语法填空之词类转换II形容词和副词

语法填空之词类转换一形容词、副词【考点】形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级或最高级，词义比较等。1、 形容词与副词的相互转换例1：...wedranktogetherandtalked(merry)tillfarintothenight.例2：Hewasvery (happily)abouthispurchaseandthepricewasreasonable.形容词、副词的比较级或最高级例3：...oneofthe(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher,MsChen.例4：Factoriesandbusinesslosemillionsofdollarseveryyearbecauseofsmokers.Smokershave(high)medicalbills.加前缀或后缀转变词性或词义例5:Withtheproblemsolved,Ifeltproudofmyachievement,(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minuteslefttocomplete.例6：...Idon’tknowifheplantedthepoemnexttothefailinggradeto(soft)theblow,butitworked.4、 以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词的用法例7:Eachdaywewerelateforschool,andIremembertheteachergotvery.(annoy)例8：Gamesareoften(excite)anddramatic,buttheygenerallyaren’tveryintellectual.例9：Timdroveverycarefully,butJohndrovemorecarefullythanTimdid.形容词和副词填空的3种提分技法：技法1：词性转换类：“两种方法”定词性句子成分：看到空格词作定语、表语、主语或宾语补足语，要想到用形容词；看到空格词在句中作状语，要想到用副词。修饰语：看到空格词修饰名词，要想到用形容词；看到空格词修饰动词、形容词或整个句子在句中作状语，要想到用副词。技法2：比较等级类：“比较范围”辨等级括号类所给词若是形容词或者副词，而空格处刚好缺少形容词或副词，则要考虑比较等级。如果是两者之间的比较，则用比较级；如果是三者或三者以上的比较，则用最高级。技法3：前缀后缀类：“逻辑意义”理通顺有时不但要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀，其逻辑意义才通顺；当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了。形容词、副词类语法填空考点讲解：形容词、副词常考点形容词、副词在句中各自作的不同成分。(注意fortunately,luckily,honestly,actually,personally等评注性状语往往修饰整个句子，放于句首)辨别省略了than...的隐性比较级。比较级前常用修饰语(much,far,still,even,rather,alittle,abit,alot)“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义在给出的形容词或者副词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。词性转换(加后缀，改变词性)形容词变副词的后缀adj.+-ly fortunate—fortunately幸运地 general—generally一般来讲loud—loudlyparticular特殊的，独特的一particularlypolite—politelyproper合适的，恰当的---properly以-ble或-le结尾的形容词，去掉e加-ycomfortable---comfortablygentle—gentlypossible---possiblysimple——simply仅仅；只；简单地terrible---terribly辅音字母+y变y为i再加lyeasy—easily heavy—heavilyhappy--happilyangry—angrily,lucky—luckily,noisy—noisily动词名词变形容词的后缀名词+ableadjustable可调整knowledge-knowledgeablecomfort---comfortablesuit一套 suitable合适的value—valuable有价值的--almusic---musical nature-natural自然的 person-personal私人的nation—national国家的 education---educational有教育意义的tradition——traditional传统的origin起源---original新颖的；独创的名词+ful/less一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词meaning—meaningful有意义的 care—careful/careless小心的；粗心help---helpful/helplesshome—homeless无家可归的use---useless/useful thank—thankful充满感激的名词+dtalent talented有天赋的organized有组织的offended生气的crowded拥挤的polluted被污染的pleased高兴的名词+ous danger—dangerous mystery神秘 mysterious神秘的humor—humorouscaution—cautiouspoison--poisonous名词+y(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)anger生气 angry hunger-hungryguilt罪恶---guilty内疚的health---healthy luck---lucky cloud---cloudywind—windyrain---rainysnow---snowysleep---sleepy昏昏欲睡的

salt盐---salty咸的 silk丝绸一silky丝绸般的注意:1）如果以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写辅音字母再加"-y".sun—sunny,fun一funny,fog一foggy有雾的 fur—furry毛皮的2）少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加"-y”.noise—noisy,ice一icy,shine一shiny（发亮的）,taste（口味）一tasty（甜的）名词+ish（有点…的特征） fool--foolishself--selfishchild--childish--ive imagine—imaginativeeffect—ffectivedefend—defensiveaddict—addictive create—creative attract--attractive--sometroublesometiresomewearisome方位的词表达？名词+ern三.表否定的前缀、后缀（只改变词义，不改变词性）il-，im-，in-，ir-否定impossible不可能的三.表否定的前缀、后缀（只改变词义，不改变词性）il-，im-，in-，ir-否定impossible不可能的impoliteimpatientinvisible不可见incorrect不正确的inactive不积极的irrational不合理的irregular不稳定的illiterate（不识字的）illogical不合理的unstable不稳定的unknown未知的unusual不同寻常的unfortunatelyunnecessaryunimportantunfamiliarnonsmoker不抽烟的人nonexistent不存在的mistake错误misspell拼错misjudge误判mislead误导dislike不喜欢disappear消失dishonest不诚实disadvantage不利条件 disagree不同意ab-脱离 abnormal不正常的carelesshopelesscountlessendlesshelplesshomelessun-否定mis-错，坏dis-否定，相反-less四.比较等级the+比较级...,the+比较级…“越….就越.....”e.g.Itisbelievedthattheharderyouwork,thebetterresultyouwillget.the+比较级+ofthetwo+名词 "表示两个中较....的"e.g.Whoistheyoungerofthetwoboys?“否定词+比较级”表示最高级e.g.Yourstoryiswonderful;Iveneverheardabetteronebefore.Nothingiseasierthanthis.（这是世界上最容易的事情）Ihaveneverseensuchabetterpicture.（我从没看过比这更好的图片）“the+形容词或副词的最高级+比较范围”表示在某个范围内“最....”e.g.Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.可以用来修饰比较级的词和短语有much,far,still,even,rather,alittle,abitalot,agreatdeal及数字、倍数等，常放在比较级的前面。巩固练习：Theoldmancametoourrestaurantso(frequent)thatallofuswerefamiliarwithhim.Whoistheauthorofthatnovel?I’veneverreada(much)stirringstory.ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt(please),becausetherearemanyemptyseatsintheroom.Workgetsdone(easy)whenpeopledoittogether,andtherewardsarehighertoo.Onceahabitisformed,itisdifficult,andsometimes(possible),togetridof.Weusedtowriteeachother(regular),butIhaven’theardfromhimsincelastyear.Aseverybodyknows,the(lazy)apersonis,themorethingsheneedstodotomorrow.Youngpeoplegotocollegewiththeexpectationthat(good)educatedpeoplegethigherpay.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe (sweet).Ifhethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback,hewaswrong.Itmighthavemadeitalittle(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidn’tstopthekidsintheclass.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid"grow"(high).Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople’shomeeither(personal)orthroughtheircompanies.Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itis(good)thanhehaseverget.Withonlineshoppingincreasinglypopular,theInter