandtoassayforpurityandforweight,itbecamecustomaryforeachstatetostampoutincoinformaspecifiednumberofouncesofgoldcarryingthesealofthestatetoguaranteepurityandweight.BegfiledanurgentstorytohisnewspaperinLondon,littlerealizingthathewasabouttobecomepartofanewjournalisticlegendonFleetStreet.BACK第三十三页第三十四页，共70页。ConversionintotheadverbHetalkedtotheforeignerinhesitantEnglish.Hespentananxiousdayinthelockup.BACK第三十四页第三十五页，共70页。ConversionintotheadjectiveAsheisaperfectstrangerinthecity,Ihopeyou’llgivehimthenecessaryhelp.TheAPECmeetinginShanghaiwasagreatsuccess.BACK第三十五页第三十六页，共70页。Exercises1.

Hedidnotlookoractlikehisusualself---hisfacewasveryred,hishatwasonthebackofhishead,hishairwaswildlyrumpled.2.

Wewerehighlyappreciativeofhiseffortstobringpeacetotheworld.3.

Theoldmanlayallnightonhissleeplessbed.第三十六页第三十七页，共70页。Exercises4.

Thishatwasinforawhilelastyear.5.

Machinesworkonelectricity.6.

Helookedatmeinamazement.第三十七页第三十八页，共70页。Homework1.

TheseizureofAmericanhostagesinIransharpenedthepainofnationalhumiliation.2.

Attheturnofaswitch,wecanseewhataretakingplaceamileaway.3.Asthewarprogressed,hewouldsymbolizetheirfrustrations,theembodimentofallevils.1.

中国青年人对因特网知识的普及化程度和上网人数还远不能令人满意。2.

人们现在把邮购业务生动的比作“看不见的超市”，因为他们可以通过信函，电话，传真和电脑定购物品，并通过中国邮政网迅速的收到所购物品。BACK第三十八页第三十九页，共70页。Conversion(C-E)VerbsintoNouns;VerbsintoPrepositionalPhrases;VerbsintoAdverbs;VerbsintoAdjectives;NounsintoVerbs;NounsintoAdjectives;AdjectivesintoNouns.第三十九页第四十页，共70页。VerbsintoNouns了解过去有助于了解现在，了解现在有助于预知未来。坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。振兴科技和繁荣经济，必须坚持教育为本。BACK第四十页第四十一页，共70页。VerbsintoPrepositionalPhrases;一方面问题正在讨论，另一方面写字楼正在建造。这份有关航天的报告虽然很长，但不切要领，我看不懂。BACK第四十一页第四十二页，共70页。VerbsintoAdverbs会议结束后，人人都尽力为公司做点事儿。BACK第四十二页第四十三页，共70页。VerbsintoAdjectives你肯定他能中彩吗？糖和盐都溶于水。BACK第四十三页第四十四页，共70页。NounsintoVerbs本产品的特点是设计独特，质量高，容量大。BACK第四十四页第四十五页，共70页。NounsintoAdjectives我们对计算机科学的未来充满信心。服从是军人的义务。BACK第四十五页第四十六页，共70页。AdjectivesintoNouns空气清香，使人感到分外凉爽、舒畅。Homework第四十六页第四十七页，共70页。Extension(E-C)

1.逻辑引申

2.语用引申

3.修辞引申

4.概念范围的调整C-E第四十七页第四十八页，共70页。逻辑引申Theemergenceofthepeopleofthe3rdworldandtheirstruggleforidentitywillleadtothefloweringofdiverseconceptsoflifeinthefuture.VietnamWarwashisentrée（入场券）tothenewAdministration,histhirdincarnation（赋予肉体、具人形，化身）asaforeignpolicyconsultant.第四十八页第四十九页，共70页。逻辑引申Sincetheinitiationofeconomicreformsinthelate1970s,Chinahasachievedimpressiveeconomicgrowthcoupledwithsignificantstructuraltransformation.TheEEC’scommonAgriculturalpolicyisadinosaur（要被废弃的落后的庞然大物）

whichisadding￡13.50aweektothefoodbilloftheaverageBritishfamily.BACK第四十九页第五十页，共70页。语用引申

Thenewfatherworeaproudsmile.Cleverheadsthanminemighthaveseenhisdrift.

BACK第五十页第五十一页，共70页。修辞引申Seesawingbetweenpartlygoodandfaintlyominous，thenewsforthenextfourweekswasneverdistinct.Hewouldnottellthem，butkepttheminsuspenseallday.BACK第五十一页第五十二页，共70页。概念范围的调整

Poetrysuffers(外延大而内涵小)intranslation–andthereadersuffers（外延小而内涵大）

withit.Torcello,whichusedtobelonelyasacloud,hasrecentlybecomeanoutingfromVenice.EXERCISES第五十二页第五十三页，共70页。Exercises1.

HowtheybowtothatCleolebecauseofherhundredthousandpounds.2.

Theavalancheunleashedbythefilmprovidedthebestopportunityinalongtimefortheracialhealingtobegin.3.Allservicesinbusiness---suchasgiftwrapping,delivery,andcredit---havesomeamountofcostsassociatedwiththem,andthesecostsmustbecoveredbyhigherprices.

NEXT第五十三页第五十四页，共70页。Exercises4.Wordsoncereservedforrestroomwallsarenowcommonstuffinfilms,plays,booksandevenontelevision.5.Lastnightanuninvitedguestturneduptomakefiveforbridge.Ihadthekindofpaperbookathandtomakebeingthefifth

atbridgeajoy.6.EverytimeIcomebackfromabusinesstripitmakesanewmanofme.BACK第五十四页第五十五页，共70页。Extension(C-E)具体化译法

概略化译法

BACK第五十五页第五十六页，共70页。具体化译法最近呢，农业科学化了，又在植树造林，山岭天地更加郁郁葱葱。

它们仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样，又像笼罩着轻纱的梦。

官僚作风就是墨守成规，推委消极。

BACK第五十六页第五十七页，共70页。概略化译法不要在丝绸服装上别别针，因为会留下针眼。

在这儿实在闲着无事，浑身筋肉都松弛的发酸。

BACK第五十七页第五十八页，共70页。CategoriesofNegationShebarelyacknowledgedhispresence.Ourclassismarkedbysuchanabsenceoflivelydiscussionthatmanyofthestudentsmightfallintosleep.Thereisnoplaceintheworldlikehome.NEXT第五十八页第五十九页，共70页。CategoriesofNegationNotallthecandidateswereaccepted.Hewasafraiduntilthetigerwalkedoutofhissight.Thepurposeofteachingisnotsomuchtotransmitknowledgeastoteachhowtolearn.Ihaveneverknownhimtobehaveotherthanselfishly.SKILLS第五十九页第六十页，共70页。NegationinE-CTranslationAffirmativeinE,butNegativeinC.Weknowitisasquarepeginaroundhole;still,itservesafterafashion.Itisnothingforabig,strongschoolboytoelbowanelderlywomanasideinthedashforthelastremainingseatonthetubeorbus,muchlessstandupandofferhisseattoher,asheought.NEXT第六十页第六十一页，共70页。NegationinE-CTranslation2.NegativeinE,butAffirmativeinCAllmyplanscametonothing.3.EitherEquivalentinCSlipsarescarcelyavoidablewhenyouarenewtoyourwork.NEXT第六十一页第六十二页，共70页。