数控稳压电源B课设报告

目录1设计任务及要求·························································································12方案论证····································································································12.1方案一······························································································12.2方案二······························································································13部分电路工作原理······················································································23.1按键电路····························································································23.2数字控制电路····················································································23.2.174LS192····················································································23.2.3数字显示电路···········································································33.3模拟电路部分·····················································································43.3.1加法器电路···············································································53.3.2电压跟随器电路········································································63.3.3电流放大电路···········································································63.3.4模拟电路总图···········································································6···························································································73.4原理总图3.5元器件清单························································································74调试过程及测试结果··················································································84.1通电前检查························································································84.2通电检查···························································································84.2.1按钮开关的检查································································84.2.274LS192模块调试······································································84.2.3CD4511模块调试········································································84.2.4数码管，74HC14调试·······························································84.2.5输出电压调试···········································································84.2.6三极管调试···············································································84.2.7共集电极NPN型复合管调试·······················································8·················································································9···········································································································94.3仿真结果及分析5小结6设计体会及今后改进意见···········································································9··································································································96.1体会6.2本方案特点及存在问题····················96.3改进·································································································10参考文献·································································································11I

1设计任务及要求设计并制作一个数控稳压电源。电源设有“电压增”（UP）和“电压减”（DOWN）两个键，按UP时输出电压步进增加，按DOWN时步进减小。具体要求如下：(1)输出电压为0~9.9V，步进为0.1V；(2)输出电压的误差≤±0.05V；(3)用LED数码管显示输出电压的设定值；(4)最大输出电流≥1A。发挥部分：输出电压可在0～9.9V范围可以任意预置。参考元器件：74HC190/192，CD4511，DAC0832，NE5532/TL082，S8050/8550，TIP41/2N3055/3DD15。2方案论证采用模拟电路和数字电路两种不同类型的电路实现稳压电源的稳压输出。2.1方案一用模拟电路和数字电路的知识，完成大电压到小电压的转化，原理设计框图如图2-1。按键电路数字控制电路电压显示电路电压输出VREF=16VD/A转换电路加法器图2-1整体方框图由方框图看出是将16基准电压通过DAC0832D\A转化为所需电压，由数字显示部分显示输出电压，用74LS192控制显示部分和数字信号输入部分，用两个按键分别为up键和down键控制输入的增减，数字部分用来显示设置的电压值，数字信号经D\A转换后将基准电压Vref转化为所需电压初值，经过加法器后将小数位电压和各位电压相加得到所需电压。2.2方案二用单片和机DAC0832芯片变成实现数控稳压电源，该方案电路图简单，操作简单但对初学者来说并不适用，不能很好的将数模电理论知识实际化，而且没学习过单片的机同学不能很好完成。综合考虑：采用方案一，对初学者学习有很大帮助，便于掌握教材知识。13部分电路工作原理部分电路分为数字控制电路、数字显示电路、和模拟电路。三种电路协同完成稳压电源的设计。按键电路用来控制数字输入量，分为UP键和DOWN键步进为0.1v按键电路图3-1开关电路开关电路的设计部运用施密特触发器来消除按键抖动。使其产生稳定的数字信号不会因抖动而是数字显示量跳跃。3.2数字控制电路(1)UP为加计数时钟输入端，DN为减计数时钟输入端；(2)PL为预置输入控制端，异步预置；2图3-374LS192原理连接图图3-4CD4511引脚图（1）A0~A3：二进制数据输入端；（2）BI__:输出消隐控制端，LE：数据锁定控制端；__3（3）LT：灯测试端，a~g：数据输出端；（4）VDD：电源正，VSS：电源负。CDA511连接原理图如图4-5。图3-5数码管连接原理图3.3模拟电路部分DAC0832是8分辨率的D/A转换集成芯片。与微处理器完全兼容。这个DA芯片以其价格低廉、接口简单、转换控制容易等优点，在单片机应用系统中得到广泛的应用。D/A转换器由8位输入锁存器、8位DAC寄存器、8位D/A转换电路及转换控制电路构成。DAC0832引脚功能如图4-6。图3-6DAC0832引脚图（1）D0～D7：8位数据输入线，TTL电平，有效时间应大于90ns（2）ILE：数据锁存允许控制信号输入线，高电平有效；（3）CS：片选信号输入线（选通数据锁存器），低电平有效；（4）WR1：数据锁存器写选通输入线，负脉冲（脉宽应大于500ns）有效。由ILE、CS、WR1的逻辑组合产生LE1，当LE1为高电平时，数据锁存器状态随输入数据线变换，LE1的负跳变时将输入数据锁存；（5）XFER：数据传输控制信号输入线，低电平有效，负脉冲（脉宽应大于500ns）有效；4（6）WR2：DAC寄存器选通输入线，负脉冲（脉宽应大于500ns）有效。由WR2、XFER的逻辑组合产生LE2，当LE2为高电平时，DAC寄存器的输出随寄存器的输入而变化，LE2的负跳变时将数据锁存器的内容打入DAC寄存器并开始D/A转换。（7）IOUT1：电流输出端1，其值随DAC寄存器的内容线性变化；（8）IOUT2：电流输出端2，其值与IOUT1值之和为一常数；（9）RFB：反馈信号输入线，改变RFB端外接电阻值可调整转换满量程精度；（10）Vcc：电源输入端，Vcc的范围为+5V～+15V；（11）VREF：基准电压输入线，VREF的范围为-10V～+10V；（12）AGND：模拟信号地；（13）DGND：数字信号地。图3-7DAC0832连接图输出电压计算公式为：3.3运放部分原理3.3.1加法器电路图3-8加法器电路5如图3-8所示由两片DAC0832输出两种相同电压设置R1=10K，R2=1K，R3=1K，经比例加法器后将一路电压缩小为原来的十倍作为0.1v步进电压，所得电压Vout就为输出电压。3.3.2电压跟随器电路图3-9电压跟随器电压跟随器作用就是稳定输出电压，利用电压负反馈使得输出紧随输。3.3.3电流放大电路共集电极电流放大电路如图4-10。共集电极复合管作用：具有电流放大，电压跟随作用输出电流：II。输出电压：UU。共集电极放大电路的输入电阻与负载电阻有b12oi3.3.4模拟电路总图图3-11模拟电路总图6图3-12原理总图表3-1元器件清单元器件个数2微动开关74LS192CD45112274HC1410.1uf电容10k电阻1K电阻234DAC0832NE553224TIP4112N22218欧姆50瓦电阻导线110米2共阴数码管74调试过程及测试结果4.1通电前检查电路安装完毕后，经检查电路各部分接线正确，电源、元器件之间无短路，器件无接错现象。4.2通电检查4.2.1按钮开关的检查首先将按钮开关和其他电路模块断开，端接5伏直流电压。理论上对于开关按钮用万用表测其连段电压，若果按下电压压为0v，则按钮开关完好。只留按钮开关部分。其次，给电路两为5v，断开电4.2.274LS192模块调试断开74LS192后续部分接通5v电源，用万用表测74LS192各引脚，判断其是否正常工作，按按钮置数判断输出为是否正常工作。4.2.3CD4511模块调试断开CD4511后续部分，上电用微动开关置数，用万用表测各引脚是否真长工作，即可判断其是否完好。4.2.4数码管，74HC14调试调试部分，接通电源，按键置数，观察数码管是否按规律此部分为完整数电增减，是否能自动清零，则可判断该部分是否完好4.2.5输出电压调试接通电源，按键置数0~9.9v，如图6-2-5加法器用完用表测量运放输出端口UB6运放的7端口和U6A的1端口，以及U8A的1端口电压，若满足U6A1U6B7,UU6A1U6A78A110则调试完毕。4.2.6三极管调试接通电源，测量三极管各极电压，判断是否处于放大状态，若均处于放大状态则调试完毕，测试结果正常。4.2.7共集电极NPN型复合管调试8共集电极NPN型复合管用来放大电流，连接好完整电路，接通电源，按键IURI置数，用万用表测负载两端电压，当满足输出电流/时，且满足1omax时，调试完毕。4.3仿真结果及分析表4-1仿真结果显示电压/V负载电压/V负载电流/A0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.09.90.000.991.993.004.005.016.017.028.029.0310.000.000.120.250.370.490.650.750891.001.101.115小结本次数模电课程设计，主要是通过利用数模电知识来解决实际问题，本次课设数控稳压电源设计从根本上利用了两本书的几乎所有知识，例如数电的各种芯片、模电的三极管、比例运算加法器、复合三极管等，而且通过我们自己动手焊接电路板，使我们充分认识到工业产品的本质特性，是一次非常有价值和有教的义设计课程。6设计体会及今后改进意见6.1体会从本次设计课程中，我深刻体会到知识的践的全过程，让以前的一无