2014年九年级第一单元精讲精练

SectionAbyaskingtheteacherforhelp通过向老师求救by是介词，意为“通过，靠”，此处表示方法、手段、后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。Hehadtodoalltheworkbyhand.所有的工作他都要靠手工做。Mr.Greenmakesalivingbyteaching.格林先生以教书为生。【拓展】①by+表示交通工具的名词（by后不加冠词），意为“乘/驾/坐……”。IwenttoBeijingbyplane.我乘飞机去了北京。②by+时间，意为“不迟于；在……之前”。Imustbeinbedbyteno’clock.我必须在10点之前睡觉。③by+地点，意为“在……旁边”。Welivebythesea.我们住在海边。asksb.forhelp意为“向某人求助”。Mymotheraskedmeforhelpyesterday.昨天我母亲要我帮忙。Thelittlegirlaskedthepolicemanforhelp.这个小女孩向警察求助。即学即练：-HowdoyoulearnEnglishwords?-_____makingwordcards.A.ToB.ByC.ForD.With-Howdoyougettoschooleveryday.Lucy?-Igotoschool.A.ridemybikeB.bymybikeC.bybusD.byabusMr.Scottmadealivingby(sell)oldthings.ShelearnsEnglishbylisteningtotapes.(对划线部分提问)shelearnEnglish?Mostofthemtakethetraintowork.(改为同义句)Mostofthemgotowork.DoesanyonelearnEnglishbywatchingvideos?有人通过看录像学习英语吗？watch此处为及物动词，意为“看；观看”，指专注地看，有时含有“欣赏”之意。IwatchTVeveryevening.我每天晚上都看电视。Weoftenwatchthemplaysoccer.我们经常看他们踢足球。辨析：watch，look，see与readwatch强调“看，观看”正在运动或变化的事物，有时含有“欣赏”之意DoyouwatchTVatnight?你晚上看电视吗？look强调“看”的动作，不强调是否“看见”了，后接宾语时，常与at连用Lookattheblackboard,please.请看黑板。see强调“看”的结果，表示“看见；看到”Wesawawonderfulfilmyesterday.昨天我们看了一场精彩的电影。read强调“看”书、报、杂志等Ilikereadingathome.我喜欢在家看书。DoyouhaveconversationwithfriendsinEnglish?你和朋友用英语交谈吗？haveconversationswithsb.意为“与某人交谈/会话”。Hehadconversationswithhissonyesterday.昨天他与他的儿子进行了交谈。conversation既可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词，意为“交谈；谈话”。常指非正式社交场合的谈话，也可指在正式场合的谈话。与动词have，hold连用时，其前需加不定冠词，但与动词make连用时，其前不加冠词。其常用短语有：have/holdaconversationwith...与……交谈/谈话makeconversation闲谈；搭讪beinconversationwith...与……谈话中Thisisaprivateconversation.Don’tinterrupt!这是私人谈话，别打搅！Whataboutlisteningtotapes?听磁带怎么样？Whatabout...?意为“……怎么样？”，相当于Howabout...?常用来征求对方的意见或向对方提出建议。Ithinkthisisagoodidea.Whataboutyou?我认为这是个好主意。你认为如何？WhataboutvisitingtheEastLake?去游览东湖怎么样？Whataboutreadingaloudtopracticepronunciation?大声读来练习发音怎么样？aloud副词，意为“出生地；大声地”。ItisveryimportanttoreadaloudinstudyingEnglish.在英语学习中大声读是很重要的。Thathungrybabycriedaloud.那个饥饿的婴儿大哭起来。辨析：aloud，loud与loudlyaloud副词意为“大声地”与call,shout,cry等连用Pleasereadthetextaloud.请朗读一下课文。意为“出声地”与read等连用loud形容词意为“大声的”可作定语或表语Themusicistooloud.Pleaseturnitdown.这音乐太吵了，请把声音调低些。副词意为“响亮地，高声的”与talk,speak,sing,laugh等连用Speakloud,please,ornoonewillhearyou.请大声说，否则没人能听见你（说话）。loudly副词意为“高声地”，含有“喧闹”的意味与knock，ring等连用Suddenlythebellonthewallrangloudly.突然，墙上的铃大声地响起来。topracticepronunciation在句中作目的状语。动词不定式（短语）在句中作目的状语时，可以放在句子的开头，也可放在句子的末尾，通常译为“为了……”。Tokeepfit,weshoulddrinkmilkeveryday.为了保持健康，我们应该每天喝牛奶。Iwanttocomeovertoyourhousetoseeyourparents.我想去你家拜访你的父母。practice此处用作动词，意为“练习”，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式TheypracticespeakingEnglisheverymorning.他们每天早上练习说英语。【拓展】practice也可用作不可数名词，意为“练习”。StudentsgetlotsofpracticeintheEnglishclub.学生们在英语俱乐部得到了大量的练习。pronunciation名词，意为“发音；读音”。其动词形式为pronounce，意为“发音”。HespeaksEnglishfluently,buthispronunciationispoor.他英语讲得很流利，但他的发音不好。Pleasepronounceyourwordsclearly.请你把单词的音发清楚。Haveyoueverstudieswithagroup?你曾参加过小组学习吗？ever副词，意为“曾经；在任何时候；到底；究竟”，一般用于否定句、疑问句、条件状语从句中，或用于特殊疑问句中，用来加强语气。Nothingevermakeshimangry.从来没有什么事情会使他生气。HaveyoueverbeentoBritain?你曾经去过英国吗？ComeandseemeifyouevercometoBeijing?你要是什么时候来北京，就来看看我吧。Whereeverhaveyoubeen?你到底去过哪里？“have/has+过去分词”是现在完成时的结构，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，也可指从过去某事开始延续到现在的动作或状态。Ihavereadthebook.我读过这本书。Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?你已经完成作业了吗？现在完成时态的结构：1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+have/has+not4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他现在完成时态的意义：1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女儿刚出去。I’msurewe’vemetbefore.我肯定我们以前见过面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently,already,just,lately,for…,since…,yet等。如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.这些日子我没有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenyourecently.最近我们没有见到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他们离开已经两年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.3）.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.即学即练：a.句型转换(每空一词)。1.Ihavetoldyoubefore.(否定句)Iyoubefore.2.IhaveeverbeentoIndiaandRussia.(否定句)IhavebeentoIndiaRussia.3.DidyourunclevisitEnglandlastnight?（用ever作状语改写句子）youruncletoEngland?4.She’slearnedmorethan1000words.（划线提问）wordsshe5.I’veworkedherefortenyears.（划线提问）youworkedhere?6.Shehaswatchedthefilmtwice.（划线提问）hasshewatchedthefilm、7.Ihavelostmybike.（划线提问）you?8.Didsheenterthecompetitiontwoyearsago?（同义句）shethecompetitiontwoyearsago?9.Mysisterleftschoolthreeyearsago.（同义句）Mysisterfromschoolthreeyears.10.MyfriendwrotethreeletterslastSunday.（同义句）MyfriendthreeletterslastSunday.常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语注意:.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.①现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用

如already（肯定）,yet（否定，疑问）,just,before,recently,still,lately，Just,already,yet,ever,never,before,twice(重复性时间)，for+短时间，since+点时间，sofar,howlong提问的疑问句中……

Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.

Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).

Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.

Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?即学即练：a.用already或yet1)Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures______?No,not___________.2)Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions________3)Hesaidhehadn’tvisitedtheexhibition________.b.用since或for1)Wehavelearnedfivelessons______thebeginningofthisterm.2)MrsLiaohasbeeninhospital______lastweek.3)Ihavestayedatmyaunt’s_____twoweeks.C.用havegone或havebeen1)Wherearetheboystudents?They_____totheschoolfactory.2)Isyourfatherin?No,he___toShenzhen._____heever______therebefore?Yes,he___thereseveraltimes3)Heaskedmeif_____toHangzhoubefore.4)ItoldhimthatIwantedtogothereforavisitasI______never______tothatcitybefore.

②现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,

如ever,never,twice,severaltimes等:

HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing

IhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.

Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.

Georgehasmetthatgentlemanseveraltimes.

③现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,

如uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,just,uptopresent(now),sofar等:

Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.

Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.I’velearnedalotthatway.我用那种方法学到了很多（知识）。alot此处意为“很多”，作learned的宾语。Hehasgivenheralottoeat.他已给了她很多吃的东西。【拓展】①alot意为“很多；非常；常常”，作状语，可修饰动词，也可以修饰比较级，多用于肯定句中。Iworkedalotyesterday,sofeltalittletired,butnowIfeelmuchbetter.我昨天做了很多工作，因此感到有点儿累了，但是现在我感觉好多了。Haveyouusedtherecorderalotinclass？你经常在课堂上使用录音机吗？②alot还可作主语或表语。Alothasbeendoneaboutit.关于这件事已采取了很多措施。（主语）Thatisalot.那真多。（表语）thatway在这里相当于介词短语inthatway，作状语，意为“用那种方式/方法”，是一种特殊的表达方式。类似的表达还有：thisway意为“用这种方式/方法”。FinallyIfoundmyunclethatway.用那种方式，我终于找到了我叔叔。It’stoohardtounderstandspokenEnglish.听懂英语口语太难了。“It+be+形容词+todosth.”结构，意为“做某事是……的”。此句型中，it作形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语。It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.学好英语很重要。【拓展】此句型中的形容词若是描述事物特征的词，如easy,difficult,interesting,necessary,impossible等时，用It’s+形容词+forsb.todosth.;若此句型中的形容词时表示人物性格、品格等的词，如kind，nice，clever，foolish等时，介词用of，而不能用for。It’seasyforachildtolearnanewlanguage.对于孩子来说学一门新语言很容易。It’sverykindofyoutotellmethat.你告诉我那件事，真是太好了。spokenEnglish意为“英语口语”。其中spoken是由speak的过去分词转化成的形容词，在句中作定语，修饰English。MyspokenEnglishisnotverygood.我的英语口语不是很好。【拓展】English-speaking说英语的AmericanisanEnglish-speakingcountry.美国是个说英语的国家。Annie,I’malittlenervous.安妮，我有点儿紧张。alittle意为“有点儿”，在句中修饰形容词nervous，相当于abit,alittlebit或kindof。辨析：alittle与abit二者修饰形容词，副词院级及比较级时，可以互换。二者与not连用时，意思差别很大。notalittle意为“很；非常”，相当于verymuch;notabit意为“一点儿也不；毫不”，相当于not...atall。二者修饰名词时的区别为：alittle可直接修饰不可数名词Idrankalittlemilkjustnow.=Idrankabitofmilkjustnow.我刚才喝了一点儿牛奶。abit修饰名词时其后须加of，即abitof，后接不可数名词It’salittle/abithottoday.今天有点儿热。Heisalittle/abittallerthanme.他比我高一点儿。I’mnotalittlehappy.我很快乐。I’mnotabithappy.我一点儿也不快乐。IhavetofinishreadingabookandgiveareportnextMonday.我必须读完一本书，下周一作报告。finish此处用作及物动词，意为“完成”，其后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。Ifinishedmyhomeworkhalfanhourago.我半小时前做完了家庭作业。Haveyoufinishedcooking?你做完饭了吗？重点句子：1.你怎样学习英语？我通过小组学习来学习英语。_______doyoustudyEnglish?Ilearn_____studying______agroup.2.我怎样能提高我的发音？一种方法就是听磁带。_____canIimprove_____________?Onewayis_________________________.3.通过阅读句子的前后试着猜测词的意义。Trytoguessa____________by________thesentences_______or_______it.4.你读得越多就会读得越快。___________youread,_____________you‘llbe.5.我只是躲藏在书后而什么也不说。Ijust_____________my________andneversaidanything.6.我喜欢上这不使人兴奋且有趣的电影。I__________________________thisexcitingandfunnymovie.7.虽然我不能理解人物所说的一切，但他们的肢体语言和面部表情帮助我理解意义。AlthoughIcouldnotunderstandeverythingthe________said,their_______________andthe______________________________helpedmegetthemeaning.8.通过听英语电影里的有趣的英语交谈，我的发音也提高了。My________alsoimproved_______________totheinteresting_____________inEnglishmovie.9.我发现听一些你感兴趣的内容是语言学习的秘诀。I___________thatlisteningtosomethingyou______________________the___________languagelearing.10.通过查字典我能得到生词的意义。Icangetthe____________thenewwordsby_____________________ina_________.11.好的学习者时常吧他们需要学习的和他们感兴趣的联系起来。Goodlearnersoften______whattheyneed________________somethingtheyareinterestedin.12.即使你学得一些东西好，但你如果不用它将会忘记。_______________youlearnsomethingwell.youwillforgetit______youuseit.13..好的学习者也不害怕犯错误。Goodlearnersarealso_________________making_______.14.他尝试了许多次成功了，并且从错误中学到很多。Hesucceededby___________________and_____________hismistakes.15.他们可以记下关键词来记笔记，或者画出思维图。Theymay_____________by_________________wordsor__________________.单项选择：（2013重庆）YoucanimproveyourEnglish______practicingmore.A.byB.withC.ofD.in（2013南京）Linda’sfatherhateswaitinginlonglines.Ithinkhe’snotvery______.A.patientB.talentedC.popularD.powerful（2013金华）-Tommy,youcanneverletothersknowwhatIhavetoldyoutoday.-Don’tworry,.Iwillkeepthe_____.A.secretB.moneyC.addressD.grade（2013云南）Youdon’thaveto_____everynewwordinthedictionarywhilereading.A.lookforB.lookupC.lookatD.lookafter（2013泰安）_____you’retastedit,youcan’timaginehowdeliciousthedishesare.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.WhenD.unless（2013扬州）-MrLi,Ican’tunderstandeverythinginclass.-Don’tworry.I’ll____themainpointsattheend.A.recordB.reviewC.requireD.remember（2013遂宁）Hewas____tired_____hecouldnotgoonwalking.A.too;toB.such;thatC.so;thatD.not;enough现在完成时练习（一）一、用所给词的正确形式填空：1.

I____

already

____

(see)

the

film.

I

___

(see)

it

last

week.

2.

___

he

____(finish)

his

work

today

?

Not

yet

.

3.

___

you

____(be)

to

Hong

Kong

?

Yes,

I

_____

(be)

there

twice.

4.

He

_______

just

______

(finish)

his

homework.

5.

_______

the

young

woman

ever

_______(travel)

to

England?

6.

_______

you

_______(read)

“Gone

with

the

wind”

yet?

7.

Have

you

_______(get)

any

new

CDs?

8.

My

family

have

never

_______

(be)

to

Sanya.

9.Mr.Green_____（teach）usalotaboutsocialstudiessinceSeptember.10.I_____never____（meet）hersisterbefore.11.Haveyouever______（take）atrain？12.It_________（be）morethanthreeyearssinceJim______（leave）here.13.Haveyou_____（make）friendswithyournewclassmatesyet？14.I_______（have）mylunchandI'mnothungrynow.15.Jimhasneverseenapanda，_____he？16.We______（be）goodfriendssincewemetatschool.17.Wecan'tfindhimanywhere.Perhapshe______（go）home.二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1).She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.

2).Bothofthem________________(be)inHongKongfortendays.

3).Bothofthem________________(come)toHongKongtendaysago.

4).Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).

5).Mary_______(lose)herpen.________you______________(see)itanywhere?

6)._____________you____________(find)yourwatchyet?

7).---Areyouthirsty?---NoI_________just_____________(have)someorange.

8).We_____________already______________(return)thebook.

9).___________they____________(build)anewschoolinthevillage?

10).I________________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?

11).Ourhometown___________(change)alotsofar.

12).I_________(buy)abookjustnow.

13).It_________(be)nearlytwomonthssinceIboughtthisbicycle.

14).Itmustbeaverygoodbook.Myfather___________(read)thisbookmanytimes.15).Myhairiswet.I____________(wash)itjustnow.三、单项选择1．Papermoney＿＿＿＿foroverathousandyears．A．usedB．hasbeenusedC．hasusedD．isusing2．Greatchanges＿＿＿＿inmyhometownandalotoffactories＿＿＿＿．A．havebeentakenplace；arebeingsetupB．havetakenplace；havebeensetupC．aretakenplace；hadbeensetupD．hadtakenplace；willbesetup3．Comeandsitdownbythefire．Yourhand＿＿＿＿cold．A．hasbeenfeltB．feelsC．isfeltD．hasfelt4．Thefire＿＿＿＿tothefifthfloor．＿＿＿＿allthepeople＿＿＿＿？A．hasgot；Have；beensavedB．hasbeengot；Have；savedC．hasgot；Do；saveD．hasgot；Have；saved5．—Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow．—I’msorry，butit＿＿＿＿already．A．hastakenB．tookC．wastakenD．hasbeentaken6．Someofthechapters（片段）＿＿＿＿bymanystudents．A．havebeenwidelyreadB．havereadwidelyC．werewidereadD．hadbeenwidelyread7．Whydon’tyougotothebookstoretobuysomebooks？Manynewbooks＿＿＿there．A．havej