恋词写作秋季强化阅读

主讲人章晋林老师简介

国外类考试资深培训师，留学规划专家，讲课思路逻辑清晰，通过自身多年的外语学习和考试经历，为学生在各个考试类科目中整理出有效的做题技巧，是朱伟老师春季的《题源报刊精读30篇》“命题人思路精讲”讲师，被广大学员喜爱。

2007年 text1（英语一）

Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.

Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses:a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.

AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20

hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediate

feedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.

Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformers–whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming–arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.

Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto

stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.

spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.

introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.

explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.

Theword“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans

fun.

craze.

hysteria.

excitement.

AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory

dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.

resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.

isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.

requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.

Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat

talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.

biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.

theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.

highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.

Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?

“Faithwillmovemountains.”

“Onereapswhatonesows.”

“Practicemakesperfect.”

“Likefather,likeson.”

【同类真题】

Eg.2008text4

In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw–havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.

That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.

Q：GeorgeWash