综合教程新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材教师课件

Unit

51The

Real

Truth

aboutLiesWarming

up

activities21.If

your

good

friend

buys

a

new

dress

or

a

newmobile

phone

which

you

dislike

intensely,

andasks

for

your

opinion

about

it,

what

will

yousay?2.When

do

you

think

peoplelie?3.

Why

do

people

lie?4.To

whom

do

people

most

likely

tolie?5.

How

would

you

feel

if

somebody

lied

to

you

foryour

own

good?6.

What’s

your

view

of

white

lies?7.

Have

you

ever

lied?

examplesAbout

text

I3Topic

–The

Real

Truth

about

Lies—white

liesSelected

from

Reader's

Digest

inthe

November,

1999Journalistic

styleShort

paragraphs18

parasArgumentative

writing4The

University

of

Virginia5The

University

of

Virginia

is

distinctive

amonginstitutions

of higher

education.

Founded

byThomas

Jefferson

in

1819,

the

University

ispublic

and

remains

the

No.

2

best

,

accordingto

the

2005

US

News

&

World

Report.Numerous

distinguished

alumni

graduatedfrom

the

university

and

now

dominatevariousareas.6Bella

DePaulo7Professor

Bella

M.

DePaulo

is

specialized

inSocial

Psychology.

For

more

than

20

years,She

has

studied

thecommunication

ofdeception.More

recently,

she

has

also

been

studying

thesocial

psychology

of

singles

.

She

received herPh.

D.

from

Harvard

University

in

1979.

She

is

theauthor

of

more

than

100

publications,

and

her

workhasbeenfundedbyNSF(国家科学基金会),NIMH(国家精神卫生研究院

),

and

the

National

Academy

ofEducation.8Josephson

Institute

of

EthicsThe

Joseph

&

Edna

Josephson

Institute

ofEthics

isa

public-benefit,nonprofit,nonpartisan无党派and

nonsectarian无宗派

membership

organization

founded

by

MichaelJosephson

in

honor

of

hisparents.9While-reading

questions10How

does

the

writer

begin

with

the

topic?How

does

he

convince

the

readers

“the

realtruth

”

oflies?Find

out

words,

phrases,

expressions

orsentences

to

indicate

the

consequences

oflies?After-reading

questions11What

is

the

tone

of

the

author

in

thetext?What

is

the

author’s

attitude

towardslies?What

is

the

author’s

viewpoint

in

the

text?What

are

the

features

of

thetext?What

is

your

viewpoint

of

thetopic?Text

comprehension12Tone

:objectiveView:

negativeWay

of

convincing:

scientificresearch;

example;

scholarlyquotation1.

What

does

Professor

BellaDePaulo's

study

indicate

aboutlying?

What

do

most

people

thinkabout

lying?A:

The

study

suggests

that

lying

is

acommon

phenomenon

and

most

of

thelies

we

tell

are

small

,

insignificant.

Shealso

points

out

that

different

sexes

liefor

different

reasons

,

but

nobody

thatlies

suffers

from

a

guilty

conscience.13Answer

the

following

questions

(page161)2.

Why

do

people

tell

white

lies?

Do

youthink

the

lies

will

be

well

received

once

they

are

exposed?A:

According

to

the

passage,

the

nature

of

whitelies

is

to

seek

self-interest:

People

tell

white

liesbasically

for

self-promoting

purposes. White

liesmay

have

different

receptions

in

different

cultures.In

western

cultures

as is

illustrated

by

theexample,

white

lies

may

not

be

well

received

asthe

people

value

honesty

and

integrity

morethan

caring

and

face

value;

but

in

the

easterncultures,

they

may

be received

as

a

sign

ofconcern

and

respect

for

each

other’s

face.143.

What,

according

to

the

author,

would

be

the

consequences

oflying?A:

The

consequences

of

lying

fall

into

threeaspects

:

The

deceived

may

feel

cheated

andwon't

trust

the

liar

any

more;

the

liar

will

losetrust

from

the

deceived

and

get

entangled

inthe

lies

he

fabricates

;

and

the

society

as

awhole

would

falter

and

collapse

as

its

membersdo

not

trust

each

other

any

more.154.

Are

all

white

lies

unacceptable?

Whatis

the

yardstick

of

acceptable

lies?A:

Not

all

white

lies

are

unacceptable.

Somefalsehoods

like

setting

somebody

up

for

asurprise

party

or

telling

children

about

thetooth

fairy

can

be

justified.

However,

youhave

to

consider

the

attitude

of

the

deceivedtowards

lying

and

the

consequences,

i.e.whether

your

act

will

undermine

his

trust

inyou.16Structural

analysis

of

the

text17Part

1—paras

1—6Introducing

the

topic

by

reporting

two

surveyresults.Part

2—paras

7-11Telling

little

white

lies

is

a

common

practice

and

the

reason

fortelling

such

lies

by

citing

anexamplePart

3—paras

12-15The

consequences

of

telling

liesPart

4—paras

16-18Discussing

whether

lies

should

be

avoided

at

all

costsPart

1

(Para.1-6)18The

writer

introduces

the

topic

byreporting

two

surveyresults.My

son

associated

with

somedishonest

boys. V结交We

often

associate

Egypt

with

theNile.

v.联系I

benefit

much

from

associationwithyou.19astoundv.20to

make

somebody

very

surprised

or

shocked

使惊骇，大吃一惊It

astounds

me

that

he

has

taken

bribes.His

remarkable

memory

astounded

us.他非凡的记忆力使我们大吃一惊。astounding

adj.astounded

adj.We

were

astounded

by

his

astounding

memory.confound

vt.21to

confuse

and

surprise

people,causing

them

to

be

unable

to

explain

or

dealwitha

situation

使困惑，惊慌失措，混淆His

choice

may

confound

usall.Our

clever

tactics

confounded

our

opponents.我们的巧妙战术弄得对手不知所措。Don‘t

confound

the

means

with

theends.不要把手段和目的混淆起来。confoundedconfoundedlyConsult

your

dictionary

v.Consultant

n.Consultation

n.22cynic

n.愤世嫉俗的人a

cynical

smile

讥讽的笑adj.cynical

attitude

玩世不恭态度His

cynicism

about

life

willdo

harm

to

his

career.

n.23deceive

v.deception

n.deceptive

adj.deceit

骗术a

deceitful

boy

爱撒谎骗人的deceive

sb.

into

believing

that24falter

v.lose

power

or

strength

in

an

uneven

way,thus

no

longer

making

much

progress

蹒跚，踉跄;颤抖;摇摇欲坠The

sick

man

faltered

a

few

steps

and

then

fell.这个病人摇摇晃晃1地走了几步,然后就跌倒了。The

business

faltered

and

then

failed.商行生意衰退,最后倒闭了。Our

hopes

will

not

falter

in

adversity.我们的信心在逆境中也不会动摇胆怯2。He

faltered

out

a

few

words.他支吾3地说出了几句。n.摇晃,支吾,踌躇胆怯,不稳I

detected

a

falter

in

her

voice.我察觉她的嗓音发颤。25feign:

v.

to

pretend

to

have

or

be;

to

put

on

afalse

air

of26He

feigned

death.Feign

his

father’s

voice

装出父亲的声音feign

sleep

装睡feign

an

excuse

to

his

boss

捏造借口He

feigned

surprise

and

they

all

believedhim.invariably:

ad.

always

It's

invariably

rainy

when

I

take

myholidays.他很健忘，总是忘了拿钥匙。He

is

forgetful,

andinvariably

forgetstotake

his

keys.27VaryVariousVariableVariablyInvariablyvaried28lubricantlubricate

v.lubrication

n.29perception

n.His

analysis

of

the

problemshowed

great

perception.perceive

v.perceptive

adj.有感觉有悟性的30Preoccupation

n.His

greatest

preoccupation

was

howto

find

money

for

a

holiday.Preoccupy

v.be

preoccupied

by

family

troubles.be

preoccupied

with

the

thoughtsofthe

coming

examination.31revarication: n.

the

state

of

avoiding

giving

a

direcanswer

or

making

a

firm

decision32支吾，搪塞When

we

questioned

the

authorities

onthesubject,

we

were

met

by

prevarication.The

report

was

full

of

lies

and

prevarications.evasionevaderevaricate

vi.

prevaricator(fml.)To

stray

from

or

evade

the

truth;equivocate,totell

lies.支吾，搪塞，说谎Profess

v.

to

make

a

claim

(of

/about)33James

professed

to

knoweverythingabout

sculpture.

He

professed

the

greatest

respect

for

the

law.professionn.1宣称主张,2职业专业- professional

writerproliferation

:

n.a

rapid

increase

in

the

amount

or

number

ofsomething

34Smoking

triggers

off

cell

proliferation.the

proliferation

of

nuclear

weaponsproliferate

v.Over

the

past

two

years,

computercompanies

haveproliferated.prolific

adj.pundit

:

n.

a

person

who

is

an

authority

on

aparticular

subject;

an

expert35We‘ve

invited

a

foreign-policypundit

to

give

us

a

lecture.专家client:

n.

somebody

who

pays

for

services

oradvice

from

a

person

or

organizationeg.a

solicitor

and

his

client

客户Cf:a

shopkeeper

and

his

customer

顾客serial

play

连续剧serial

number

序列号serial

story

连载小说36seriallyadv.serialize

v.以连续方式出版或制作tangle

v.

n.37to

cause

to

come

a

confuse

mass

of

disorderedandtwisted

threads使缠结，纠缠不清，乱成一团The

wind

tangled

her

hair.

The

complex,tangled

politics

of

thisregion

错综复杂的政治

The

woolwas

in

such

a

tangle

that

itwas

useless.Long

hair

tangles

easily.tangled:a.乱蓬的，复杂的，纠缠难解的After

listening

to

his

speech，

I

thought

his

ideasand

opinions

were

so

tangled

that

I

could

notvote

for

him.Undermine

vt.38to

gradually

make

sb.or

sth.less

strong

or

effective

暗中破坏，逐渐削弱The

waves

had

undermined

the

cliff.波浪冲刷侵蚀悬崖的底部。Her

jealousy

undermines

our

friendship.The

president’s

enemies

are

spreadingrumors

to

undermine

his

authority.The

bad

cold

had

undermined

her

health.warp

v.

n.39to

(cause

to)

turn

or

twist

out

of

shape使歪曲，变形The

wood

warps

easily

in

damp

conditions.门一定是变形了，总关不上。The

door

must

be

warped.

It

won't

closeproperly.He

has

awarped

mind.他的心态不正常。Her

views

of

man

had

been

warped

byseveral

bad

experience.condemn

谴责condemnation40blurt

out

:

to

say

something

suddenly

and

without

thinking,usually

because

one

is

nervous

or

excited

脱口而出

To

our

surprise,he

blurted

his

secret

outattable.当被问及将来想做什么工作时，约翰脱口而出他希望成为一名电脑程序员。When

being

asked

what

he

wants

to

do

inthe

future,

John

blurted

out

that

hedreamed

of

becoming

a

computer

programmer.41wear

down:v.to

reduce

or

become

weakeruntil

useless

磨损，损耗疲乏Heavy

traffic

and

variable

weather

canwear

down

the

surface

of

the

road.Batteries

wear

down

gradually.42earth-shattering: of

thegreatestimportance

to

the

whole

world惊天动地的;极其重大的43After

years

of

hard

work,

they

finallymade

an

earth-shattering

discovery.The

new

invention

is

of

earth-shattering

importance.总统被暗杀是震憾全世界的重大事件。The

President's

assassination

was

anevent

of

earth-shattering

importance.ethics

n.ethical

adj.unethical

adj.44spare

one's

feelings

:to

avoid

doingsomething

that

would

upset

somebody避免使人难过，难堪45He

simply

wished

to

minimize

thefuss

and

tospare

her

feelings.

We

carefully

avoided

mentioning

thenews

to

spare

his

feelings.Federal

Bureau

of

InvestigationFBIinvestigatesurveysb.

besurveyed46WhitelieWhite

elephantWhite

flagWhite

collarWhite

paper47Part

2

(Para.7-11)48By

citing

an

example

in

this

part,

thewriter

goes

on

to

explain

that

tellinglittle

white

lies

is

a

common

practiceand

the

reasons

for

telling

such

liesare

familiar

--

we

do

not

want

to

hurtothers.Questions:491)

What

are

little

white

lies?A1:

Little

white

lies

are

those

harmless

liesthat

are

told

so

as

not

to

hurt

someoneelse2)

According

to

the

writer,

what

could

beconsidered

"nice

lies"?A2:

According

to

the

writer,

all

these

couldbe

considered

"nice

lies":

complimentingpeople

on

their

appearance,

expressingappreciation

for

gifts

or

food.503)

What

does

this

sentence

mean:

"What

atangled

web

we

weave,

when

first

wepractice

to

deceive"

?A3:

When

we

tell

a

fib,

very

likely

we

willhave

to

tell

more

lies

to

cover

up

the

lie

wehave

told.

One

lie

will

lead

to

more

lies.Then

we

will

get

ourselves

entangled

withthe

web

weweave.51ubiquitous:

a.

seeming

to

be

everywhere到处存在的,普遍存在的52

By

the

end

of

last

century,

thecomputerhad

become

ubiquitous.Discussion:

What

is

ubiquitous

in

yourlife?Part

3

(Para.12-15)53This

part

deals

with

theconsequences

of

telling

lies.Question:What

is

the

grave

consequence

oftelling

lies?A1:

The

ubiquitousness

of

lies

maycause

people

to

be

distrustful

of

eachother,

thus

leading

to

the

collapse

ofthe

whole

society.54associate

withassociation

with55与联系在一起结交I

benefit

much

from

my

associationwithyou.We

often

associate

Egypt

with

the

Nile.

Part4

(Para.16-18)

56In

this

part,

the

writer

discusses

whetherlies

should

be

avoided

at

all

costs.Questions:57What

doesprinciple

of"antrustexchangef