17秋西南大学0057《英语词汇学》作业答案

1、“loseface”isa(n)_________.

alien

translationloan

2、TheUnitedNationshasappealedforhelpfromthe________community.

3、Comeon!Cheerup!Don’tjustsithereasstiffasa________.

receipt

bill

6、Wordswithsuchclustersas“ch”,“ph”,“pn”,“rh”asinchasm,phone,pneumaticandrhetoricaremostprob

Latin

8、Weeventuallyranoutofpatiencewithhis________behaviour.

9、Hewas________ofhavingaskedsuchasillyquestion.

sorry

ashamed

10、Itookonlya_________ofbeanswithmeandleft.

handful

handy

handed

12、Nonewideas_______fromthemeeting.

merged

13、Whichofthefollowingwordshasgonethroughthesemanticchangeofsubjectification?

corn

empty

stalig

stole

stain

stone

16、Afterhisrecoveryfromillness,he________hisformerposition.

consumed

17、In“Elizabethcouldhearvoicesthroughtheopendoor”,theworddoormeans________.

18、Amongthesynonymousgroup,oldman,daddy,dad,fatherandmaleparent,________wouldmostprobablyu

19、Whichofthefollowingusuallyappearsinpoems?

nag

steed

horse

gee-gee

20、Themaincharactersinthenovelseemsotruetolife,butactually,theyareentirely________.

21、OldEnglishisanon-inflectionallanguage.

22、ManywordsinEnglishvocabularyarecompositional.

A.√

1.

2.

A.√

B.×

27、Connotativemeaningofawordisrelativelystableandinsensitivetothechangeofcontext.

28、LondondialectbegantospreadasStandardEnglishintheMiddleEnglishperiod.

29、FarewellisshortenedfromFaretheewell.

30、AmEandBrEsharesallgrammaticalrules.

B.×

A.√

33、Answeringthequestion“Willyoumarryme?”with“Yes,Iwill”,thespeakerisusingsubstitution.

A.√

35、Inthesentence,“IpresumethatyouareDr.Livingstone”,presumecanbereplacedby“suppose”.

36、air-conditionerisawordderivedfromadding–ertoair-condition.

37、Aword,carforexample,maymeandifferentlytodifferentpeople.

38、Accordingtocognitivesemantics,ourmindcanbeexploredviathestudyoflinguisticmeanings.

1.

39、Comparedwithhorse,gee-geisestylisticallymoreformal.

B.×

40、ForanEnglishword,theshiftofstressmayindicateachangeofpartofspeech;exportisaperfectexample.

A.√

B.×

主观题

Grammaticalmeaningreferstothatpartofmeaningwhichindicatesgrammaticalrelationshipsoffunctions,suchastensemea

pluralmeaningsofwords,etc.

42、translationloan

AtranslationloanisawordoranexpressionformedfromthematerialalreadyexistingintheEnglishlanguagebutaccordingt

wayofliteralword-for-wordorroot-for-roottranslation.Examplesare“land-reform”,“mutual-aid”team,“nationalbourgeoisi

43、blending

Blendingreferstoprocessofmakinganewwordbycombiningpartsoftwoormorewords.Forexample,theword“brunch”

“lunch”.

44、jargon

Jargonarelanguagespeculiartoatrade,profession,orothergroup.Forexample,RAM,ROM,HardDisk,CPU,etc.areallja

45、freephrase

Freephrasesrefertoanygroupofwordsorexpressionscarryingmeaning.Forexample,“threeBritishexperts”isafreephras

needed,canbealtered,suchas“twoChinesestudents”,“100Africanmen”,“20readapples”,etc.,eachofwhichcarriesame

参考答案：

47、meronymy

参考答案：

Meronymyreferstothepart-wholesenserelationship.Forexample,theword“body”and“head”,“arm”,“leg”,etc.haveapa

relationshipiscalled“meronymy”.

48、affix

参考答案：

Anaffixisthemorphemeaddedtoarootandcontributestothemeaningofawordasawhole.Accordingtoitsposition,ana

word,orsuffix,becauseitappearsfollowingtheword.Forexample,in“enlarge”,theaffix“en”isaprefix,becauseitisadde

becauseoftheadditionof“en”thatthenewverb“enlarge”ismadewithcausativemeaning.

49、Whatislexicalmeaningandwhatareitsdifferenttypes?

参考答案：

Lexicalmeaningisthemeaningofanisolatedwordinadictionary.Thiscomponentofmeaningisregardedasbeingidentical

canbedividedintofivedifferenttypes,i.e.conceptualmeaning,connotativemeaning,socialmeaning,affectivemeaningandc

illustratedinthefollowing:

1)Conceptualmeaning,alsoknownasdenotativemeaningorlogicalmeaning,isassumedtobethemostbasicandcentralfact

thecoreofsemanticstudy.Theconceptualmeaningofawordindicatestheconcept,andisthusrelativelystable.Seethefollow

bachelor:[+HUMAN,+ADULT,+MALE,–MARRIED]

spinster:[+HUMAN,+ADULT,–MALE,–MARRIED]

wife:[+HUMAN,+ADULT,–MALE,+MARRIED]

2)Connotativemeaningorconnotationistheadditionalmeaningthatawordpossessesbeyonditscentralorconceptualmeani

associationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaningoftheword.Seethefollowingexamples:

boyconceptualmeaning[+HUMAN,+MALE,–ADULT]

connotativemeaninglovable,naughty,noisy,irritating,etc.

Connotativemeaningsorconnotationsoftentendtobevariableaccordingtosociety,time,culture,andeventheexperienceof

e.g.“西风”vs.“westwind”:sharethesamedenotation,thewindblowingfromthewest

“西风”:sadness,bitterness,coldness,departure,etc.

“westwind”inBritain:agreeablefigureassociatedwithspringandflowers

3)Socialmeaningofwordsreferstotheinformationaboutthepotentialsocialcircumstanceswherethewordsareappropriate

thefollowingfactors:

DIALECT(e.g.thelanguageofgeographicalregionorofasocialclass)

TIME(e.g.thelanguageoftheeighteenthcentury,etc.)

PROVINCE(e.g.languageoflaw,ofscience,ofadvertising,etc.)

STATUS(e.g.polite,colloquial,slang,etc.)

SINGULARITY(e.g.thestyleofDickens,ofHemingway,etc.)

4)Affectivemeaningconveysthepersonalemotionsandattitudesofalanguageuser,includinghisattitudetothelistener,orh

about.Inthefollowing,wordsinColumnAareaffectivepositivewhilethoseinColumnBarenegativeinmeaning.

A

B

slim

skinny

unproven

cheap

new

inexpensive

5)Collocativemeaningispartofthewordmeaningsuggestedbyitsrelationswiththewordsitcanco-occur.Itreferstothegr

wordscanbeusedtogether.

e.g.prettyvs.handsome.

Althoughthesetwowordssharecommongroundinexpressingthemeaningof“good-looking”,theymaybedistinguishedbyt

linguists’term)collocatewith.

50、Whatisaword?

参考答案：

Awordcanbesimpledefinedastheminimalmeaningfulfreeunitoflanguage.Thisdefinitionistobeunderstoodinthefrom

1)Awordisthesoundunitoflanguage.

(1)Awordisasoundunit(orunitofspeech)forthepurposeofcommunication.Inthissense,awordsoundinnatureandeac

purpose(s).Eventhefirstwordutteredbyababyisforcommunication.

(2)Awordisasoundclusterconventionallysequenced.Inthissense,theorderofsoundelementsinawordisfixedandabid

example,fortheword/ɡəu/,thesequence/ɡ/mustprecede/əu/,otherwise,itisnottheword“go”atall.

(3)Awordisacombinationofsoundandmeaningaccordingtotheconventionsofspecificlanguages.Forexample,thesoun

“enough(够)”inChinese.

2)Awordisthesmallestfreeformoflanguage.

(1)Wordsarefreeformsofalanguage,i.e.,formsthatcanbemovedwithoutdestroyingthegrammaticalityofthesentence.I

“saw”and“Bill”canallmovefreelyandeachsentenceisgrammaticallycorrect.

(2)Incontrast,thelettersthatformawordarefixedwithrigidsequentialorder.Awordisthesmallestfreeformoflanguage

itsmeaningorevenitsstatusasaword.Forexample,only“John”isaboy’sname,butnot“Jonh”,“Jhon”,“Jhno”or“Joan”.

3)Awordisthebuildingblockforphraseandsentence.

Whenseparatedfromthephrase,sentenceorpassage,awordwillbedifficulttounderstandsinceitisnomorethana“dead”d

sentencesandpassagesarecontextsfortheinterpretationofwords.Insum,wordsarethebuildingblocksoutofwhich