2023届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解 （含解析）

（1）阅读理解—2023届高考英语一轮复习揭秘高考原题【新高考】一、高考原题1（2022年新高考）.GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale

90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)

Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)

Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)

Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.

LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper.

C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.

2.Howmanypartsisastudent'sfinalgrademadeupof?

A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.

3.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?

A.Youwillreceiveazero. B.Youwilllosealettergrade.

C.Youwillbegivenatest. D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.2.

（2022年新高考）

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,"foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,"asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from"ugly"(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewits,"iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld."

Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12boxesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,Whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat."Curtinsays.1.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.

B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.

D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.

2.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetext?

A.Moraldecline. B.Environmentalharm.

C.Energyshortage. D.Worldwidestarvation.

3.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment. B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.

C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits. D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.

4.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded. B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek. D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.3.（2022年新高考）

Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.

"Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful."

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities."

1.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.

2.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon"meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.二、考情分析I社会文化类文化类文章的选材一般以中西方文化差异或者社会文化现象为重点，如礼仪、语言、生活习惯，价值观等，题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。体裁以议论文、记叙文居多，但是也有说明文。而且往往一篇文章表达一个主题。文化类阅读理解的设题一般都是以考查文章的细节为主，兼顾考查考生推理判断的能力。因此，考生答题时要能准确定位，根据试题要求到文章中去寻找相应的答案。做这类题时，考生的英语语言知识和社会常识都发挥着重要的作用，遇到熟悉的题材时，若对题目把握不准，考生可以在立足文章内容的基础上结合社会常识来解答此类题。对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程，在复习时要注意：1.增加英语词汇量、掌握语法和习惯用法。在复习过程中加强对语言基础知识的掌握。普通中学毕业生应具备2000~3500的词汇量，并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。2.扩大知识面，认真研读历届高考题。从近年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，因此，要阅读更多关于社会文化背景知识的内容，通过阅读丰富自己的知识。同时，要认真研读近五年的高考篇目，增加语言经验，适应选材特点，熟悉题材和体裁，了解设问形式，感悟设问特点。II科普知识类从文章的体裁看，这类文章一般都是说明文，通过对某种自然现象、某项科学研究、某个最新发现等的详细描述，让大家认识、了解某方面的科学知识，并学会在生活中运用这种知识。有时候科普知识类文章的体裁也可能为记叙文，通常叙述与某项发明或发现相关的人物及事件。科普知识类文章的设题一般都以考查文章的细节为主。因此，答题时，只要抓住主要信息，仔细比较题目与原文信息的异同，一般便可以作出正确选择。不过，这类题目的文章往往专业性较强，专业术语多，阅读起来较为困难，但是，这类题目的命题一般都很简单，且生词不会影响考生做题。因此，做题时要学会“跳读”，即要跳过有些不影响做题和理解文章内容的生词，只要抓住核心词句即可。III人物故事类这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生、发展或结局有人物、时间、地点和事件。人物故事类文章一般较长，题目多为细节理解题和推理判断题。考生在做此类阅读理解题时往往有材料看得懂但题目不好做的感觉。因此，考生在阅读文章时要把重点放在事情发展的过程和结果进程及人物之间的关系、细节与主题的关系及用以说明人物性格特点的事实、作者的态度等，这些内容往往是推理判断题的命题点。掌握了这些内容，考生在做推理判断题时，就不会以个人思维想象代替根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，也只有这样才不会以偏概全。至于细节理解题的解答，考生切忌想当然或者凭印象，一定要找到文章中的原句和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择。IV应用广告类高考广告类短文贴近学生生活，如学习、旅游、保健、购物、招生、招聘、餐饮、网络交流等，这类短文有以下几个特点：（1）篇幅短小，形式灵活，信息量大。无论整篇广告还是数则广告，都很短小精悍，但其中的信息可能较多甚至较为纷繁。（2）用词和句法简练。广告用词筒单，句法以简单句为主，目的是让读者一目了然，很快捕捉到信息。（3）专有名词和缩略词多。广告涉及的商品和活动以及人物等经常以专有名词出现，而时间、地点等经常以缩略词出现。（4）生词多。广告涉及领城众多、涉及面广，因此会有生词，但往往不影响阅读。广告类短文的试题多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题，即考查考生对广告具体细节的了解、分析和概括等能力。阅读此类短文需要考生具备较好的skimming（略读）和scanning（细查）的阅读技能，即快速读懂文章大意和寻找目标信息。1.题干定位法：先阅读题干，然后根据问题按照题目顺序有针对性地结合题干中的关键词到文中定位，阅读相关部分并快速寻找有效信息，再将原文和选项进行比较。当问题与原文材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。2.补全成分法：省略词和省略句在应用文中大量出现。对于影响语境理解的省略情况，应将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解其意思。3.信息再加工法：主要用于词义或句意推测题以及涉及数字转换的推理判断题。需要对原文相关信息作正确理解，并通过推理判断或计算对信息进行再加工。V生态环保类高考题中，常见的热门题材主要有：人与自然的和谐发展，人与自然的生态现状和未来发展，环保的生活方式，生态旅游，生态农业等。考生在平时学习中要有关注热点环保题材的意识，把握环保新潮流，留心相关题材的文章特点，这样在做这类题时才会得心应手。VI史地常识类史地常识类文章通常介绍历史事件、异域风光等。在选材方面，多选择说英语的国家的主要名胜历史事件等。在设题方面，通常以细节题为主，同时也有一定的主观推断题。命题的形式通常多样，可能涉及图表题、数字计算题、排序题、表格题等。对此类试题，要特别注意积累与西方社会的风土人情、社交活动、风俗习惯及历史事件有关的专业英语常识。平时养成读书看报的习惯，勤于积累，提高文化素质，掌握已经考过的英语常识试题，在此基础上，进一步丰富常识。此外，要掌握必要的解题技巧，考生可运用英语学科知识，联系有关的历史地理知识，从材料中抓住关键词，获取和解读有效信息，分析历史、地理试题的内涵和外延，并结合选项进行甄别、筛选，做出综合思考和理性的判断，从而选出最符合题意要求的选项。VII新闻报道类新闻报道类文章都具有时代性，材料反映当代社会的某个方面。新闻报道类文章要点突出，主题鲜明；一般来说，看文章的首段或者首句便可知全文的主要内容，如时间、地点、人物等；新闻报道类文章清楚地告知读者when，where，who，what，how等内容。1.泛读各类文章，积累背景知识。做阅读时，背景知识对阅读理解水平有着重要的影响。因此，考生对文章内容的熟悉程度有时要比其本身的语言水平更重要。所以考生在复习迎考时，要有针对性地选读一些有关各学科知识的文章，留意各类评论性文章，增加一些背景知识，有意识地强化记忆有关词汇，以便能理解考试中将会遇到的各种内容的文章，从而达到事半功倍的效果。2.重视文章的首段、首句。一般来说，根据文章第一段或者仅仅根据第一句话便可知全文的主要内容，如事件、时间、地点、人物等。3.在阅读中要忽略人名、地名，不要被这些专有名词弄乱自己的思路和情绪，但要理清地点的位置及人物之间的关系4.做题时要先读问题，再读文章，之后再回归问题。三、变式训练4.

Amanwholostallmovementbelowtheneckafteraseriousinjuryin2007wasfinallyabletowriteagain—withhismind.

StanfordUniversityresearchersusedartificialintelligencesoftwareandabrain-computerinterface(接口)tohelpthemantocommunicatewithothersbytext,accordingtoastudypublishedWednesdayinNature.

Dr.JaimieHenderson,professorofneurosurgeryatStanford,implantedtwomicrochipsthesizeofbabyaspirin(阿司匹林)about1millimeterintotheman'sbrainin2017.Thechipscanrecordmovementinthemotorcortex,thepartofthebrainthatcontrolshandmovement.

Whenthemanimaginedhewasusinghishandtowriteonanotebook,thecomputertransferredhisthoughtsintotextonacomputerscreen."Thisapproachallowedapersonwithparalysis(瘫痪)tocomposesentencesatspeedsnearlycomparabletothoseofable-bodiedadultsofthesameagetypingonasmartphone,"Hendersonsaid."Thegoalistorestoretheabilitytocommunicatebytext."

ThemanwhowasreferredtoonlyasT5inthestudytextedatarateofabout18wordsperminute.Apersonofthesameagewithfulluseoftheirhandscantextatanaverageof23wordsperminuteonasmartphone.Hiserrorratewasaboutonemistakeevery18or19attemptedcharacters.Whenresearchersusedanautocorrectfunction,similartomostsmartphones,errorratesdecreasedbelow1%whenhewasaskedtocopytextandslightlymorethan2%whenhewasaskedtowritesomethingoriginal.

Studyauthorsareexcitednotonlyaboutthebreakthroughtechnologybutaboutwhattheirdiscoverymeansforfutureresearch.Researchershopethetechnologycouldbeadaptedtoallowpeoplewhocan'ttalktomakeconversationthroughwriting.Moreworkneedstobedonebeforethestudy'sresultscanbesuccessfullytransferredintoreal-worldapplications,suchasatablet,smartphoneorcomputer.1.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Totellthesituationoftheman. B.Toattractreaderstogoonreading.

C.Toletreadersfeelsorryfortheman. D.Tocomparethemanwithothernormalpeople.

2.Whichisnecessaryforthetechnology?

A.Aphone. B.Medicine. C.Acomputer. D.Anotebook.

3.Whatistheresultofthetechnology?

A.Itissuccessful. B.Itisforbidden.

C.Ithasnoadvantageatall. D.Itmakesbusinessmenexcited.

4.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thistechnologyisavailableinrealworld.

B.Thistechnologycanhelppeoplefeelexcited.

C.Itwillneedlongtimetospreadthetechnology.

D.Peoplemaynolongerneedtheabilitytotalkinthefuture.5.

Lightningcouldbeamuchmoreimportantatmosphericcleanserthanpreviouslythought,accordingtoanewanalysisofhistoricalmeasurementsgatheredfromastorm-chasingairplanebackin2012datawhichwereoriginallythoughttobeinaccurate.

Whilesomeoftheair-cleaningqualitiesoflightningarealreadywellunderstood—inparticularthecreationofnitricoxide(氧化亚氮)andhydroxide(氢氧化物)thatcanwashoutvariousgreenhousegasesfromthesky—there'salotmoregoingonhere,accordingtothenewresearch.

Itappearsthatbothlightningandtheweaker,invisibleelectricalchargesaroundthemcanproducethepollutant-catchingoxidantshydroxyl(OH)andhydroperoxyl(HO2),whichcanalsoremovesomepollutedgasessuchasmethaneandcarbonmonoxidefromtheatmosphere.

These2012readingsweretakenfromaNASAplaneflyingoverColoradoandOklahoma,measuringthetoppartofstormclouds.Therecentanalysis,plusdatagatheredonthegroundatthesametime,showedthatthelightningwasindeedproducingthesehighlevelsofoxidants(氧化剂).

Aseriesoflabexperimentsbackeduptheideathatbothvisiblelightningandinvisibleelectricalchargesintheaircouldproduceextremeamountsofoxidantshydroxyl(OH)andhydroperoxyl(HO2).It'sworthbearinginmindthatmostlightningstormsneverstriketheground,butareneverthelesssettingoffalotofchemicalreactionsintheclouds.

Atthemoment,thehydroxylandhydroperoxylproducedbylightningisn'tincludedinatmosphericmodeling—aneglectthatcouldbesignificant.

"Throughhistory,peoplewereonlyinterestedinlightningstormsbecauseofwhattheycoulddoontheground,"saysBrune."Nowthereisincreasinginterestintheweakerelectricaldischargesinthunderstormsthatleadtocleantheatmosphere."

There'salotofuncertaintyinthedata,theresearchersadmit—mostlybecausetheirdataisfromasmallpartoftheworldoveralimitedtimeframe—buttheyguessthatbetween2-16percentofglobalatmosphericoxidationcouldbecausedbylightningstorms.1.Whycanthelightningcleantheair?

A.Itusuallygoeswithrain. B.Itcanproducemoreoxygen.

C.Itcanremovesomegreenhousegases. D.Itdealswiththedirtydustandpollutedair.

2.Howdidtheresearchersgettheconclusion?

A.Byusingothers'report. B.Bycomparingsomedata.

C.Bydoingresearchinthelab. D.Bystudyingthepreviousdata.

3.Whatisthedisadvantageoftheresearch?

A.Itisnotall-sided. B.Itisnotthelatest.

C.Itisdoneontheground. D.Itisonlyaboutatmosphere.

4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheAtmosphereisGettingPolluted

B.LightningisDangerousforHumanBeings

C.ScientistsFindChemicalReactionsintheClouds

D.LightningHelpstheAtmosphereCleanItself6.

IfyouarelongingforahikeinAlaskaandaren'tsurewheretostart,hereareourfavorites.There'ssomethingforalllevelsofskillandambition.TheKenaiRiverTrail

AhalfmiledownthistrailarewonderfulviewsoftheKenaiRiverCanyon.Therearereallytwotrailheads(小道的起点);themain"upper"trailstartsatmile0.6ofSkilakLakeRd,andtheotheratmile2.3.ADallsheepoverlookstheTurnagainArm.TurnagainArmTrail

This11-milehikebeginsatPotterTrailhead(Mile115).InitiallyusedbyAlaskaNatives,thetrail,canalsobeaccessibletopointsalongtheway:McHughCreek(Mile112),Rainbow(Mile108)andWindy(Mile107).IditarodNationalHistoricTrail

TheNationalHistoricIditarodTrailisa24-milehikeusedbygoldminersandsled-dogteamsuntil1918,whentheAlaskaRailroadwasfinished.It'satwo-to-threedayhikethroughsuperbmountainscenerytoGirdwood(whereit'sknownastheCrowPassTrail),andistheregion'sbestbackpackadventure.

PutupatentatEchoBend(Mile3),orrentoneoftwoyurts(毡房)($65pernight)closeby.ForashorteroutingyoucanturnaroundatthePerch,thenreturntotheDewMoundTrailatEchoBendandthentotheNatureCenter,makingthisascenic8-miletrip.ReedLakesTrail

Twoalpinelakes,waterfalls,glaciersandtoweringgranite(花岗岩)walls:the7-to-9-mileReedLakesTrailisoneofthemostwonderfulhikesintheregion,andworththeclimb.OnceyoureachupperReedLake,continue1miletoBomberGlacier,wheretheruinofaB-29bomberliesinmemorialtosixmenwhodiedina1957crash.1.WhichofthefollowingwasoriginallyusedbyAlaskaNatives?

A.TheKenaiRiverTrail. B.TurnagainArmTrail.

C.IditarodNationalHistoricTrail. D.ReedLakesTrail.

2.Atwhichplacecanhikerssetupatent?

A.Girdwood. B.PotterTrailhead.

C.EchoBend. D.TurnagainArm.

3.WhatwillvisitorsseeatBomberGlacier?

A.Amemorialtosixheroes. B.Atowermadeofgranite.

C.TheruinofaB-29bomber. D.Oneofthemostgorgeouswaterfalls.7.

MynameisJacobCramer.IamafreshmanatOrangeHighSchool.

In2013,IfoundedanorganizationcalledLoveForTheElderly.Manyelderlypeoplehavenoonetocareforthem,noonetolookafterthem,noonetolovethem.Theelderlyhavepavedthepathwayofsuccessformygeneration.Theydeservetobeshownappreciationandkindnessbutareoftenignored.

Iamsureallofyouhavesomeoneinyourheartwhohasbeenatanursinghome.ThinkofthemwhileIsaythis:theydeservethebestandnothingbutthebest.Theelderlyaresuchanoutstandinggroup,andtheirwisdomcanmostdefinitelybelearnedfrom.Thisideaofappreciatingtheelderlyreverberated(回响)insidemyheaduntilfinally,Idecideditwastimetostepupandmakeadifference.

Mypassionforwritingledmetocreateanorganization,wherepeoplefromallacrosstheglobesendlettersfilledwithkindnessandjoy,fromIceland,Romania,Finland,Australia,andmore.Ithensendtheseletterstoseniorcenters,nursinghomes,andretirementcommunitieslocatedallacrossthecountry.Tothisdate,Ihavecollectedover1000letters,andtheresponseIhavereceivedhasbeentrulyunbelievable.

Thispastmonth,Ihadtheopportunity(机会)toreceive$100fromKindSpringthroughtheirmonthlykindnesscontesttohelpmyorganization.Thismoneyhasbeenofgreathelp.Wedonotreceivemuchmoney,andsoithelpedtopayformanycosts,includingpostageandenvelopes.Thisgestureofkindnesshasbeenverybeneficialtomyorganization,andIcouldnotbemoreappreciative.ThankyousomuchtoKindSpringforthisamazingopportunity.Ifanyofyouwouldliketogetinvolvedinmyorganization,pleasevisit.1.Whatdoestheauthortellusabouttheelderly'slife?

A.Allareinbadcondition. B.Mostgetlittleloveorcare.

C.Afewliveasuccessfullife. D.Theyappreciateothers'kindness.

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Outgoingandhonest. B.Aggressivebutcareful.

C.Ambitiousandkind. D.Consideratebutsilent.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionKindSpring?

A.Toadvertisefortheorganization. B.Toappealtootherstodonatemoney.

C.Toshowmeanbehaviorsoftheorganization. D.Toexpresshisthankstotheorganization.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.VolunteerinSeniorCenters—YourChoice.

B.LovefortheElderly—aChancetoShowKindness

C.StayAloneafterRetirement—theElderly'sSuffering

D.LetterstoParents—theWayofExpressingLove8.

TheaveragetemperatureonEarthisnow1℃hotterthanitwasinthelate1800s,andthattemperaturewillkeeprisingtowardtheserious1.5℃standardoverthenextfiveyears,accordingtoanewreport.

TheauthorsofthenewreportpredictthattheaverageannualtemperatureonEarthwilltemporarilyhit1.5℃ofwarmingatsomepointinthenextfiveyears."Thatpossibilityhasdoubledsincelastyear.We'reseeingincreasingchangeinourclimate,"saysRandallCerveny,aclimatescientistatArizonaStateUniversity.

Topping1.5℃ofwarminginasingleyearwouldn'tbreaktheParisAgreement.Butwitheverypassingyearofrisinggreenhousegasemissions(排放),itbecomesmorelikelythathumanswillcausecatastrophicwarming.Thereportcalculatesthere'sa90%chancethatoneofthenextfiveyearswillbethewarmestyearonrecord."Itisyetanotherwakeupcallthattheworldneedstospeedupcommitmentstoslashgreenhousegasemissions,"WMOSecretary-GeneralPetteriTaalassaidinastatement.

IftheU.S.followsthroughonnewpromisestoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissions,itwouldhelplimitglobalwarmingtosomeextent,althoughothercountriesincludingChinawouldalsoneedtoreducetheiremissionsinthenext10years.

InApril,theU.S.promisedtocuttheemissionsinhalfby2030comparedwith2005levels.Mostofthosecutswouldneedtocomefromelectricitygenerationandtransportation.Meanwhile,thefossilfuelindustryisseeingmorepressuretoinvest(投资)incleanenergy.OnWednesday,aDutchcourtorderedRoyalDutchShelltocutitscarbonemissionsmorequickly,althoughthecompanysaysitexpectstoappealthedecision.Andasmallactivisthedgefund(对冲基金会)successfullyplacedatleasttwonewcandidatesonExxonMobil'sboardofdirectors,withthegoalofpushingthecompanytotakeclimatechangemoreseriously.1.WhatcanwelearnfromRandallCerveny?

A.Climatechangebecomesmoreserious. B.Thepredictionaboutclimateisindoubt.

C.Theexpertsthinklittleofclimatechange. D.Theaverageannualtemperaturedoubledlastyear.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"slash"inparagraph3mean?

A.Reduce. B.Avoid. C.Measure. D.Forbid.

3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?

A.Americafailstocutgreenhousegasemissions.

B.Othercountrieshavehelpedlimitglobalwarming.

C.ChinadeterminestofollowAmerica'sexample.

D.Americaplaysaroleinglobalgreenhousegasemissions.

4.WhathappenedtoRoyalDutchShellaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Itwaschargedwithairpollution.

B.Itbroughtpressuretoglobalwarming.

C.Itwasaskedtoquickenthecutofcarbonemissions.

D.Itdevotedtoreducinggreenhousegasemissions.

答案以及解析1.答案：1-3CBA解析：1.推断。题干问的是"这篇文章可能节选自哪里"。浏览全文可知,本文介绍了文学入门这门课程的评分原则,由此可推知,本文可能节选自一个课程计划,故选C项。

2.理解具体信息。题干问的是"学生的期末成绩由几部分组成"。根据文中的"Essays(60%)""GroupAssignments(30%)""DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)"可知,学生的期末成绩由三部分组成。故选B项。

3.理解具体信息。题干问的是"如果你在截止日期过后一周才提交文章会发生什么"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的最后一部分,根据"Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero"(如果没有在截止日期后的第4天之前上交,你将会得到零分)可知,如果你在截止日期过后一周才上交,你的成绩将会是零分。故选A项。2.答案：1-4BBDA解析：1.理解具体信息。题干问的是"作者想要通过讲芝麻菜的故事表达什么?"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第一段。根据第一段的最后一句可知,更糟糕的是,作者不假思索地买了太多东西;作者本可以用扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。由此可知,我们有时会无意中浪费食物。故选B项。

2.理解具体信息。题干问的是"根据文本内容,食物浪费的一个后果是什么?"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第三段。根据第三段第一句可知,生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源,这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知,食物浪费的一个后果是环境危害。故选B项。

3.推断。题干问的是"Curtin的公司是做什么的?"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第四段。根据第四段中的"CurtinisCEO...rottedinfields"可知,该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食品。它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品,回收了超过807500磅的食物,否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可推知,Curtin的公司把一些人们不需要的东西变成可以吃的健康食物。故选D项。

4.推断。题干问的是"Curtin建议人们做什么?"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的最后一段。根据最后一段中Curtin说的话可推知,Curtin建议人们减少食物浪费。故选A项。3.答案：1-4DBCA解析：1.理解目的。题干问的是"这个项目的目的是什么?"。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的第二段,根据第二段的内容可知,该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想,旨在减少老人的孤独感,改善其健康状况。故选D项。

2.理解具体信息。题干问的是"这个项目是如何影响RuthXavier的?"。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的第五段,根据第五段RuthXavier说的对这个项目的感受"我很享受这些有创意的活动,做一些有用的事情的感觉很好"可知,她从这个项目中获得了成就感。故选B项。

3.理解词汇。题干问的是"第七段画线部分'embarkon'是什么意思?"。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的第七段,根据第七段WendyWilson的话"居民们非常欢迎这个项目和创意会议的想法。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣"并结合画线部分可推知,画线部分所在句的意思是"第一批开始这个项目的组织之一",因此画线部分的意思为"开始",故选C项。

4.推断。题干问的是"从最后两段我们可以了解到关于这个项目的什么信息?"。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的最后两段,最后两段讲述了一些组织参与到这个项目的感受。根据WendyWilson和LynnLewis两位负责人说的话可知,这个项目得到了好评。故选A项。4.答案：1-4BCAC解析：1.目的意图题。根据第一段"Amanwholostallmovementbelowtheneckafteraseriousinjuryin2007wasfinallyabletowriteagain—withhismind."可知,一位在2007年受重伤后颈部以下完全失去了活动能力的男子终于能够用他的大脑重新写字了。由此可推知,第一段的目的是吸引读者的兴趣,让读者继续阅读。故选B。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"StanfordUniversityresearchersusedartificialintelligencesoftwareandabrain-computerinterface(接口)tohelpthemantocommunicatewithothers"以及第四段第一句"Whenthemanimaginedhewasusinghishandtowriteonanotebook,thecomputertransferredhisthoughtsintotextonacomputerscreen."可知,斯坦福大学的研究人员使用人工智能软件和脑机接口来帮助这位男土与其他人交流。当这个人想象自己正在用手在记事本上写字时,电脑就会把他的想法转化成电脑屏幕上的文字。由此可推知,电脑是该技术中必要的设备。故选C。

3.推理判断题。根据第五段内容和最后一段第一句"Studyauthorsareexcitednotonlyaboutthebreakthroughtechnologybutaboutwhattheirdiscoverymeansforfutureresearch."可知,研究人员不仅因这项突破性技术而兴奋不已,还因为他们的发现对于未来研究的意义而激动。由此可推知,该技术是一项很成功的技术。故选A。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句"Moreworkneedstobedonebeforethestudy'sresultscanbesuccessfullytransferredintoreal-worldapplications,suchasatablet,smartphoneorcomputer."可知,在这项研究成果成功地转向现实世界中平板电脑、智能手机或电脑等设备的应用之前,还有更多的工作要做。由此可推知,广泛推广该技术仍然需要很长的时间。故选C。5.答案：1-4CBAD解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的"inparticularthecreationofnitricoxide(氧化亚氮)andhydroxide(氢氧化物)thatcanwashoutvariousgreenhousegasesfromthesky"可知,闪电中生成的氧化亚